Patent Documentation Research Articles

Cross-National Comparison of Technology Innovation Capabilities in Automation and Robotics

In today’s dynamic and global economic environment, technological innovations are a key determinant of international competitiveness. In the field of automation and robotics, the development of modern technologies is of particular significance, influencing not only industrial progress but also social aspects. Automation and robotics play a crucial role in the concept of modern industry, contributing to the creation of more sustainable, flexible, and human-centric production systems. The article aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the patent activity in automation and robotics in Europe. Patent documentation serves as a source of knowledge about the directions of research, inventive activities, and consequently, the innovative and competitive potential of the economy. The number of patents over time reflects the dynamics of a country’s technological development. The article discusses the use of patent databases to evaluate a country’s innovation in automation and robotics. The conducted analysis of data on European countries enabled the identification of trends based on the International Patent Classification and specialisation from a geographical perspective using revealed comparative technological advantage. The European countries were classified using cluster analysis, demonstrating the diversity, and identifying leaders in each group.

Innovation in Cocoa Fermentation: Evidence from Patent Documents and Scientific Articles

This review aims to analyze the technological and scientific applications regarding cocoa fermentation through a prospective study of patent documents and research articles. The Espacenet database was used as a patent research tool by searching both the IPC code “A23G1” and the terms “cocoa” and “ferment*”. A total of 130 documents were found—49 were related to the subject. The Scopus database was also searched for scientific articles using the terms “cocoa” and “fermentation”. A total of 812 articles were found—517 were related to the subject. Cocoa fermentation has not yet reached technological maturity, despite the growth in patent documents and scientific research observed in the last two decades. The creation of the Cacao of Excellence Program (2009), among others, has incentivized sustainability and quality in cocoa-producing countries. Brazil, Colombia, and Indonesia are leading with scientific publications in the last 5 years, despite the lack of patents filed. The United Kingdom, France, China, Canada, and Germany, despite not being cocoa-producing countries, are the main holders of the technology. Patent documents analyzed relate to food science, biotechnology, engineering, and chemistry. Microbial biotechnology has gained attention as a key factor to produce a higher-quality cocoa bean. Saccharomyces is the most frequent genus of yeast used as a starter culture in patent documents. Some patent documents propose the addition of fruits during cocoa fermentation, but a few scientific studies have been found on the matter. Overall, technological applications and scientific studies have focused on improving cocoa quality. The cocoa market is expected to increase significantly in the next few years, representing an opportunity to develop high-quality cocoa using novel fermentation techniques.

Анализ патентной и научной литературы в области гидроразрыва пласта

The article searches and analyzes patent and scientific literature in the field of application of hydraulic fracturing technologies. A review and analysis of publications from open sources is presented, in which articles and abstracts on technologies used during hydraulic fracturing were published. As a result, leading journals were identified that presented publications on applied hydraulic fracturing technologies. The leaders in the publication of articles related to hydraulic fracturing technologies are: Bulletin of Science, Exposition “Oil, Gas”. A search and analysis of patent documentation for hydraulic fracturing technologies that are directly used in the Russian Federation was also carried out. Patent analysis showed that the main patent holder for technologies used during hydraulic fracturing in the Russian Federation is the Public Joint Stock Company Tatneft named after V.D. Shashin. This analysis will allow us to assess the potential of solutions proposed by scientific and industrial teams in the field of hydraulic fracturing.

Development of technological sector “Driverless vehicles and highly automated vehicles” based on the results of patent search

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). In the modern world, the issue of relevance of driverless vehicles and implementation of this technology in economic, legal and technological environment is more acute than ever. The scope of the latest technological solutions grows year by year often drawing attention of the largest companies that are ready to invest effort and finance in improvement of methods, techniques and devices related to production and operation of driverless transport. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main development trends of the driverless vehicle technologies market based on the patent search over the period of 2012–2021, to identify regularities and draw conclusions on the state of the technology market development at the time of the study. Methodology and research methods. In the course of the study, domestic and foreign patent documentation databases were examined, as well as directly the patent documents describing various technical solutions in the technological sector of driverless vehicles. Scientific novelty and results. Following the results of the analysis, conclusions on the high level of interest from inventors and large organizations, especially from the Asian region, in the developments in the “Driverless vehicles and highly automated vehicles” sector were drawn. Based on the data, conclusions on the Russian patent activity were also drawn, in comparison with the indicators of other leading countries. It was noted that the technological sector had been developing rapidly and achieved the peak indicators in 2020 so far. Practical significance. The analysis results can be used by inventors and organizations in order to identify the trends of the world market of technologies and demand for individual developments within the technological sector.

