Ultra-wideband Patch Antenna Research Articles

Ultrawideband Patch Antenna With Inhomogeneous Artificial Magnetic Conductor and Nearly Constant Radiation Pattern for Breast Tumor Detection

Ultrawideband Patch Antenna With Inhomogeneous Artificial Magnetic Conductor and Nearly Constant Radiation Pattern for Breast Tumor Detection

A novel textile-based UWB patch antenna for breast cancer imaging

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide, and detecting cancer at an early stage increases the survival rate by 97%. In this study, a novel textile-based ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna was designed and modeled to work in the 2–11.6 GHz frequency range and a simulation was used to test its performance in early breast cancer detection. The antenna was designed with an overall size of 31*31 mm 2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^2$$\\end{document} using a denim substrate and 100% metal polyamide-based fabric with copper, silver, and nickel to provide comfort for the wearer. The designed antenna was tested in four numerical breast models. The models ranged from simple tumor-free to complex models with small tumors. The size, structure, and position of the tumor were modified to test the suggested ability of the antenna to detect cancers with different shapes, sizes, and positions. The specific absorption rate (SAR), return loss (S11), and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) were calculated for each model to measure the antenna performance. The simulation results showed that SAR values were between 1.6 and 2 W/g (10 g SAR) and were within the allowed range for medical applications. Additionally, the VSWR remained in an acceptable range from 1.15 to 2. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, the antenna return losses of the four models ranged from -\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}36 to -\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}18.5 dB. The effect of bending was tested to determine the flexibility. The antenna proved to be highly effective and capable of detecting small tumors with diameters of up to 2 mm.

UWB TAPERED-SLOT PATCH ANTENNA WITH RECONFIGURABLE DUAL BAND-NOTCHES CHARACTERISTICS

An ultra-wideband patch antenna (UWB) that makes use of tapered slot technology is designed and analyzed in this article. Coplanar waveguide feeds the projected antenna. The presented antenna displayed superior UWB performances with -10 dB return-loss bandwidth, ranging from 1.9 to 12 GHz. The projected slot antenna has another benefit of minimizing the interference effect of the narrow band communications conducted by two notch bands operating at 3.3–3.8 GHz (WiMAX) and 5.1-6 GHz (WLAN and HIPERLAN/2), respectively. The Dual-Bands rejection is generated by etching out a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) from the patch and placing a trapezoidal split ring resonator (TSRR). Adaptable single or dual-band rejection characteristics have been added to the behavior of the UWB antenna, by mounting electronic switching across SRR and CSRR. Furthermore, the presented UWB slot antenna is printed on an FR4-epoxy substrate (εr = 4.4) and it has an overall size of . 55x48x1.5 mm3

UWB ANTENNA WITH TRIPLE BAND NOTCH CHARACTERISTICS

This study presents a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna with three band notches for use in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. On a FR4 substrate with dimensions of 15 mm, 20 mm, and 1.4 mm, a modified circular patch with microstrip fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is created with a fractional bandwidth of 133%. The small antenna operates at 2.45 GHz, which is frequently necessary for the effective operation of ISM usage. The bandwidth used by UWB systems and the current bands is the same. The suggested antenna is ISM band-compatible (1.5-3.29 GHz). Triple notches are used in this design to reject interference from the downlink X- and C-bands. The results from simulations and measurements show good agreement. In this article, a resolution to the problems of interference and miniaturization is proposed.

ADVANCED ULTRAWIDEBAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WEARABLE AND WBAN APPLICATIONS

Present communication devices are adopting an application-centric approach with the integration of electronic gadgets into wearable accessories in recent years. This paper presents a wearable antenna with a flexible textile substrate. The design comprises a low-profile, textile-based UWB (3.1-10.6 GHz) antenna of 25 × 20 × 1 mm<sup>3</sup> size with a defected ground structure. Design antenna performance characteristics have been simulated in Computer Simulation Technology studio. It offers a gain of 4.204 dBi at 5.11 GHz frequency and 2.993 dBi at 7.39 GHz frequency using a cotton substrate with a 1.6 dielectric constant. A simulated testing of the design antenna on a human body phantom has resulted in a gain of 0.697 dBi with a return loss of -30.863dB and 1.058 VSWR at 5.3125 GHz frequency. A specific absorption rate value of 1.64 W/kg of the designed antenna for 10 g tissue shows that it is safe for the human body. The patch antenna of the paper is promising for wearable, medical imaging, tumor detection, and other wireless body area network (WBAN) biomedical applications.

