Patent Databases Research Articles

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies Clinical Trials in Pediatric Oncology: A Retrospective Analysis from Clinicaltrials.Gov

Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell clinical trials are growing exponentially. Database analysis can help identify scientific trends and generate projections regarding potential approvals before the results of the studies are completed or published. This is particularly interesting in pediatric oncology, where available analyses from repository databases are scarce or not available. Because of that reason, we sought to analyze the clinical trial public records from entries related to CAR T-cell clinical studies in pediatric patients (18 years or younger) uploaded to the clinicaltrials.gov database. Methods: We query the available data from clinicaltrials.gov using the following keywords: “CAR T cell in pediatrics”, “CAR T cell and cancer”, “chimeric antigen receptor”, “CAR T AND tumor antigen”, 'CAR T cell antigens“, ”Tumor antigens targeted by CAR T cells“, ”engineered T cells“, ”modified T cell“, ”CAR T cells in Cancer“, ”CAR T cell therapy“, ”CAR T cell therapy AND Cancer“ (data cut off July-2023). The data were tabulated, and the trials that did not meet the search criteria were excluded manually. Data cleansing was performed using published scientific data, web search-based information, and patent databases. Results: We found 4297 results in the Clinicaltrials.gov platform; we excluded 3978 clinical trials that did not involve the pediatric population (<18 years) or CAR T-cell intervention. The final analysis included 319 clinical trials posted on the clinicaltrials.gov website by the cut-off date. 207 (64.9%) were conducted in China, 74 (23.2%) in the US, and 21 (6.5%) in Europe. Most CAR T-cell trials focused on hematological cancer (89%), followed by non-CNS solid tumors 8%, and CNS tumors 3%. The most frequent targets were CD19 (46%), CD7 (7%), followed by GD2, CD22, CD123, CD19 + CD22 and CD30. Most clinical trials did not report the construct generation used in their CAR T cell product (58%). Among the trials with that information, second-generation constructs (2G) were used in 32% of the studies, followed by 3G and 4G constructs (5% of studies each). Most clinical trials were in early stages of development, Phase 1 or 2 (75%). We observed a continuous increase in the number of clinical trials registered yearly, except for a small reduction in 2022 and 2021, probably related to COVID restrictions and challenges. Overall, the general trend predicts at least a 50% yearly increase in registered studies ( Figure 1). Similarly, to what is observed in adult clinical trials, the most common signaling domains are 2G CAR constructs expressing either CD28 or 4-1BB as costimulatory domains. Among those, 4-1BB being is the most popular choice. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a growing interest in the clinical development of CAR T-cell therapies applied to pediatric oncology. Most of these studies are in early phase I and II and focus primarily on hematological cancers using second-generation constructs targeting CD19. The is a steady increase in the number of studies registered each year that predicts future FDA approvals using CAR T-cell products.

The Patent and Literature Antibody Database (PLAbDab): an evolving reference set of functionally diverse, literature-annotated antibody sequences and structures.

Antibodies are key proteins of the adaptive immune system, and there exists a large body of academic literature and patents dedicated to their study and concomitant conversion into therapeutics, diagnostics, or reagents. These documents often contain extensive functional characterisations of the sets of antibodies they describe. However, leveraging these heterogeneous reports, for example to offer insights into the properties of query antibodies of interest, is currently challenging as there is no central repository through which this wide corpus can be mined by sequence or structure. Here, we present PLAbDab (the Patent and Literature Antibody Database), a self-updating repository containing over 150,000 paired antibody sequences and 3D structural models, of which over 65000 are unique. We describe the methods used to extract, filter, pair, and model the antibodies in PLAbDab, and showcase how PLAbDab can be searched by sequence, structure, or keyword. PLAbDab uses include annotating query antibodies with potential antigen information from similar entries, analysing structural models of existing antibodies to identify modifications that could improve their properties, and facilitating the compilation of bespoke datasets of antibody sequences/structures that bind to a specific antigen. PLAbDab is freely available via Github (https://github.com/oxpig/PLAbDab) and as a searchable webserver (https://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/plabdab/).

Use of Monoterpenes as Potential Therapeutics in Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Review.

