Number Of Patent Applications Research Articles

Determinants of domestic value added in exports of the EU countries

AbstractEconomies, including the European Union, face the risk of losing ability to maintain their competitive positions on the global scale and of related inability to generate value added up to satisfactory degree. We therefore examine factors assumedly having positive impact on the domestic value added in exports, as a recently introduced key indicator of country's export competitiveness, reported in the TiVA database. The main aim of our paper is to test, for the selected countries, the relationships of the domestic value added in exports with the following factors: (1) number of patent applications per million inhabitants, (2) foreign direct investment per capita, (3) business expenditure on research and development as a percentage of GDP and (4) resource productivity as control variable. We prove by panel data analysis that the domestic value added in exports increases with an increase in all deployed independent variables as well as in control variable.

An analysis of the key drivers of the Japanese digital therapeutics patents: A cross-sectional study.

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are software or other tools that support or implement medical practices such as disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment using digital technology. DTx has been approved in Japan, and it is anticipated that the number of approvals will increase in the future. DTx differs from conventional medical devices in that its primary purpose is treatment. This study aims to identify the key drivers of DTx in Japan by analyzing patents in the field of medical information, including DTx. This study visualizes the results of patent analyses for DTx and examines patent applications that feature applied technology and indications in the medical information field as the key drivers. The study will also employ patent citation analysis. It can be argued that the more citations a patent receives, the more similar research and development activities are being conducted, and the greater the competition. The number of citations per patent application will also be calculated to help identify areas where the value per patent application is high and competition intensifies. A patent citation matrix analysis will be conducted for notable Japanese companies in the DTx field. The citation matrix analysis consists of the number of citations and the company's selfcitation ratio to visualize the patent value. This study investigates the key drivers of DTx by analyzing patent technologies, focusing on patent applications with a high number of citations or a high selfcitation ratio. Key drivers of digital therapeutics were examined by analyzing patents in the fields of healthcare informatics and diagnostics. In terms of the number of patent applications and citations in Japan, numerous patents were related to "applications," "sensors," "medical imaging," "central nervous system/psychiatry," and "heart." As a result, Japanese companies are expected to conduct R&D with an eye toward overseas expansion.

FDI in services and firm innovation

This study explores how FDI in services impacts manufacturing firms’ innovation, using China's FDI access relaxation in services as an exogenous shock. Our findings indicate that FDI in services significantly reduces firms’ innovation. Firms with greater openness to FDI in services have significantly lower numbers of patent applications and citations. FDI in services leads to an increase in foreign input imports but a decrease in innovation investment, with more pronounced effects on firms relying more on foreign inputs. We suggest that FDI in services encourages the use of foreign inputs by reducing their relative costs, thereby crowding out innovation. Human capital, Internet, and subsidy can mitigate the negative effects of FDI in services on innovation.

Learning mechanisms and technological innovation performance: a study of China’s mobile phone manufacturing firms

ABSTRACT This article analyses the relationship between learning mechanisms and technological innovation performance in less developed countries’ (LDCs) firms participating in global value chains (GVCs). For this purpose, patent production functions of China’s mobile phone manufactures were estimated using an original dataset. In estimating the functions, we analysed how firms’ learning mechanisms through global suppliers, customers in China and other LDCs, and research institutes correlate with the number of patent applications. The main findings are: along with firms’ in-house R&D efforts, learnings from LDC customers and research institutions positively correlate with the amount of innovation, even in firms with less absorptive capacity. There is no positive correlation between learning from global suppliers and patent applications, although positive correlation may emerge as local firms accumulate sufficient absorptive capacity. The results highlight the importance of learning via broadly defined local innovation systems in enhancing technological innovation in LDC firms participating in GVCs.