METHODS OF PATENT DOCUMENTATION ANALYSIS

Intellectual search of patent text is an important task that requires knowledge of the subject area. In today's world, when the growing pace of technological innovation is already leading to fundamental changes, with entering the fourth industrial revolution Industry (4.0), the development of artificial intelligence and the virtual economy, the analysis of patent documentation is becoming an increasingly important task, therefore, traditional approaches to text analysis are insufficient for comprehensive study of the patent text. This article discusses methods of patent document analysis, including topic identification, text segmentation, information display, feature selection, clustering, and summary selection, etc. The described methods can be used to better understand the relationships between different technologies and their priorities and to assess competition and opportunities for their use in the market. Also considered are the main challenges and problems associated with the analysis of patent documentation, such as the limited amount of data and the heterogeneity of their structure. The article's conclusions can be useful not only for the linguistic analysis of patent documentation, but also for researchers, engineers, managers and other specialists working in the field of innovation and technology development.

A Review on the Determination of Semantic Similarity of Patent Documents

Teknik anlamda en güncel bilgileri barındıran, yüksek hacmiyle bilgi keşfi açısından müthiş bir potansiyele sahip olan ve teknoloji yönetimi alanında kilit bir rol üstlenen patent verisinin işlenmesinde patent madenciliği çalışmaları giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Patent verisi içerisinde bulunan yapısal veya yapısal olmayan verilerin hepsi önemli olsa da, patent madenciliği çalışmalarının en kritik hedefi patent dokümanlarının anlamsal benzerliğini tespit edebilmektir. Patentlerin anlamsal benzerlik tespiti ile patent başvuru sürecinin en zor ve en çok vakit alan safhası olan patentlenebilirlik kriterlerinin tespitinin otomatik olarak yapılabilmesi mümkün olacaktır. Patent metinlerinin, metin madenciliği yöntemleri ile yapısal hale getirilerek birbirine ne kadar benzediklerini tespit etmek için küme teorisi yaklaşımları, vektör uzay modeli yaklaşımları veya ontoloji vb. bilgi kaynaklarından faydalanılan yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Ancak patent metinlerinin karmaşık yapısı ve kendine has terminolojisi sebebiyle bu yöntemlerden hedeflenen verim alınamamaktadır. Bu eksikliği gidermek için kullanıldığı her alanda büyük başarılar ortaya koyan derin öğrenme yöntemlerinden, patent metinlerinin anlamsal olarak karşılaştırılmasında da faydalanılması gerekmektedir. Bu alanda çalışmalar yapılmasına rağmen etkin bir şekilde patentlenebilirlik tespiti yapabilen modeller henüz başlangıç aşamasındadır. Nitelikli bir model geliştirilerek patentlenebilirlik tespiti yapıldıktan sonra patent araştırma raporunun otomatik olarak hazırlanması teknoloji yönetimi alanındaki büyük ihtiyacın karşılanabilmesi adına önemli bir adım olacaktır.

External removable elements of pipes for heat transfer enhancement (Design overview)

The subject of the study is the external removable means of heat exchange pipes for intensifying the heat exchange process in technological equipment and pipelines of various sectors of the economy.
 Studies of the state of art and prospects of constructive and technological design of external removable elements of pipes for heat transfer intensification are based on a critical analysis of scientific and technical sources of information and, above all, patent information from the leading countries of the world, since it is in the patent documentation that information is provided on innovative developments in the relevant field of technology and technology.
 With the help of methods of analysis and synthesis, external removable elements of pipes for the intensification of heat transfer of equipment and pipelines in the chemical and related branches of technology are systematized. For each type of elements, a detailed classification has been developed, on the basis of which the most interesting designs proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the leading countries of the world are considered. A critical assessment is given to most of the elements, an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages is made. Preference is given to sources of information from the end of the second and beginning of the third millennium.
 The designs of these elements are analyzed depending on the regime of the fluid coolant, the presence of a change in the state of aggregation of the coolant, the nature of the effect on the flow over time, the nature of the change in the flow hydrodynamics, the degree of change in the flow hydrodynamics, the relative length, the orientation of the pipes in space, the degree of the channel curvature, the material, the degree of assembly , the degree of mobility of the components, the number of covered pipes, as well as the type of blank. It is shown that, despite a significant variety of designs of external removable elements of pipes for heat transfer intensification, metal plate elements tested in manufacture and operation remain the most in demand by the industry. However, due to the advances in materials science and computer modeling, the search for new designs of pipe elements to intensify heat transfer continues.