Monoterpenes are secondary metabolites of plants belonging to the terpenoid class of natural products. They are the most abundant components of essential oils that are generally considered to have various pharmacological properties. These compounds are reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Due to nature's complex biosynthetic machinery, they also exhibit a reasonable degree of structural complexity/diversity for further analysis in structure-activity studies. Therefore, monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents have been investigated by recent in vitro and in vivo studies extensively reported in the scientific literature and claimed by patent documents. The purpose of this survey is to provide a comprehensive and prospective review concerning the potential applications of monoterpenes in the treatment of diabetes. The data for this research were collected through the specialized databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect between the years 2014 and 2022, as well as the patent databases EPO, WIPO, and USPTO. The research used 76 articles published in the leading journals in the field. The main effect observed was the antidiabetic activity of monoterpenes. This review showed that monoterpenes can be considered promising agents for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes as well as have a marked pharmaceutical potential for the development of bioproducts for therapeutics applications.

Sensors in postharvest technologies: Evidence from patent portfolio analysis

The objective of the present study was to provide insight into trends of sensors in postharvest of fresh produce. Patent portfolio of 881 patents obtained through a multistep refinement of the PatSnap patent database was analyzed. Intensive patenting activities started in 2014 with most patents originating from Asia, with China as the leading patenting authority. Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modelling differentiated existence of three distinct topics, out of which two are related to the application of sensors in (A) produce sorting and packaging along with related processes, and (B) produce storage, respectively. The third topic is related to the development and application of a diversity of sensors for analysis of the fresh produce and storage environment, as well as solutions for the application of sensors in monitoring, data collection and development of prediction models. The analysis of patent portfolio and trends highlights the ongoing and rapid advancement of sensing technologies in fresh produce postharvest, which has a substantial impact on the landscape of postharvest processes. Our findings indicate that these developments are poised to transform existing practices, particularly in quality and safety monitoring. Additionally, they are expected to provide comprehensive datasets that can support the broader integration of artificial intelligence into postharvest processes, ultimately leading to more coherent and efficient supply chains.

A Business Strategy Framework for Patent Pooling in the Solar Cell Supply Chain

In the green energy sector, which includes the solar cell industry, effectively combining the patents of various manufacturers within the supply chain to collectively create sustainable patent market value is of paramount importance. This study aimed to establish a business strategy framework for project-based licensing through the analysis of solar cell patents and the integration of supply chain manufacturers’ patents, with the goal of collectively creating market value for patents in a sustainable manner. The research methodology included analysis of the literature and focus group discussions. The study began with an analysis of solar cell industry patents from the past decade using the WIPS Global Patent database to identify projects with the highest patent count. Subsequently, through the use of focus group discussions, the feasibility of a patent pool strategy within the supply chain was explored. Finally, a strategy framework was proposed for project-based patent pool licensing, focusing on the top 15 projects with the highest count of 5579 patents. The results indicate that adopting this strategy framework for supply chain manufacturer patents can result in higher commercial patent value.

Patenting trends by Mexican pharmaceutical companies.

Aim: the activity of patent claims by Mexican pharmaceutical companies is unknown. Objective: analyse the trend in patents of Mexican pharmaceutical companies. Method: a search for patents was carried out in the patent database of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, using the list of Mexican pharmaceutical companies belonging to the Mexican Association of Pharmaceutical Research Industries, and the codes A61K, A61P and C07 of the International Patent Classification. Results: the leading companies in patent applications were Liomont, Senosiain and RIMSA; however, Mexican pharmaceutical companies claim very few patents, only 266 patent applications in the period 2000-2020, with a technological factor with a value of zero, and a commercial factor of little value. Conclusion: Mexican pharmaceutical companies lack a robust patent system, without growth, and with a low percentage of patents with high commercial value.

Patented Technology Innovation Portfolio in Producing Biofuel Using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) Methodology

AbstractEthanol is produced from biomass through pyrolysis, a technology creating business prospects for biofuels. The power may be utilized in turbines, engines, boilers, manufacturing, and energy production. Two of the numerous benefits of pyrolysis technology are low operational costs and simple liquid fuel storage and transportation. The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) approach of systematic innovation is compatible with patent database analysis to produce innovations used for this study. The development of biofuel pyrolysis technology can benefit from the systematic innovation provided by the TRIZ framework. Patent portfolio analysis can profit from TRIZ's unique perspective due to its utilization of three essential indicators. The first metric examines the evolution of patented technology over the previous two decades and offers recommendations for advancing the sector. Patent‐protected scientific research and technology applications give essential insight into and foresight of future technological breakthroughs in various industries.

