Ultra-wideband Patch Antenna Research Articles

Modified design of microstrip patch antenna for UWB applications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna for Ku/K band applications is presented. In this paper, a microstrip line feed has been modified to an elliptical gradient structure, and the conventional radiator patch has been developed through the use of the symmetrically circular slots. These modifications have been used to improve the performance of the antenna significantly. Upper and lower frequency ranges achieve UWB antenna performances start from 11.57 GHz to 21.45 GHz. Proposed antenna exhibits good impedance matching, which makes it convenient to work in various applications. Besides that, the reflection coefficient is reduced attained to -31.81 dB over the operating band. The antenna is developed and analyzed using the commercially available software FEKO simulator based on the method of moments (MoM). Other parameters results such as sidelobe level (SLL) and beamwidth (half power - 3 dB) are added and discussed significantly. The proposed design is fabricated and tested experimentally, and the results show that a satisfying agreement with the simulation results.

Performance Enhancement of Microstrip UWB Patch Antenna with SRR for Wireless Body Area Networks

This paper presents a square shape Split Ring Resonator (SRR) loaded with micro strip patch antenna operating in UWB (Ultra Wide Band) range (3.1GHz -10.6GHz) for Bio-medical applications. The Ultra-Wideband is a wireless technology which is used to send large data over a wide range of frequencies by using very narrow pulses at low PSD (Power Spectral Density). UWB provides wireless transmission of audio, video and data with wide bandwidth. The proposed antenna specifically operates at 4.1GHz and is designed on a 23.19mm x 23.19mm x 1.35mm board of Arlon AD1000 substrate. This SRR antenna has been simulated using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The results show enhanced performance in terms of high gain, return loss (<10dB), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)<2, low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), high Directivity, high radiation Efficiency.

Design of ultra‐wideband antenna with high‐selectivity band notches using fragment‐type etch pattern

AbstractBy specifying objective functions defining the two bands to be notched with high roll‐off criteria (ROCs), optimization searching for the best fragment‐type etch pattern on ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna is implemented by using multi‐objective optimization. The optimization with too many objective functions requires special treatment to improve the searching efficiency. In this design, two slits are preset on appropriate positions on different sides of the UWB radiator to constrain the decision space for etch pattern searching and yield two initial notched bands to speed up the optimization. For demonstration, a UWB patch antenna is designed with dual‐band notches of ROC = 0.63 at WiMAX band and ROC = 0.65 at WLAN band. Both the simulation and measurement results indicate that there is significant improvement of the selectivity of the dual‐band notches.

A Design of Compact Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

As it is well known, microstrip patch antennas are commonly used, because they are compact and it is easy to achieve a unidirectional radiation pattern with circular polarization. However, the bandwidth of patch antennas is quite narrow, which limits their use in ultrawideband (UWB) applications. In this communication, a wideband enhancement method based on a multimode analysis of patch antennas is proposed. By adding suitable shorting loads on the patch, the resonance frequency of the higher order modes TM20, TM30, TM40, and TM50 is decreased and combined with the dominant mode (TM10) one. These five modes provide a wide operating band. Using this bandwidth enhancement method, a compact UWB patch antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern and circular polarization is designed. The size of the patch is only $0.5\lambda _{0} \times 0.5\lambda _{0}$ and the height is only $0.1\lambda _{0}$ ( $\lambda _{0}$ is the free space wavelength at the center frequency). The simulation and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 85% for S11 6 dBic from 2.2 to 5.5 GHz. The proposed design method is suitable for UWB CP patch antenna applications.

UWB Patch Antenna with Composite Dielectric Substrate for Subcutaneous Biomedical Sensing

An ultra-wideband patch antenna intended as the front end of microwave imaging sensor is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is meant for subcutaneous biomedical applications as thermal radiation measurements. Sensors for health applications can always gain from improved matching techniques when placed in direct contact with human tissue. While sensors commonly utilize dielectric gel as the coupling material, the novelty of the proposed antenna consists of the fact that instead of an external matching medium, the antenna incorporates the matching capability in its structure. The proposed antenna has a complex porous substrate structure enriched with conductive-dielectric fluid and metallic rods yielding the proper characteristics in order to reduce the impedance mismatching when in direct contact to the human body. Moreover it has the low profile and the small volume needed for medical imaging applications. Measurements of the electrical characteristics are in good agreement with the simulated ones and they validate the proposed design.