Do environmental, social, and governance scores improve green innovation? Empirical evidence from Chinese-listed companies.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has become a buzzword in investment circles as ecological damage and climate warming occur. ESG assessment is one of the important institutions of the green financial system, which plays a significant part in boosting corporate green development. We use the number of green patent applications and green patent citations to measure corporate green innovation and analyze the micro-green effects of the ESG score system using the panel fixed effects models, which means that we explore the impact of the ESG scores on corporate green innovation performance, the specific mechanism of this effect, and the asymmetry of this impact under different moderation effects by using Chinese listed A-shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010-2019 as our research sample. We find that ESG positively affects corporate green innovation; the higher the ESG evaluation, the more it improves firms' green innovation performance. The promotion effect is reflected quantitatively and qualitatively and remains valid after several robustness tests. In addition, the contribution of ESG to corporate green innovation is achieved through two main paths improving corporate investment efficiency and government-enterprise relations. Corporate black attributes inhibit the contribution of ESG to green innovation, while green attributes strengthen the contribution of ESG to green innovation performance. Our study demonstrates the importance of corporate participation in environmental, social, and governance practices for corporate green innovation, which is beneficial for achieving win-win environmental, social, and economic results. Furthermore, our research completes the research on the effects of corporate green performance and green finance. It can provide empirical references for promoting corporate green development and improving the ESG evaluation system.

(241) Shaeer’s Cavernotome: A New Cavernotome to Facilitate Penile Prosthesis Implantation into Scarred Corporal Bodies

Abstract Introduction Penile prosthesis implantation into scarred corporal bodies is one of the most challenging prosthetic urology procedures, with high risks of corporal perforation, urethral laceration & lack of success. Objective: We introduce a novel Cavernotome (patent application number PCT/EG2021/050003) which cuts the channel as it is passed forward. The instrument relies on controlled coring rather than forward stabbing, with resected tissue accumulated into the hollow core. Objective We introduce a novel Cavernotome (patent application number PCT/EG2021/050003) which cuts the channel as it is passed forward. The instrument relies on controlled coring rather than forward stabbing, with resected tissue accumulated into the hollow core. Methods After ethical committee approval, we utilized the cavernotome in 18 patients with severe corporal fibrosis. Scarring was due to penile prosthesis removal after infection in twelve patients, and neglected ischemic priapism in six. Surgical Procedure: Surgery is performed through a peno-scrotal incision with urethral catheter placed for identification. Corporotomies are 2-5 cm long depending on the implant to be used. A 2cm core of fibrous tissue is excised with scalpel or electrosurgical pencil. The appropriate size for Shaeer’s Cavernotome (ShC) is determined according to the maximum that fits in the fore mentioned excavated space, mostly size 11 Hegar. ShC is advanced proximally and distally in a screwing / coring motion, rather than the customary oscillating or forward thrusting motion. To prevent inadvertent direction, the stretched corpus is held between the thumb and index fingers of the non-dominant hand ahead of the tip. ShC doubles as a sizer with a ruler marked on the shaft. Following coring, the excavated corpora and crura are dilated with minimal resistance using Hegar or Brook’s dilators. Penile prosthesis implantation proceeds in the usual fashion. The surgical technique is available at VJPU: https://www.vjpu-issm.info/videos/peer-reviewed/1-penile-prosthesis-malleable-inflatable-penile-prosthesis-ipp/1-a-first-time-implant/item/198-shaeer-s-cavernotome Results Prosthesis implantation was successful in 17 out of 18 patients. In one patient, coring was not possible. the corpora were thinned out and calcified. Size 6 ShC could not be introduced. Corporal reconstruction was performed. Average coring time was 8 minutes. Dilation to 13mm Hegar in 12 patients, and 11mm in 5. The implant used was Rigicon Rigi10® (n=12), Rigicon Infla10® (n=2) and Coloplast Genesis® (n=3). No perforations or infections in the 17 successful implantations. Conclusions Shaeer’s Cavernotome is a new instrument that, in its initial study by the inventor, facilitates penile prosthesis implantation into scarred corporal bodies. Disclosure No

The Role of Green Finance in Green Innovation: Global Perspective from 75 Developing Countries

ABSTRACT Green finance provides an important impetus to green innovation and sustainable development. This study investigates the connection between green finance and green innovation using cross-country panel data that cover 75 developing countries from 2000 to 2019. First, we find that green finance significantly boosts the number of green patent applications in developing countries, which is crucial for promoting green development. Second, we divide countries according to whether they are members of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership or the Belt and Road Initiative, and their environmental performance. Heterogeneity results show in countries with poor environmental performance, non-RCEP member countries, and non-BRI member countries that the contribution of green funding is more obvious and significant. Furthermore, we consider several cross-items to explore how green finance influences green innovation differently depending on the circumstance, such as the degree of corruption, political stability, and government effectiveness. Overall, our findings highlight the key role that green finance plays in advancing green innovation, particularly for emerging economies that urgently need a policy foundation for green innovation and sustainable development.