GENRE SPECIFICITY OF PATENT DOCUMENTATION

The article is devoted to the actual problem of genre features of patent documentation. The relevance of the issue is related not only to the importance of further accumulation of knowledge in the field of functional stylistics and text linguistics but also to the tasks of improving inventive and patent-licensing work. Patent documentation is considered as a type of scientific and technical literature that combines the properties of two functional styles: scientific and technical and official and business. The article analyzes the directions of linguistic studies of patent documentation, in particular, the comparison of the patent genre with other genres of scientific literature. The article provides a comparative analysis of the description of the invention as a structural component of a patent and a scientific article. It is noted that with the scientific style, the description of the invention and the entire text of the patent combine such socio-cultural functions as the fixation of technical knowledge, which is objectified in the form of texts and the implementation of the exchange of knowledge with the help of patent documents; the patent combines the common function of intellectual property protection with the official business style. Special attention is paid to the description of the invention, which is a text with a dual functional and stylistic function, and the formula of invention, which is a part of the description, a short verbal expression of the essence of the invention. The main function of the formula is legal. Based on the intentional-functional approach, the article represents the linguistic features of the patent not as a set of separately taken components in the form of archaisms, clericalisms, and terms, but as a model consisting of interdependent elements.

Improvement of the method of verification of the drift of the gyrovertical on the UAV during aerial photography using the liquid horizon

The analysis of literary sources and patent documentation showed that among the means of orientation of UAVs in space, systems based on fibre optic gyroscopes have the highest accuracy, which allow determining the pitch and roll values of UAVs with an accuracy of 1.2ʹ-3ʹ. A negative feature of UAV navigation systems in space is the instability of vertical reproduction over time, characterized by its drift.To reduce the influence of the drift of the main vertical sensor, there is its verification by an additional true vertical sensor based on the liquid horizon. At the level of the invention, the gyrovertical verification method has been improved for the use on moving objects intended for shooting, in particular on UAVs. The verification method is implemented by a device based on an optical-electronic liquid horizon, which allows to increase the accuracy of reproduction of the true vertical in comparison with the analogue by about 2 times. The formulas for calculating the dimensions of the hermetic ampoule of the optical-electronic unit for measuring the position of the liquid horizon are given, depending on the sensitivity of the reproduction of the true vertical. A mathematical rationale for determining the position of the dynamic equilibrium of the liquid surface during its damping oscillations in a hermetic ampoule in areas of uniform and rectilinear movement of the carrier of the filming equipment is given, which contributes to increasing the reliability of its determination. As a result, it is possible to verify the drift of the main gyrovertical sensor in angular minutes. Implementation of the development will contribute to increasing the accuracy of obtaining coordinate information using moving carriers of filming equipment, in particular, UAVs equipped with mechanical or fibre-optic gyroscopes.

Flange connections of chemical technology equipment and pipelines

The subject of the research is the most common type of detachable joints in chemical, petrochemical, oil refining, food and energy machine and apparatus construction, namely flanged joints of technological and auxiliary equipment, as well as pipelines.
 The study of the state of the issue and trends in the development of structural and technological design of flanged joints is based on a critical analysis of scientific and technical sources of information and, above all, patent information of the leading countries of the world, since it is in the patent documentation that information is given about innovative developments in the relevant field of engineering and technology.
 With the help of methods of analysis and synthesis, flange connections that affect the efficiency of operation of equipment and pipelines in the chemical and related fields of technology have been systematized. A thorough classification has been developed for each type of device, based on which the most interesting designs proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the world's leading countries have been examined in detail. A critical assessment of most of the above constructions is provided, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Preference is given to sources of information from the end of the second and beginning of the third millennium.
 The constructions of flanged joints were analyzed depending on the degree of assembly, the degree of mobility of their structural elements, the possibility of removing the flanges without dismantling the entire joint, the mechanism of compression of the sealing gasket, the presence of additional functions, as well as the material of the flanges.
 It is shown that, despite the considerable variety of developed designs of flanged connections, the most demanded by the industry are flat welded and butt-welded flanges, as well as free flanges on a welded ring. However, thanks to the advances in materials science and computer modelling, the search for new flange connection designs continues.
 The developed detailed classification of flange connections can be useful to the developers of new equipment for the creation of highly efficient technological equipment of various industries.