Ultra-Wideband Antennas for Wireless Communication Applications

A review paper concerning wide-band and ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas used for wireless communication purposes in terms of the materials as well as a numerical analysis is presented. These antennas which are taken into account are listed as wide-band microstrip antenna, wide-band monopole antenna over a plate, wide-slot UWB antenna, stacked patch UWB antenna, taper slot (TSA) UWB antenna, metamaterial (MTM) structure UWB antennas, elliptical printed monopole UWB antenna, and flexible wearable UWB antenna. The antennas’ performance is compared based on their size and how they can be applicable for portable communication device applications. This review paper furnishes a proper direction to select varieties of figures in terms of impedance bandwidth, gain, directivity, dimensions, time domain characteristics, and materials affecting these antenna’s characteristics.

Symmetrical Couple F-Shaped Notches with High Rejection C-Band of UWB Patch Antenna

The ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is developed to cover a broad bandwidth. ‎The UWB radio systems are interfered ‎by the ‎same ‎spectrum ‎that shared with the local bands. In this paper, two F-shaped slots on a hexagonal patch UWB antenna are demonstrated ‎‎ to realize a high band rejection. The symmetrical couple F-slots is ‎notched on the hexagonal UWB ‎ ‎patch antenna to avoid the interference ‎and ‎‎enhance the notching results at C-band. The demonstrated ‎antenna employs a coplanar waveguide ‎(CPW) technique to meet a fractional bandwidth of 126%. The proposed method validates ‎several ‎‎reconfigurations of the F-slot location on the demonstrated design. Six steps ‎parametric study are considered to test the slots location. The results of the proposed antenna with slots are introduced based on analytical, simulation, and ‎measurement. The total design size ‎‎28 mm × 43 mm × 1.6 ‎mm is simulated by ‎using CST Microwave Studio. The two F-slots are achieved the antenna gain of -6 dB, ‎return loss of -1.2 ‎dB, and ‎VSWR of 15.2 at the rejected band of 4 GHz. The ‎measurement results are compared with the simulation results between the three ‎prototypes. The current ‎distribution on the design is discussed at 2.88 GHz and 4 GHz frequencies. The radiation patterns illustrate ‎omnidirectional of H-plane and bidirectional of E-plane. This paper validates the slots locations to enhance the notches performance and reduce the interference.

UWB Sensing Antenna, Reconfigurable Transceiver and Reconfigurable Antenna Based Cognitive Radio Test Bed

For the effective use of available frequency bandwidth, cognitive radio technology is evolving in the last few years. In this, spectrum is shared between primary and secondary users. Secondary users also called as unlicensed users, makes use of part of spectrum which is not used by primary or licensed users. Hence secondary user systems must be capable of sensing the spectrum and should be able to reconfigure to transmit at different frequencies. For this it must consists of spectrum sensing circuit and a reconfigurable transceiver consisting of reconfigurable antenna. This paper discuss the single module of reconfigurable transceiver which dynamically allocates two different frequencies 2.4 and 3.1 GHz for transmission. Ultra-wideband patch antenna, spectrum sensing algorithm and reconfigurable patch antenna are also discussed. The module can be modified to transmit at more frequencies in the range 2.4–9 GHz by having reconfigurable devices such as LNAs, power amplifiers, local oscillators, mixers, etc.

Compact ultrawideband patch antenna based on multiple‐mode resonance and surface plasmon wave

ABSTRACTA novel compact ultrawideband (UWB) pattern‐etched microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The microstrip antenna has two layers consists of a meshed top patch and a patterned bottom ground plane generating multiple‐mode resonance and surface plasmon wave. The proposed antenna is designed on the cheap FR4 substrate with compact size of 28 × 32 × 0.794 mm3. The simulated impedance bandwidth covers from 3.3 to 12 GHz for S‐parameter of less than −10 dB level. The measured return loss falls from 3.75 to 6.15 GHz and from 7.2 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna gain is generally higher than 1.7 dBi with the peak gain of 5.8 dBi. From the simulation and measurement results, it is observed that the proposed antenna has good radiation characteristics and ultrabandwidth for potential UWB applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:456–459, 2017

Compact filtering monopole patch antenna with dual-band rejection.