An Analysis of the Russian Patent Situation in the Context of the Ukrainian Situation

This research analyses the Russian patent landscape, particularly focussing on the implications of the Ukrainian situation and subsequent global economic sanctions. Utilising global patent databases, the study identifies that over the last decade, 77,000 patents have been granted in Russia to foreign entities, with the largest numbers attributed to the United States, Japan, and Germany. An observable decrease in patent applications by foreign entities in Russia from 2018 onwards is documented. Amidst sanctions and Russia’s new laws limiting infringement compensation, potential isolation of Russia from global patent systems is anticipated. This isolation permits internal infringement of non-Russian patents while externally exposing Russian innovations to unimpeded global use. The data and trends presented here provide insights into the impacts of geopolitical events on international patent filings and offer a basis for evaluating the evolving functionality and utility of global patent systems amid international conflicts.

Forty-Six Years of Technological Innovation in Musculoskeletal Medicine: An Analysis of a Patent Database (1973 to 2018).

Technological innovation in orthopaedics is key to advancing patient care. As emerging technologies near maturity, clinicians must be able to objectively assess where and when these technologies can be implemented. Patent databases are an underappreciated resource for quantifying innovation, especially within orthopaedic surgery. This study used a patent database to assess patent activity and relative growth of technologies in musculoskeletal medicine and orthopaedics over a period of 46 years. A total of 121,471 patent records were indexed from Lens.org , a patent database. These patents were grouped into subspecialty clusters and technology clusters using patent codes. Five-year (2014 to 2018), 10-year (2009 to 2018), and 30-year (1989 to 2018) compound annual growth rates were calculated and compared for each cluster. Annual patent activity increased from one patent in 1973 to 4,866 patents in 2018. Of the eight subspecialty clusters, the largest number of patents were related to 'Inflammation' (n = 63,128; 40.57%). The 'Elbow', 'Shoulder', and 'Knee' clusters experienced increased annual patent activity since 2000. Of the 12 technological clusters, the largest number of patents were related to 'Drugs' (n = 55,324; 39.75%). The 'Custom/patient-specific instrumentation, 'Computer Modeling', 'Robotics', and 'Navigation' clusters saw growth in the average annual patent activity since 2000. Innovation, as measured by patent activity in musculoskeletal medicine and orthopaedics, has seen notable growth since 1973. The 'Robotics' cluster seems poised to experience exponential growth in industry investment and technological developments over the next 5 to 10 years. The 'Diagnostics', 'Computer Modeling', 'Navigation', and 'Design and Manufacturing' clusters demonstrate potential for exponential growth in industry investment and technological developments within the next 10 to 20 years.

Natural language processing for innovation search – Reviewing an emerging non-human innovation intermediary

Applying artificial intelligence (AI), especially natural language processing (NLP), to harness large amounts of information from patent databases, online communities, social media, or crowdsourcing platforms is becoming increasingly popular to help organizations find promising solutions. In the era of non-human innovation intermediaries, we should begin to view NLP not only as a useful technology applied in different innovation practices but also as an intermediary orchestrating valuable information. Previous research has not taken this perspective, and knowledge about its intermediation activities and functions is limited. This study reviews 167 academic articles to better understand how NLP approaches can enrich intermediation in early-stage innovation search. It identifies 18 distinctive innovation practices taking over activities like forecasting trends, illustrating technology and idea landscapes, filtering out distinctive contributions, recombining domain-specific and analogous knowledge, or matching problems with solutions. While certain NLP capabilities complement each other, the analysis shows that the choice of the most appropriate approach depends on the characteristics of the innovation practice. Innovation researchers and practitioners should rethink current roles and responsibilities in AI-based innovation processes. As seen in the recent emergence of large language models (LLMs), the rapidly evolving field offers many future research opportunities and practical benefits.