General-use unsupervised keyword extraction model for keyword analysis

Keyword extraction is the foundation for solving various text mining tasks. However, the literature heavily relies on statistical, linguistic feature-based, or graph-based metrics to gauge corpus-representative keywords, the process of which is sensitive to preprocessing and stopword selection. In this paper, we propose a general-use keyword extraction model designed to work with document groups of various sizes, domains, and readability, as well as the existence of keyword labels. To extract a better selection of keywords, we employ a simple logistic regression model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization (Tibshirani, 1996). The classification-based structure of our approach ensures learning words that distinctively characterize the given document group against the comparison groups, enhancing the representativeness of the extracted keywords. Furthermore, our model repeatedly modifies coefficients as it learns the document label classifiers, rather than relying directly on the term frequencies, reducing the model’s sensitivity to words of very high and very low frequencies. We test our model’s performance against numerous classic keyword extraction frameworks as baseline models using online customer reviews, news articles, and patent documentation. The results indicate that our proposed method has robust performance in terms of representability and distinctiveness across document groups with varying sizes, number of class labels, levels of readability, and domain. Additionally, we show that our model beats baseline models even when applied to documents without class labels compared with the baseline models. Given its generalizability and simplicity, we believe that our proposed model may serve as an easy-to-use, yet a powerful, general-use tool for keyword extraction, especially when working with various groups of documents from different domains.

DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH IN VENTRAL HERNIA SURGERY

Relevance. The analysis of scientific, medical and patent documentation indicates that in the literature available to us there is no definition of indications for the use of one or another method of hernioplasty, taking into account various risk factors. The solution of these problems is an urgent and priority problem of modern herniology. Objective of the study: To develop a program for the choice of surgical tactics for ventral hernias. Research material. Based on the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 228 patients with ventral abdominal hernias, the authors developed a program for scoring preoperative criteria that affect the choice of the optimal method of hernioplasty, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism. Research results. In the main group of patients, we detected a relapse of the disease in one patient, which was 0.9% of the total number of patients examined in the long-term postoperative period. Relapse was noted in a patient from the 2nd subgroup who underwent hernioalloplasty with defect suturing. The relapse was caused by the insufficient area of the alloprosthesis. Findings. The scoring of perioperative risk criteria in patients with incisional ventral hernias allows choosing the optimal method of plastic surgery, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism and improving the results of treatment. With pronounced apron-like deformity of the abdomen in obese patients, it is preferable to perform open hernioalloplasty with DLE.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЛИСТЬЕВ И ПЛОДОВ ЛАВРА БЛАГОРОДНОГО В МЕДИЦИНЕ И ФАРМАЦИИ

In modern pharmacy, to expand the range of herbal preparations, food spicy-oil raw materials are increasingly used, which for many centuries have been used as a source of medicines. Which raw materials include the leaves of the noble laurel, used to obtain essential oils and extraction preparations. An analysis of the historical literature revealed the widespread use of both the raw material itself and the preparations derived from it for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, fevers, and as a prophylactic during epidemics. It should be noted that this raw material was included in the Russian pharmacopoeias from I to VII editions. Unfortunately, at the moment the raw material is not pharmacopoeial, which determines the relevance of research on the study of biologically active substances and pharmacological activity of this raw material. Standardization of laurel leaves in the Russian Federation is carried out according to the requirements of the regulatory documentation of the food industry. In the course of studying the scientific literature and patent documentation, a significant number of works devoted to the study of the antibacterial, fungicidal, antioxidant activity of the biologically active substances of the leaves and fruits of the noble laurel, due to the content of such classes of substances as terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, were revealed. A detailed study of the features of the biosynthesis of terpinoids in the leaves of common laurel, as well as their identification and determination of functional characteristics, was carried out. The revealed results make it possible to consider the raw material - laurel leaves as a promising source of obtaining new medicines, and scientific research aimed at systematizing the available data, forming a strategy for analyzing the authenticity and good quality of this raw material with the subsequent development of regulatory documentation as a promising and relevant area of pharmaceutical analysis.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION FURNACES (REVIEW)