Loaded notched dual compact rectangular ultra-wideband applications monopole antenna

This work presents a rectangular of microstrip ultra wideband patch antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and wireless local area network (WLAN) with a dual band-notched feature. The planned an antenna consists the rectangular of patch antenna with the largely deficient of ground structure. Through inserting slots in the radiating patch, dual notch characteristics may be produced. The suggested antenna is 20×30×1.6 mm 3 in volume. The first notch, made by slots operating at the first notch, produced by slots running at 3.5 GHz, for Wi-Max (from 3.3-3.7 GHz), while of a second, created by slots operating at 5.5 GHz, for WLAN (from 5.1-5.8 GHz). An antenna covers the whole ultra-wideband frequency range (3.1-10.6 GHz). Computer simulation technology (CST) 2021 simulation software used for simulate proposed of antenna. A simulated antenna’s emission pattern is almost omnidirectional, and the recommended antenna’s gain is approximately constant over the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum, excluding notch areas.

Textile UWB 5G Antenna for Human Blood Clot Measurement

The antenna plays an essential role in the medical industry. The short-range 5th Generation (5G) communication can be used for seamless transmission, reception, patient monitoring, sensing and measuring various processes at high speeds. A passive Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna, used as a sensor in the measurement of Prothrombin Time (PT) i.e., blood clot is being proposed. The investigated micro-strip patch UWB antenna operating in the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz consists of a circular patch with a diamond-shaped slot made of jeans substrate material with good sensing properties is accomplished by adjusting the copper thickness of the patch. Due to the turbidity in blood plasma, PT measurement is the repetitive approach to get accurate value. In order to solve this issue, an antenna is designed, fabricated and analysed to obtain the accurate PT measurements from blood plasma. The blood clotting is observed by electromagnetic emitted voltage converted into the frequency range of 5 to 10 GHz and voltage range of 0.66 to 0.87 mV. The circular UWB antenna is constructed employing jean’s substrate with a partial ground plane to improve the S-parameter, gain, bandwidth and performance characteristics. The proposed antenna with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value within the acceptable range can be used as a wearable device in the human body, leveraging 5G technology. This antenna is well suited for various other applications like wireless sensors, wearable devices and short-range communication applications.

Investigation and Analysis of EM Pulse Propagation Inside Human Head for High-Resolution UWB Elliptical SAR Imaging

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging system based on an elliptical synthetic aperture radar (ESAR) is proposed as a possible solution for human head imaging. The system along with the image reconstruction method operates in the time domain. We have adopted the global back-projection technique to an elliptical trajectory of data acquisition, to shape around the head. A miniaturized, low profile custom-designed, UWB patch antenna capable of operating in the proximity of the head tissues is used as a sensor. The antenna aperture impedance is matched to the head tissues to enable pumping radiating electromagnetic waves into the human head needles of any coupling liquid. The impact of operational bandwidth and radiated power on system key performance factors i.e., penetration depth, range-resolution, and safety aspects are fully investigated based on calculations as well as full-wave simulations. It is observed that by increasing the bandwidth of radiated pulse from 0.8∼2.8 GHz (which was used in most of the previous works) to 1.0∼5.2 GHz, the range resolution can be improved remarkably from 23.0 mm to 16.0 mm deep inside the head. However, further increase in operational bandwidth will not improve the resolution of the system and a significant fraction of the radiated power will be dissipated in the brain tissues. To demonstrate the system performance, a constellation of 12 antenna elements is placed in an elliptical shape directly attached to the 3D phantom to acquire the raw data using full-wave simulations. Finally, an image from a 3D MRI-derived phantom is reconstructed to validate the imaging capability of the designed system. The proposed system can be used as a tool for early diagnosis as well as for treatment monitoring while getting therapy like chemo or radiotherapies.

Analysis of tumor in the breast using UWB textile antenna

AbstractCancer is the most frequent and deadly disease, with an increasing number of cancer patients and deaths. Breast cancer is becoming the most common type of cancer among women. This paper describes an octagonal‐shaped ultrawide band patch antenna with a denim substrate having a dielectric constant of 1.7. Various positions of the tumor inside the breast phantom are analyzed by the designed antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio. Multiple tumors are traced by specific absorption rate analysis. The frequency range covered by the antenna is 2.4–10.1 GHz.

Novel measurement technique to detect breast tumor based on the smallest form factor of UWB patch antenna

AbstractA small ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna for microwave breast imaging (MWI) applications is shown off in this paper. However, to improve the antenna performance relating to the bandwidth (BW), the radiating element of the suggested antenna is modified by adding slits in the patch as well as the ground plane. The proposed prototype has a relatively small size of 20 × 19 × 1.6 mm3and it accomplishes a return loss below −10 dB (S11< −10 dB) at an overall BW of 7 GHz (4–11 GHz) with more than 3 dBi realized gain. The antenna is designed and simulated by using a finite integration technique-based simulator. In this way, the characteristics of the fabricated antenna are measured to examine the antenna performance. Indeed, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios are also noticed for the same frequency range. In the final analysis, a simulation model of the antennas, that operate as a transceiver, and a breast phantom model with tumor sample is proposed for detecting cancerous tumor cells within the breast. Hence, the proposed approach is suitable for UWB based MWI applications in tumor cell detection.