Technology Exploration and Technology Exploitation in Japanese Chemical Companies

This study analyses Japanese chemical companies’ performance based on open innovation activities. 19 listed chemical companies from Tokyo Stock Exchange were selected for the study. Secondary data from chemical companies' patents information and company transactions are collected through the private patent database, Derwent Innovation - Clarivate and private financial database, Thomson Reuters - Eikon. The findings indicate that open innovation practices did not improve Japanese chemical companies’ performance (return on net operating assets). Overall, neither technology exploration nor technology exploitation competencies are contributing to company performance, but one significant finding is found where divestitures of subsidiaries and joint ventures are improving company performance. In conclusion, some suggestions have been made for Japanese chemical companies to practice open innovation activities more efficiently.

Medication rules of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions for treating angina in national patent database based on multiple data mining

This study explored the medication rules of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions for the treatment of angina based on the Chinese herbal compound patents in the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration. The data of eligible Chinese herbal compound patents for the treatment of angina were collected from the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration from database inception to November 10, 2022, and subjected to data modeling, analysis of main syndromes, medication frequency analysis, cluster analysis, association rule analysis, and data visualization by using Excel 2021, IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0, IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, Cytoscape 3.9.1, and Rstudio R 4.2.2.2 to explore the medication rules for angina. The study included 636 pieces of patent data for angina that met the inclusion criteria, involving 815 drugs, with a total frequency of 6 586. The most common main syndromes were blood stasis obstructing the heart syndrome(222, 34.91%) and Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(112, 17.61%). The top 10 most frequently used drugs were Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Carthami Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Borneolum Syntheticum, and Corydalis Rhizoma. High-frequency drugs included blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs(1 197, 18.17%) and deficiency-tonifying drugs(809, 12.28%). Cluster analysis identified eight drug combinations, including five new prescriptions suitable for clinical use and new drug development, and three drug pairs. The core drug combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Carthami Flos was identified through the complex co-occurrence network analysis of Chinese medicines. Association rule analysis yielded a total of 17 rules, including 13 drug pairs and 4 tripartite combinations. Common drug pairs included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma(support degree 25.79%, confidence coefficient 69.49%, lift 1.30) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(support degree 22.01%, confidence coefficient 61.95%, lift 1.16). Common tripartite combinations included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Astragali Radix(support degree 10.85%, confidence coefficient 73.40%, lift 1.37) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(support degree 10.69%, confidence coefficient 79.07%, lift 1.48). The results showed that the underlying pathogenesis of angina involved blood stasis obstructing the heart and Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The overall nature of the disease was characterized as asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality. In the prescription formulation, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, such as Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Carthami Flos were often used to resolve the excess manifestation, which were combined with tonifying drugs such as Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to reinforce the deficiency. The syndrome, pathogenesis, disease nature, and medication were consistent with clinical practice. Additionally, the new compound prescriptions and drug combinations derived from the multiple data mining in this study could provide references and insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of angina and the development of new drugs.

Выявление перспективных способов преобразования параметров электрической энергии

This paper performs an analysis of the electric power conversion methods, and also examines the development trends of DC-to-DC, AC-to-AC, AC-to-DC and DC-to-AC power converters with the use of the International Patent Classification (2023). A comparison has been made of such different kinds of converters as power converters with intermediate conversion and without intermediate conversion into AC or DC, converters using devices of a transistor and thyristor type, and specific circuit implements corresponding to the IPC classification. Perspective directions of such converters’ development have been revealed. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the US patents databases which were formed by the authors for the IPC groups H02M3, H02M5, H02M7 within 2012 to 2023. The perspective directions were revealed by constructing time series of the US patents for the analyzed power converters and their further comparison by the issued patents number and growth patterns. As a result of research, the advantage of transistor converters circuits has been proved, the perspective development directions of the electric power parameters conversion methods as well as their implementation have been described. There was found a decrease of the issued US invention patents in the considered IPC groups by 40% within 2019 to 2022.