Technology-oriented M&A, market reaction and innovation output

PurposeThe purpose of technology mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is to achieve innovation. The authors use the data from the China Patent Research System of China National Intellectual Property Administration to classify technical correlations into three types: similar, complementary and nonrelatedness (cross-sectoral category). And the authors explore three issues: the market reaction to technology-oriented M&A, the impact of technology-oriented M&A on goodwill and how technology-oriented M&A affects innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from China Patent Research System of China National Intellectual Property Administration to classify technical correlations into three types: similar, complementary and nonrelatedness (cross-sectoral category). And the authors explore three issues: the market reaction of technology-oriented M&A, the impact of technology-oriented M&A on goodwill and how technology-oriented M&A affects innovation. The empirical research shows that the cross-sectoral M&A is popular in the market and is positively correlated with cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and premium rate of M&A. However, the technology-similarity M&A, which is committed to in-depth exploration of original technology, is negatively correlated with CAR and goodwill.FindingsThe empirical research shows that cross-sectoral M&A is popular in the market and is positively correlated with CAR and premium rate of M&A. However, the technology-similarity M&A, which is committed to in-depth exploration of original technology, is negatively correlated with CAR and goodwill. In addition, empirical results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between technology-oriented M&A and innovation output, and the inflection points are 41.8%, 48.9% and 38.8%, respectively.Originality/valueThe research contributions of this paper are as follows: first, most domestic studies simply and roughly measure the degree of technical relevance based on whether the firms belong to the same industry and whether there is common knowledge between them, but the authors provide a more accurate measure of technology-oriented M&A. Second, in the research on the economic consequences of technology-oriented M&As, a large number of literatures have mainly focused on the innovation performance of the acquirer after deals, including the number of patent applications, the number of patent citations, innovation output, etc., and they pay less attention to its impact on the market reaction and goodwill.

Shaeer's Cavernotome for Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Scarred Corpora Cavernosa.

Penile prosthesis implantation in scarred corporal bodies is one of the most challenging urologic procedures, with high risks of perforation and/or failure. We present Shaeer's Cavernotome (patent application number PCT/EG2021/050003). This is the forward-cutting cavernotome that relies on the principle of controlled coring and grinding rather than forward stabbing, with fibrous tissue accommodated into the hollow core, thereby ensuring high efficacy and low risk of perforation. This is a prospective study involving 18 patients with severe corporal scarring. Surgery is performed through a peno-scrotal incision with an indwelling urethral catheter. Corporotomies are incised and a 2-cm-long core of fibrous tissue is excised with a scalpel. Shaeer's Cavernotome is introduced and lodged against the fibrous tissue. Coring proceeds with the stretched corpus or crus held between the thumb and index fingers of the non-dominant hand as a guide, ahead of the tip. Shaeer's cavernotome doubles as a sizer. Following coring, penile prosthesis implantation proceeds. Dilation of the corpora cavernosa was successful in 17 out of 18 patients. Average coring time was 8 ± 3.2 minutes. Dilation was up to girth 13 Hegar in 12 patients, and 11 in 5. No perforations or infections were encountered. Shaeer's cavernotome facilitates penile prosthesis implantation in scarred corporal bodies. Full excavation of both corpora cavernosa is achievable in less than 10 minutes, with a low risk for perforation.