In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband patch antenna with dual-band rejection is proposed. The proposed antenna filters 3.3–3.8 GHz WiMAX and 5.15–5.85 GHz WLAN by respectively rejecting these bands through a C-shaped slit and a λg/4 resonator. The λg/4 resonator is positioned as a pair, centered around the microstrip line, and a C-type slit is inserted into an elliptical patch. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 2.9–9.3 GHz, which satisfies the bandwidth for ultra-wideband communication systems. Further, the proposed antenna provides dual-band rejection at two bands: 3.2–3.85 and 4.7–6.03 GHz. The radiation pattern of the antenna is omnidirectional, and antenna gain is maintained constantly while showing −8.4 and −1.5 dBi at the two rejected bands, respectively.

Design and Investigation of Differential-Fed Ultra-Wideband Patch Antenna with Polarization Diversity

A novel single- or dual-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna fed by coupled feeding mechanism is proposed. The single-polarized antenna consists of a square ring patch and two Γ-shaped patches which are coupled to the radiating patch. The vertical portions of the Γ-shaped patches are connected to the microstrip lines which are printed on the bottom layer of the grounded FR4 substrate. To realize the differential feeding mechanism for enhancing the polarization purity, a tapered balun is employed to excite the antenna. Further to provide dual linear orthogonal polarizations, another pair of Γ-shaped patches is added in the single-polarized UWB antenna. The dual-polarized UWB antenna prototype can achieve two orthogonal polarizations with an impedance bandwidth (S11≤-10 dB) of 113% and isolation of over 25 dB across the entire frequency band.

Differential‐fed UWB patch antenna with triple band‐notched characteristics

A differential-fed ultra-wideband patch antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed. The antenna consists of an octagonal slot ground and two quasi-square radiating patches. By employing split-ring resonators (SRRs) etched on the radiating patch and complementary SRRs etched on the ground plane, triple-notched bands are obtained to filter the 3.5 GHz WiMAX, 5.5 GHz WLAN and 8 GHz ITU bands. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth is from 2.55 to 10.86 GHz, along with triple-notched bands of 3.21–3.86, 4.93–6.13 and 7.87–8.89 GHz. In addition, the proposed antenna achieves relatively low cross-polarisation and stable gain. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and the measured results.

Bell Shape Ultra Wide Band Patch Antenna with Integrated Band Notch Filiter

Bell Shape Ultra Wide Band Patch Antenna with Integrated Band Notch Filiter

COMPACT UWB ANTENNAS WITH INVERTED E- AND F-SHAPED SLOTS FOR BANDNOTCH CHARACTERISTICS

A compact microstrip notched ultrawideband patch antenna (UWB) with inverted E- and F-shaped slots is presented. By introducing a new inverted E-shaped notch in the radiating plane, band-notch about 2.68 to 3.55 GHz is achieved. A new type of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) in the ground plane is employed to extend the lower limit of the bandwidth so as to cover ISM 2.4 GHz WLAN-frequency band. The proposed antenna offers 126% bandwidth overall dimension of 13× 17× 1. 6m m 3 . The experiment results indicate that the proposed antenna can meet the requirement for UWB communication with size miniaturization.

Ultra-Wideband Patch Antenna for K-Band Applications

An ultra-wideband patch antenna is presented for K-band communication. The antenna is designed by employing stacked geometry and aperture-coupled technique. The rectangular patch shape and coaxial fed configuration is used for particular design. The ultra-wideband characteristics are achieved by applying a specific surface resistance of 75 ohm/square to the upper rectangular patch and it is excited through a rectangular slot made on the lower patch element (made of copper). The proposed patch antenna is able to operate in the frequency range of 12-27.3 GHz which is used in radar and satellite communication, commonly named as K-band. By employing a technique of thicker substrate and by applying a specific surface resistance to the upper patch element, an impedance bandwidth of 77.8\% is achieved having VSWR less than 2. It is noted that the gain of proposed antenna is linearly increased in the frequency range of 12-26 GHz and after that the gain is decreased up to 6 dBi. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of proposed ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i12.6520

Circular Patch Antenna with C-shape Slot for UWB Application

A novel compact and ultrawide-band (UWB) antenna is presented in this paper. A novel CPW-fed monopole circular patch UWB antenna with c-shape slot is proposed in this article. IE3D simulator is used to analyze the proposed antenna in the design process. The proposed antenna has an extremely wide frequency band range, the impedance bandwidth of which is measured as 4.2 to 10.5 GHz for return loss <_10 dB. Simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed antenna.