PATENT SEARCH METHODOLOGY IN THE PROCESS OF CREATING COMPETITIVE INVENTIONS

The article examines the patent search technique in the process of creating competitive inventions. Regulatory documents regulating patent law, the main definitions of patent science, which are designed to familiarize beginners and student youth engaged in scientific work related to innovative inventive activity, are given.The article also highlights the issue of the inventor’s inventive activity, examines the stages of search activity in the process of creating competitive inventions. The principles of classification of inventions in accordance with the International Patent Classification of Inventions by means of the information and library system Web IRBIS are considered.Thus, inventions are classified according to thematic headings by class, which makes it possible to organize descriptions of inventions and distribute them according to technical solutions.The article also provides a method of searching for patent information of different countries by means of information and search systems and the Ukrainian information and search system SIS (special information system) UKRNOIVI (Ukrainian national office of intellectual property of innovations), which allows inventors to monitor the status of paperwork for their applications for inventions. Patent search and patent research based on modern information and search systems for patents by means of the Internet allows to prevent borrowing and plagiarism in compliance with the law “On the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models”.The described method of patent search during the creation of inventions gives the inventor a significant saving of working time spent on patent search, allows the use of modern means of information and communication technologies in the process of creating competitive inventions.
 Keywords: patent search; patent purity; patent research; information search system; national patent databases; industrial property; patents; inventions; utility models.

Recovery of Lithium from Oilfield Brines—Current Achievements and Future Perspectives: A Mini Review

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the demand for lithium all over the world. Lithium is widely used primarily in the production of batteries for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, and in many other industries such as production of aluminum, ceramics, glass, polymers, greases, and pharmaceuticals. In order to maintain the balance between supply and demand for lithium on the global market, it is essential to search for alternative sources of this element. Therefore, efforts are being made to obtain lithium from unconventional sources, an example of which is the recovery of lithium from oilfield brines. This article provides an up-to-date review of the literature in this particular field based on data from different sources (scientific literature databases, patent databases, company websites and industrial online newspapers). The current achievements and future perspectives for the lithium recovery from brines generated during oil and gas extraction were critically reviewed. An emphasis was placed on chemistry of lithium-contained oilfield brines, technologies (both pretreatment and direct lithium extraction) suitable for lithium recovery and industrial results obtained from pilot trials.

Nintedanib as the First Treatment for Group of Progressive Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Review of Patent Literature.

Nintedanib is a competitive inhibitor of non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTKs) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs). Nintedanib is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein transporter, which returns ingested substances to the gastrointestinal lumen. At present, Nintedanib is being prescribed for individuals diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This assessment provides a concise overview of the latest patents pertaining to Nintedanib. The patents covered in this analysis are categorized into sections, including patents related to the active ingredient, polymorph, formulation, and treatment method. The purpose of this compilation is to offer researchers convenient access to all the relevant patents in a single resource. Information was collected from diverse web databases, including both paid and free sources. Paid databases, such as Orbit® and SciFinder® were utilized as examples. On the other hand, free databases, such as the European Patent Office's Espacenet®, WIPO Patentscope® the Indian patent database, and Google Patents, were also accessed for data gathering purposes. The orange-book listed patents for Nintedanib are set to expire in July 2029. These patents explore various excipients to address the solubility issue in the long-term storage of the formulation. However, despite these efforts, there is still a need for further research to enhance the properties of the Nintedanib formulation. Extensive research has been conducted on multiple methods for manufacturing Nintedanib and its formulations. This dynamic study has the potential to create opportunities for numerous generic companies to enter the United States market. This, in turn, will improve healthcare accessibility by lowering costs.

Key technology breakthrough in new energy vehicles: Configuration path evolution from innovative ecosystem perspective

There are still key technological bottlenecks in new energy vehicle (NEV). It is necessary to achieve key technological breakthroughs through interaction of various elements in innovation ecosystem. We constructed an innovation ecosystem with subject and environment elements as antecedent variables, and data comes from the city statistical yearbook and statistical bulletin. We constructed the comprehensive index of key technology innovation performance, and data comes from Incopat global patent database. We analyzed the sample of 62 listed NEV enterprises from 2011 to 2020 by fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). The results show that: (1) The key technological breakthrough in NEV requires interaction of multiple elements, and single element does not constitute a necessary condition; (2) The configuration of breakthrough path evolves dynamically, from infrastructure-government dual driven, to economy-service dual driven, then to technology-government dual driven, and last to technology-consumer dual driven; (3) The key elements’ necessary degrees measured by bottleneck level change dynamically. This study improves theoretical value of key technology bottleneck breakthrough based on innovation ecosystem, and provides practical value for enterprises and governments to improve effective coordinate relationship with multiple elements interaction in innovation ecosystem.