The purpose of the research was to carry out a critical analysis of the structural and technological design of the process of incineration of municipal solid waste» (MSW). Data on the volume of solid waste generation in the world, Ukraine and Kyiv are given, the need to improve ways of effective solid waste management, in particular their disposal, is shown. A classification of furnaces and furnaces for solid waste burning has been developed. Designs of the specified technological equipment were analyzed depending on the power (productivity), the nature of the MSW incineration process over time, the possibility of movement in space, as well as the mechanism of the incineration process. A critical review of the most common designs of furnaces and furnaces, including layer, rotary, fluidized bed, cyclone, shaft, with a liquid melt bath, as well as floor furnaces and furnaces, is performed. A critical review of the most common designs of furnaces and furnaces, including layer, rotary, fluidized bed, cyclone, shaft, with a liquid melt bath, as well as floor furnaces and furnaces, is performed. This review is primarily based on a critical analysis of scientific and technical sources of information and, above all, patent information of the leading countries of the world, since it is the patent documentation that provides information on innovative developments in the relevant field of engineering and technology. Analysis of the current state and prospects for the use of furnaces and furnaces for MSW incineration shows that the appropriate technological equipment for MSW incineration, as one of the simplest and most effective for obtaining thermal and/or electrical energy and disposing of waste, will be used for solid waste processing for a long time to come. The main efforts are aimed at creating high-performance universal energy-efficient equipment, characterized by low material consumption, ease of maintenance and low negative impact on the environment and human health. Bibl. 62, Fig. 17.

Patent documentation analysis on bioassay issues in food products

Bioassay is considered to be a relatively new technique, known to the scientific community for about 30 years. This article covers a method of determining the total toxicity by bioassay using infusoria. Microorganisms from 4 genera can be used for the technique: Tetrahymena, Stylonicha, Paramecium, Colpoda. The method is used in food and feed. Advantages of using this method in comparison with traditional methods are given. The results of a patent search on this topic were analysed in the article. The aim of the research was to systematically analyze, summarize the information obtained from 2 databases: Federal Institute of Industrial Property, Google Patents. The criteria for the selection of patents on the subject of bioassay were set. As a result of the screening, 10 intellectual property documents were selected. The majority of the patents were found to describe techniques for determining total toxicity using infusoria. Patents on this topic peaked in the 2000s. Forty percent of the documents describe data not related to a specific genus of infusoria

Структура субстантивно-предложных синтагм в англоязычном тексте патента

Substantive-prepositional syntagmas in the English text of the patent are chosen as the subject of research. We set the task of determine to what extent this type of syntagmatics is typical for the chosen genre and present a typological description of structures based on the N+of+N core model. The relevance of the tasks set is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the categorical, linguistic and discursive features of such structures in English speech in general and in the texts of patent documentation in particular. The basis of the empirical research, carried out on the material of two corpora of texts, is the methods of syntagmatic, constructive, comparative and statistical analysis. The frequency of substantive-prepositional syntagmas in comparison with other types of compound nominative units and individual features that distinguish prepositional combinations from lexical syntagmas have been established. Design features of syntagmas are revealed; the syntactic processes of distribution of simple structures are described, the most significant of which are development, expansion, accession; the specifics of the implementation in these processes of such methods of distribution as lexical and syntactic, allied and non-union, adjective and substantive are determined. The obtained results supplement the information about syntagmatics as a sign of the genre and style of the text. They can serve as a basis for further research in the field of syntagmatics of English speech and find application in teaching English for professional purposes, as well as in a comparative analysis of original and parallel texts in Russian.