Validity of Brazilian Patents for Imported Pesticides for Use on Soybean and Sugarcane

Pesticides are designed to protect crops against pests and thereby ensure good harvests. Brazil is a major producer of soybean and sugarcane, competing with the USA on the world market. However, Brazil’s dependency on agricultural pesticides is very high. The aim of the research was to identify the pesticides most imported to Brazil for use on soybean and sugarcane, as well as whether or not the technology is patent-protected in Brazil. The Derwent Innovations Index database was accessed to survey the world's patent filings for insecticides, fungicides and herbicides.The Merck Index was used to identify the numbers of the priority patent applications for each of the pesticides. The Espacenet database was used for identification to patent family. The database of the Brazilian patent office, Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), was accessed to consult the patent were still valid or had already expired. An analysis of the data reveals that many of the pesticides used on Brazilian crops were patented over 30 years ago. This study found that 84% of the pesticides imported to Brazil can be used on soybean and sugarcane. Although most of these compounds are no longer protected by patents, the Brazilian market is still dominated by their original manufacturers.

The negative effects of the US-China trade war on innovation: Evidence from the Chinese ICT industry

Many countries, including China, have gradually realized the importance of leading innovation capabilities in the world market. The innovation capabilities of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry have received widespread attention as an important means to stimulate a productivity revolution in the new era and its innovative development. This paper adopts a differences-in-differences method and treats the US-China trade war as a quasi-natural experiment to empirically analyze its impact on technological innovation in the Chinese ICT industry. The results find that the US-China trade war has a significant negative impact on ICT firms' technological innovation, mainly by increasing their operating costs, and that the negative impact of the trade war is much greater than the positive impact from the reverse incentive effect. Moreover, the decline in technological innovation of ICT firms is mainly due to the reduction in innovation efficiency caused by the decrease in the number of patent applications for inventions with the highest technological content, rather than the change in R&D investment. In the US-China trade war, firms with low financing constraints and non-state enterprises are more significantly affected. Thus, it can be seen that the intention of the US-China trade war to inhibit the development of Chinese high-technology firms has been achieved to a certain extent, which requires new countermeasures from the Chinese government.

Emerging Perspectives of Blockchains in Food Supply Chain Traceability Based on Patent Analysis

In the field of blockchain (BC) technology application in the food supply chain (FSC), a patent portfolio is collected, described, and analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling, with the aim of obtaining insight into technology trends in this emerging and promising field. A patent portfolio consisting of 82 documents was extracted from patent databases using PatSnap software. The analysis of latent topics using LDA indicates that inventions related to the application of BCs in FSCs are patented in four key areas: (A) BC-supported tracing and tracking in FSCs; (B) devices and methods supporting application of BCs in FSCs; (C) combining BCs and other ICT technologies in FSC; and (D) BC-supported trading in FSCs. Patenting of BC technology applications in FSCs started during the second decade of the 21st century. Consequently, patent forward citation has been relatively low, while the family size confirms that application of BCs in FSCs is not yet widely accepted. A significant increase in the number of patent applications was registered after 2019, indicating that the number of potential users in FSCs is expected to grow over time. The largest numbers of patents originate from China, India, and the US.

Spatial network and driving factors of low-carbon patent applications in China from a public health perspective.

The natural disasters and climate anomalies caused by increasing global carbon emissions have seriously threatened public health. To solve increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, the Chinese government has committed itself to achieving the goals of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. The low-carbon patent application is an important means to achieve these goals and promote public health. This study analyzes the basic situation, spatial network, and influencing factors of low-carbon patent applications in China since 2001 at the provincial and urban agglomeration levels using social network analysis based on data from the Incopat global patent database. The following findings are established. (1) From the number of low-carbon patent applications, the total number of low-carbon patent applications in China increased year by year, while the number of applications in the eastern region was larger than those in the central and western regions, but such regional differences had been decreasing. (2) At the interprovincial level, low-carbon patent applications showed a complex and multithreaded network structure. In particular, the eastern coastal provinces occupied the core position in the network. The weighted degree distribution of China's interprovincial low-carbon patent cooperation network is affected by various factors, including economic development, financial support, local scientific research level, and low-carbon awareness. (3) At the urban agglomeration level, the eastern coastal urban agglomerations showed a radial structure with the central city as the core. Urban innovation capability, economic development, low-carbon development awareness, level of technology import from overseas, and informatization level are highly correlated with the weighted degree of low-carbon cooperation networks of urban agglomerations. This study provides ideas for the construction and governance of low-carbon technology innovation system and perspectives for theoretical research on public health and high-quality development in China.