Stimulation of the immune system by liposomes with potassium orotate (review)

The review article analyzes the existing world experience in obtaining liposomes for targeted delivery of a medicinal substance potassium orotate to tissue macrophages to stimulate the immune system. The selection of literary sources was carried out on the basis of the relevance of the information and the depth of the research. It has been established that liposomes are nanocontainers, vesicles (vacuoles) formed by a two-layer lipid membrane in the inner space of which the active medicinal substance is enclosed. Liposomes are used in medicine, veterinary medicine and cosmetology for targeted delivery of substances to target cells. They can be obtained by convection method as well as the method of voicing, the method of dissolution and removal of detergent, the method of evaporation with phase reversal, etc. The search and analysis of literature sources and patent database showed that injection method and manual shaking method are widely used methods of liposome production. Another promising means of delivering active components are niosomes – vesicles based on surface-active substance. To obtain niosomes, the method of processing solutions in an ultrasonic disintegrator is used. The well-known immunostimulating agent potassium orotate was chosen as the active substance. The target cells for liposomes are tissue macrophages as the initial link in the immunological chain. In particular, they perform an antigen-presenting function, secrete a number of cytokines, etc. Testing of a drug containing liposomes with encapsulated potassium orotate in experiments on rats and pigs showed its high regenerative ability, antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory effect. Based on the literature data, a scheme of action of liposomes with encapsulated potassium orotate is proposed.

New infrastructure-lead development and green-technologies: Evidence from the Pearl River Delta, China

Understanding the interaction between infrastructure and environment is crucial for shaping resilient cities. The solution based on emerging technologies to drive sustainable transition is a key dimension. Although green transition and the enabling effects of emerging technologies have received significant attention in environmental research and economic geography, research on the role of new infrastructure in this transition is still insufficient. This study links the new infrastructure discourse with technology discourse to establish the relationship between key technologies and the patents classification system. A spatial database of new infrastructure key technologies patents for the period of 2016–2020 is constructed consequently. Through spatial analysis and econometric methods, our research revealed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of new infrastructure key technologies in the Pearl River Delta and their enabling effects on green technologies. This study is significant for the management of emerging technologies and green innovation transition in China in the new era. We believe that, despite differences in discourse, China's new infrastructure construction essentially aims to pursue emerging enabling technologies. The pursuit of disruptive technology and the urgency of green innovation transition are the core driving forces for China's integration into the global technology system.

Trofinetide for Rett Syndrome: Highlights on the Development and Related Inventions of the First USFDA-Approved Treatment for Rare Pediatric Unmet Medical Need.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unmet medical need. RTT was recognized in 1966. However, over the past 56 years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has authorized no effective treatment for RTT. Recently, Trofinetide was approved by the USFDA on 10 March 2023 as the first RTT treatment. This article underlines the pharmaceutical advancement, patent literature, and prospects of Trofinetide. The data for this study were gathered from the PubMed database, authentic websites (Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Neuren Pharmaceuticals, and USFDA), and free patent databases. Trofinetide was first disclosed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals in 2000 as a methyl group containing analog of the naturally occurring neuroprotective tripeptide called glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE). The joint efforts of Acadia Pharmaceuticals and Neuren Pharmaceuticals have developed Trofinetide. The mechanism of action of Trofinetide is not yet well established. However, it is supposed to improve neuronal morphology and synaptic functioning. The patent literature revealed a handful of inventions related to Trofinetide, providing excellent and unexplored broad research possibilities with Trofinetide. The development of innovative Trofinetide-based molecules, combinations of Trofinetide, patient-compliant drug formulations, and precise MECP2-mutation-related personalized medicines are foreseeable. Trofinetide is in clinical trials for some neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including treating Fragile X syndrome (FXS). It is expected that Trofinetide may be approved for treating FXS in the future. The USFDA-approval of Trofinetide is one of the important milestones for RTT therapy and is the beginning of a new era for the therapy of RTT, FXS, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), brain injury, stroke, and other NDDs.