Differential‐fed ultra‐wideband slot‐loaded patch antenna with dual orthogonal polarisation

A novel dual-polarised ultra-wideband patch antenna is proposed. This antenna consists of a square ring patch and four inclined triangular-shaped patches. The vertices of the triangular patches are connected to the microstrip lines which are printed on the bottom layer of the grounded FR4 substrate. To realise the differential feed mechanism for reducing the coupling between the two polarisation ports and the cross-polarisation level, two identical tapered baluns are used to excite the antenna. The antenna prototype can provide two orthogonal polarisations with an impedance bandwidth (|S 11| ≤ −10 dB) of 113.2% and isolation of over 28 dB across the whole operating frequency band. The measured antenna gain varies from 2.09 to 7.66 dBi for port 1 and from 0.02 to 6.77 dBi for port 2 with a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 96.3%.

DESIGN OF A COMPACT ULTRAWIDEBAND METAMATERIAL ANTENNA BASED ON THE MODIFIED SPLIT-RING RESONATOR AND CAPACITIVELY LOADED STRIPS UNIT CELL

A new compact ultrawideband (UWB) patch antenna based on the resonance mechanism of a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) is proposed. The radiating element of the antenna is made from three left-handed (LH) metamaterial (MTM) unit cells placed along one axis, where each unit cell combines a modifled split-ring resonator (SRR) structure with capacitively loaded strips (CLS). An analysis of the eigenfrequencies of these unit cells yields one- and two-dimensional dispersion diagrams, which correspond to a one-unit cell antenna and the three unit cell antenna, respectively. A trident feed and a slotted-partial ground plane are used to match the right- and left-handed (RH and LH) modes of the antenna, respectively. In addition, an analysis of the surface current distribution of the antenna shows that slots on the metallic area reduce the Q-factor. This reduction in the Q-factor results in a wide bandwidth of 189% at 3.7GHz, which spans the UWB frequency range between 2.9{ 9.9GHz. The total footprint of the antenna at the lowest frequency is 0:2‚0£0:2‚0£0:015‚0, where ‚0 is the free space wavelength. The gain of the antenna ranges between i1 to 5dB throughout the frequency band.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA INTEGRATED WITH DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNA FOR COGNITIVE RADIO APPLICATIONS

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna integrated with a dielectric resonator is proposed for cognitive radio applications. The patch antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line, and it consists of a rectangular monopole having an elliptical base, and operates from 2.44 to 12GHz. This UWB antenna is intended to collect the information. Moreover, the proposed structure integrates a narrow-band rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) for operation, with very good isolation between the two ports (transmission coe-cient S21 less than i20dB). The RDRA provides a bandwidth from 5.23GHz to 6.11GHz. The electromagnetic analysis is carried out using tow commercial software tools. Furthermore, to validate the proposed concept, experimental measurements are also performed.

Ultra wideband patch antenna with a novel folded-patch technique

The authors present the results of a polygonal patch antenna for ultra-wideband applications covering a frequency band from 4.14 to 13.50 GHz. The fabricated antenna achieved a 10 dB impedance bandwidth in excess of 125 with an antenna size of 0.373lambda o times0.373lambda o times0.149lambda o at its centre frequency. The antenna's impedance bandwidth is 64% higher than what is currently obtainable with state-of-the-art folded-patch techniques. The proposed patch antenna has a polygonal-shape with a rectangular slot and shorting pins. The analysis of this antenna shows that bandwidth broadening is achieved by using a rectangular slot on the patch that is fed from a folded-patch feed, whereas the reduction in antenna size is achieved through the use of two shorting pins strategically located on the radiating patch.