Digital finance and corporate innovation: evidence from China

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate the impact of digital finance on corporate innovation based on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2017. We find that digital finance has a significant promotion effect on corporate innovation. The development of digital finance promotes enterprise innovation, increasing the number of patent applications and authorizations. The development of digital finance mainly promotes corporate innovation through two channels. First, digital finance improves bank competition and credit availability to promote corporate innovation; second, digital finance reduces financing constraints and financing costs of enterprises to promote corporate innovation. We also conduct a rich set of robustness tests and obtain consistent conclusions.

Identification of parameters of a combined piece-linear regression model

Subject of research: the problem of estimating the parameters of a combined piecewise linear regression model.
 Purpose of research: to apply the apparatus of linear Boolean programming to identify its parameters. 
 Methods and objects of research: the object of research is a set of indicators of inventive activity in the Russian Federation, the methods are regression analysis and mathematical programming.
 Main results of research: an approach to estimating the parameters of a combined piecewise linear regression model by using the method of least modules is described, which makes it possible to reduce this problem to a linear Boolean programming problem. A combined piecewise linear model of inventive activity in the Russian Federation has been constructed, which can be used in various analytical and predictive calculations. The output variable of the model is the number of patent applications, and the input variable is the volume of gross domestic product, the number of graduate students and teaching staff.

Armenia's Innovation Output: What Should We Do?

In the paper, the indicators characterizing the innovation output of RA have been studied and analyzed, particularly patent applications, utility models, trademarks, high-tech exports, ICT services exports, and several other indicators typical to creative activity. Armenia is generally in a better position with innovation output than in innovation input. However, in the past, the RA innovation input/innovation output ratio, or in other words, efficiency, was higher. Most indicators characterizing the output have an increasing tendency, however, the number of patent applications has decreased in recent years. At the same time, the number of patent applications registered in the USA by the RA residents is increasing. If the trend continues, it is possible that in the RA, as in several developed European countries, the number of patent applications registered in the national patent office will be significantly less than those registered in the USA. The analysis shows that in recent years there is a tendency to decrease the number of aggregate patent applications of the RA residents. The study of international experience shows that innovation vouchers are widely used in many countries to encourage patenting and innovation activities in general, so policymakers in this direction in the RA should also consider the possibilities of using this tool.

РОЗВИТОК ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У ХХІ СТОЛІТТІ У ЗРІЗІ ПАТЕНТНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТА ВИТРАТ НА R&D

The paper presents research on the identification of opportunities and ways of developing innovative activity in some of the countries based on the study of patent activity. A methodological approach was used to research some patent applications and research and development costs. Innovations are implemented in production but are generated mostly by the scientific environment. The basis of research is based on the period until 2020 to exclude quarantine restrictions and the Russian-Ukrainian war, which significantly affected a significant number of indicators. The decisive factor in deciding on the production of a patent and innovative product is the volume of expenses for scientific activity and conducting research. Based on statistical data, an assessment and analysis of patent activity by research and development costs (as a percentage of the gross domestic product of some countries) were carried out. Changes in the patent activity of Ukraine from 1996 to 2020 concerning research and development expenditures as a percentage of the gross domestic product were analyzed. It was determined that in Ukraine there was no increase in the number of funds for research, but the patent activity changed in several phases. Basically, this change depends on the political and economic situation in the country and changes in patent legislation. The number of patent applications in the world by industry is determined by the priority of their economic development. The small number of international applications submitted by Ukraine indicates the low level of development of these industries in our country. A result is a determined place of Ukraine in comparison with other countries regarding the dependence of costs on the development of new technologies and their creation as objects of intellectual property law, in particular inventions. The practical results of the research can be used to forecast the development of the domestic innovative infrastructure and implement forecasts in the financing of research works and infrastructure, as well as in the change of Ukrainian legislation in connection with its harmonization with European legislation.