Circularly polarized quasi-rectangular patch UWB antenna for GPR applications

In this paper, a Circularly Polarized (CP) rectangular patch Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna is presented for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications. The designed geometry is constructed of a quasi-rectangular radiator and a partial ground plane. It is printed on the low-cost FR-4 substrate that has a compact size of 25?30?1.5 mm3. The calculated Impedance Bandwidth (IBW) of the proposed CP quasi-rectangular patch antenna is spanning from 3.16 GHz to 13.7 GHz (125.03%). Moreover, the measured IBW of the fabricated prototype is spanning from 3.2 GHz to greater than 14 GHz (>125.58%) which covers the entire UWB range. Besides, the designed antenna reveals a wide Axial Ratio Band-Width (ARBW) extending from 4.23 GHz to 7.02 GHz (49.6%). Therefore, stable radiation patterns with an agreeable peak gain and high radiation efficiency are simulated over the whole working bandwidth.

Multilayered metamaterials array antenna based on artificial magnetic conductor's structure for the application diagnostic breast cancer detection with microwave imaging

In this work, a small multilayer ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna for microwave breast imaging (MWI) applications was developed both theoretically and experimentally. However, to improve the antenna performance relating to the bandwidth (BW), the radiating element of the suggested initial antenna is modified by adding a modified split ring resonator (SRR) and slits in the patch as well as the ground plane. Then, to achieve the requisite antenna properties for MWI applications such as the gain and directivity, the antenna is equipped with a uniplanar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure made up of a 3 × 3 array of square modified SRR unit cells. The final proposed prototype has a relatively small size of 20 × 19 × 1.6 mm3 and it accomplishes a return loss below -10 dB (S11< -10 dB) at overall BW of 7 GHz (4.1 – 9.7 GHz) with more than 5 dBi realized gain. In this way, the characteristics of the fabricated antenna are measured to examine the antenna performance. Indeed, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios are also noticed for the same frequency range. In the final analysis, a simulation model of the antennas, which operate as a transceiver, and a breast phantom model with tumor sample are proposed for detecting cancerous tumor cells within the breast.Hence, the proposed design is suitable in the biomedical applications such as tumor cell detection.

A compact ultra-wide band patch antenna using defected ground structure

A compact ultra-wide band patch antenna using defected ground structure

DESIGN OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA WITH NOTCHED BANDS TO REJECTING UNWANTED BANDWIDTH

Design of Ultra-Wideband ring patch antenna with a band notch is presented in this study. The elliptical antenna is modified to Ultra-wideband at a range (3.1-10.6) GHz using a Microstrip patch antenna with the feedline impedance 50 ohm and rectangular each side of the elliptical patch has a slot. The dimensions optimized by the sweep parameter for the proposed antenna are (40 x 40 x 1.6) mm3 to provide a band notch and remove the (3.1–3.7 GHz) WiMAX band and (7.1 GHz) X-band, a rectangular-shaped slot etched on the patch is used. Inserting slots changing the current distribution is used in the patch to control the band notches. The results demonstrate that the suggested X-band and WiMAX designs are removed, with a 5.35dB peak gain and an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and suited for UWB.

Design of UWB microstrip patch antenna with variable band notched characteristics

Recently lower frequency band 4.5−5.5 GHz is proposed by the ASEAN countries for 5G cellular application and therefore, it is essential of designing an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for the particular band-notched characteristics. In this article, a compact tuning fork shape ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna with a variable band-notched characteristic has been proposed for 5G cellular application. The UWB antenna has been achieved by using a tuning fork shape with a simple partial ground plane. A pair of ring shape slits (RSS) on the ground plane has been added to achieve the band-notched characteristic. The proposed antenna has achieved a large −10 dB bandwidth of 7.8 GHz (2.9−11 GHz) and the VSWR value is less than 2 for the entire bandwidth excepted for notched frequency bands of lower 5G bands (4.5−5.5 GHz). Moreover, the antenna has a peak radiation efficiency of more than 87% for UWB and less than 27% for the notched frequency band. The notched-band is shifted with the change in the position of RSS’s within the vertical axis and thus, the variable band-notched characteristics have been achieved. Besides, the proposed antenna is compact with the dimension of 45×34 mm2 that makes it suitable for the lower band of 5G application.