Patent Documents: Facilitating Visually Impaired People in Mathematical Education Through Innovative Solutions

A patent is legal protection which gives an inventor the right to exclude others from performing a certain activity in the country of issuance. Innovations in form of patents are very beneficial for societies i.e., economic growth, reducing unemployment, increasing motivation and enhancing educational support. Visually impaired people are also part of society who faced several difficulties during access to educational material. Continual enrichment in technology has yielded a lot of innovative solutions for visually impaired people which have been patented. These solutions are in form of published articles, systems, applications and websites. Researchers can access journals, conferences, book chapters and technical reports easily but normally patents are unused sources of information in education. The main reason behind this is the complex structure of the patents which causes difficulty in reading. The proposed article aims to summarize the patent information in such a way that researchers and developers can easily access the information. Discuss some important patent offices from all over the world, along with their patent tools. A detailed analysis was conducted for patent documents that are of help to visually-impaired people learning mathematics.

A conventional and digital mathematical board game design and development for use by students in learning arithmetic

This paper reported the design and development of a conventional and digital mathematical board game for use by students in learning arithmetic. At the time of research, there is no significant indication that a mathematical board game is available in scientific and published patent documentation. The availability of mathematical board games for students’ drills and practice in arithmetic, especially in mathematical statement construction, would benefit them, as this competency is an essential life skill. This research was conducted through the design and development research method with the procedure of users’ need analysis, researcher as developer capability analysis, product design, product development, field testing in its natural setting environment, and the prototype. The board game prototype was developed in both conventional printed and digital versions. The field testing for the conventional printed version was conducted at secondary school classes with 34 and 36 students, respectively, while for the digital by selected participants. The field testing shows that the developed mathematical board game can work as expected in its natural setting environment.

POLYFUNCTIONALITY OF MEDIATION STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

The article is devoted to the study of mediation strategies in the light of recent publications of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The aim of the article is to highlight the multifunctionality of mediation strategies in teaching written speech to students of technical specialties and to consider strategies for creating secondary texts of patent documentation as a product of text mediation. The following research methods were used – critical analysis of literature sources, synthesis (mediation strategies and strategies for creating a secondary text), hypothesis (multifunctionality of mediation strategies in teaching English for professional purposes), modelling (algorithm for mediation of patent documents). Given the importance for future engineers of the skills of producing professionally oriented written speech, this study aims to identify the features of the mediation strategies multifunctionality in teaching written speech to students of technical specialties. The authors added strategies to the creation of secondary texts in the form of annotations and abstracts to the mediation of the text, which is essential in the foreign language training of future engineers. Considering the secondary text as a product of the mediation process of the primary text, the authors came to the conclusion that the latter has a three-component algorithm – reception; decoding information by summarizing it, which in terms of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages includes text processing orally and in writing, if necessary, e.g., in the submission of its own article or patent application, a written text translation, an information analysis of the original text; the text mediation product (secondary text). The research material was the texts of patent information and the tasks for the development of text mediation strategies. The authors consider examples of the mediation strategies use in the process of creating summaries to the patent text by future engineers. Keywords: text mediation; secondary text; text activity; patent information; English for Specific Purposes.

Automated Multi Label Classification on Fertilizer Themed Patent Documents in Indonesia


 Patent literature research has a high scientific value for the industrial, commercial, legal, and policymaking communities. Therefore, patent analysis has become crucial. Patent topic classification is an important process in patent topic modeling analysis. However, the classification process is time-consuming and expensive, as it is usually carried out manually by an expert. Moreover, a patent document may be categorised in more than one category or label, further complicating the task. As the number of patent documents submitted increases, creating an automated patent classification system that yields accurate results becomes increasingly critical. Therefore, in this paper, we analyse the performance of two algorithms with regard to multi-label classification in patent documents: multi-label k-nearest neighbor (ML-KNN) and classifier chain k-nearest neighbor (CC-KNN), combined with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). These two methods have a considerable advantage in handling the continuously updated dataset; they also exhibit superior performance compared to other multi-label learning algorithms. This study also compares these two algorithms with the term frequency (TF)-weighting measure. The optimal value obtained is based on the following evaluation parameters: micro F1, accuracy, Hamming loss, and one error. The result shows that the ML-KNN method is better than the CC-KNN method and that the multi-label classification based on topics (patent LDA) is better than the TF-weighting technique.