Examining the Growth of Regional Science and Technology Clusters in the Global Economy

Relevance. Creating policies to stimulate innovation as part of national economic development requires a more in-depth understanding of the current trends, especially the role of science and technology (S&T) clusters. In this study, we use patent and publication data to identify key S&T clusters and leading countries. The lessons learned from their experiences offer valuable guidance for other nations striving for consistent progress in research and development. Research objective. The study aims to assess how well innovation processes are organized in S&T clusters; to identify the factors and drivers influencing the development of these clusters in the global economy; and to determine the competitive advantages of the top countries in terms of patent applications and publication activity. Data and methods. Using the cluster approach employed in the methodology of the Global Innovation Index, we conducted a comparative analysis of the annual data and indicators published in this index related to patent and publication activity. Results. Our analysis has revealed 20 key fields in S&T clusters, the leading positions being occupied by medical, digital, and computer technologies, as well as the pharmaceutical industry. In terms of patent and publication activity, the top countries in the ranking of S&T clusters are the USA, Japan, Germany, and China. Although these countries maintained their leadership in the given period (2017-2021), all of them, except for China, demonstrated a decrease in their share in the indicators under consideration. Conclusions. A country is included in the ranking of the Global Innovation Index of S&T clusters when it exhibits a high quality of fundamental and applied research, as evidenced by its levels of publication and patent activity. To establish successful clusters eligible for ranking, a country should primarily formulate policies aimed at improving the quality of research and development. These policies should also facilitate growth in the key performance indicators, such as the number of patent applications and publication activity.

Developments in the Field of Innovations in China and Chinese Exports

The aim of the paper is to examine whether efforts aimed at expanding Chinese innovations are reflected by changes in Chinese exports. To achieve the aim the combination of both qualitative and quantitative approach was used incorporating linear regression analysis. The results show that China has firmly established itself as one of the leaders in innovations, as expressed in terms of patent applications, as well as of research and development expenditure. Although this achievement has not been accompanied by unambiguously positive development in the export share of high-tech products, the share of domestic value added in Chinese exports has been increasing continuously since 2010. With positive annual increase in the number of patent applications by residents per million inhabitants as well as in the research and development expenditure (as a percentage of gross domestic product), a positive annual increase in the domestic value added share in gross export may be expected with two years lag. These results indicate that China’s innovation-driven development strategy has positive impact on increasing the domestic value added in export, thus improving the competitive position of China on global markets. Even though several studies may be found showing that innovation had a positive impact on export performance at the level of companies in China, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing country level data analysis considering the origin of exported value added. When interpreting results of this study, certain limitations should be borne in mind. First, as the value of Chinese innovations may be challenged, patent applications as a measure of innovation could overestimate China's innovation capability. Second, only a limited number of observations including time series from 2005 to 2016 was available for the quantitative analysis, with respect to the used trade in valued added indicator. These limitations could be addressed in future research.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЗАЩИТЫ ИНФОРМАЦИИ ВО ВСЕМИРНОЙ СЕТИ: ПАТЕНТНАЯ АНАЛИТИКА

The article analyzes the patenting of information security technologies on the Internet. Today, the Internet has become as real a space as our lives. Through it, we learn news, weather, shop in stores, meet and communicate with loved ones in instant messengers and social networks, attend cultural and educational events, get distance education and even paid remote work. In 2019–2021 the worldwide pandemic has given a big impetus to the development of Internet technologies and Internet security. The world has become even more convinced of the value of Internet services and after the pandemic, many business processes of enterprises began to be based on remote technologies. Together with the development of Internet services, secure technologies that eliminate their destabilization began to actively develop. The article considers the general patenting situation at the end of 2021. The leaders and outsiders of patenting were identified, promising areas are analyzed, which in the near future will become an integral part of security on the Internet. The work examined a base including 938,508 patent applications and patents themselves, located in an open patent base lens.org. The total number of patent applications and current patents was revealed, the dynamics of patenting was presented, leading countries were found, companies and inventors engaged in promising developments in the field of information protection on the Internet were identified. The most promising directions were found in accordance with the international patent classification.