Design, Measurements, and Analysis of Enhanced Bandwidth UWB

Ambient computing enabled for body area networks have received much consideration over the past couple of years due to its applications in biomedical, healthcare monitoring, and military systems. Such systems are attracting users in other applications like gaming, fitness, sports, and other life style tools. The fast-moving lifestyle of people impelled them in a situation of less consideration of their health and sports, and it generated the need of healthcare monitoring and tracking devices. Advances in wireless technology and embedded technology have generated keen interest in antenna, mounted on or around the body to transmit or receive the vital data of human body to on-body or off-body systems. The proposed antenna is for the use in wireless body area network (WBAN), in UWB frequency range 3.1 GHz.-10.6 GHz. Enhanced bandwidth ultra wideband (EB-UWB) patch antenna consists of the dimensions 30 mm×27 mm×1.6 mm. The prototype is fabricated and tested in free space and on-body scenario.

SEMI-AUTOMATED DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP DUAL BAND COAXIAL FEED ANTENNA USING DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS

Traditional antenna design uses discrete steps manually to create and optimize the antenna structure. This approach costs both time and effort, especially when a complex antenna structure is on demand. The evolutionary algorithm emerges as a potential alternative method to formulate the antenna model as well as to optimize the structure so as to comply with the design requirements. In this paper, we propose a method for determining the surrogate model and dimensions of an ultra-wideband patch antenna using a differential evolution algorithm. This antenna is desired to work at the frequency range of 2.45GHz to 5.8GHz for WLAN applications. Through the evaluation of reflectivity and investigation of the algorithm,the surrogate model is obtained faster with optimized dimensions. The algorithm is investigated with different strategies to detect the best strategy when an object is a differential evolution applied.

A Compact Rectangular Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Double Band Notch Feature at Wi-Max and WLAN

A compact rectangular microstrip-fed Ultra Wideband patch antenna with double band notched feature at Wi-Max and WLAN is offered in this paper. The designed antenna is composed of an ordinary rectangular patch antenna with a partially defective ground structure. For achieving dual notch characteristics a ‘U’ and ‘Reversed U’ slots are embedded in the radiating patch. The partial ground plane structure with U shaped slot in the middle is incorporated for achieving additional resonance and bandwidth enhancement. The proposed antenna has a measurement of 20 × 33 × 1.6 mm3. First notch created by U shaped slot at frequency 3.5 GHz is for Wi-Max (from 2.9 to 4.5 GHz) and Second notch which is generated by Reversed U shaped slots at frequency 5.4 GHz is for WLAN (from 5.49 to 6.45 GHz). The antenna covers almost complete range of Ultra Wideband (3.1–10.6 GHz). The Simulation analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out using CST-2011 simulation software. The radiation pattern of the simulated antenna is near Omnidirectional and the Gain of proposed antenna is almost stable over the range of UWB excluding notch bands.

Epsilon near zero metasurface for ultrawideband antenna gain enhancement and radar cross section reduction

A non-resonant metamaterial unit cell is proposed to design a metasurface for ultrawideband (UWB) gain enhancement and radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an UWB antenna. Epsilon near zero (ENZ) property and negative refractive index of metamaterial is achieved to ensure low loss and amplification of electromagnetic waves (EM) passing through it. The proposed metamaterial is designed on a 6 mm × 6 mm FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4, height 1.6 mm and loss tangent 0.01. The unit cell is simulated with periodic boundary condition to get the properties of periodically arranged unit cells in one plane called metasurface. A Metasurface is designed by planar arrangement of 5×5 unit cells of proposed metamaterial unit cell and is kept at height of 2 mm above an ultrawideband planar microstrip antenna. Antenna system with metasurface has physical and electrical dimensions of 32 × 32 × 5.2 mm3 and 0.34λ0×0.34λ0×0.05λ0 respectively, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 3.2 GHz. The bandwidth of UWB patch antenna (3.1–10.6 GHz) is unaffected by the presence of metasurface. The analysis of radiation mechanism shows the phase difference of EM waves passing through metasurface with and without reflection is 300°–400°. This indicates emergence of coherent waves from metasurface and contributes in gain enhancement. Maximum gain is 5.7 dB at 6.8 GHz with radiation efficiency of 88.5% and maximum gain enhancement is 10.1 dB at 9.8 GHz. The reflection phase analysis of normal incident wave predicts the frequency for maximum RCS reduction as 6.4 GHz. Maximum RCS reduction of antenna with application of metasurface is 21 dB at 6.7 GHz. Significant gain enhancement and reduction of RCS is achieved for ultrawideband. The proposed antenna system metasurface with enhanced gain and reduced RCS is a good candidate for application in stealth and military platforms.

Design of Ultra Wideband Patch Antenna

This paper presents an ultra wideband(UWB) antenna which is in rectangular shape is designed and analyzed by Microwave Studio Computer Simulation Technology(MS CST).The antenna uses FR-4 substrate. The rectangular patch which is excited by micro strip line is printed on the top of the substrate and a partial ground plane is printed on the other side. The basic structure of antenna produces ultra-wideband characteristics. But these characteristics can further be improved by cutting the lower left corner of the patch as stair case and observed the simulated results like return loss(S11), voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR), gain and bandwidth(BW).