Patan District Research Articles

Study related to Job stress of higher secondary school teachers belonging to rural area of Patan district

The present paper aimed at measuring the job stress of High secondary level teachers in rural area of patan district. A survey of sample from rural area were conducted. One principle variable- ‘Job Stress ’was considered. To determine the job stress of the teachers of Higher Secondary schools the investigator used S. Sajid Jamal and Abdul Raheem. Teacher's Occupational Stress Scale (TOSS–JSRA) inventory as a tool. Mean and SD as Descriptive Statistics, and ‘t’ test as Inferential Statistics were employed to find the significance of difference among the gender towards the job stress. Finally found the significant difference from null hypotheses.

Factors related to under nutrition among children in a rural area in Patan district of Gujarat, India

Background: Malnutrition is defined as ‘undernutrition’ resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients and also includes ‘overnutrition’, resulting from excessive intake of specific nutrients. Infant-feeding practices play a major role in child caring practices apart from socio-cultural, demographic and economic factors. The present study was conducted to assess socio-demographic and other factors associated with undernutrition in rural areas of Patan.Methods: This present study was conducted at 6 Anganwadi centers of Kungher rural area of Patan during 2017-2018. Total 293 of 1 to 5 year children were included in the study. Secondary data was collected through study of records and reports from AWW. Mothers of selected children were interviewed for collecting desired information. The children were examined for anthropometric parameters (weight and height) and nutritional status.Results: Out of 293 children 159 (54.2%) subjects were males. Total 190 (64.8%) children were ICDS beneficiaries. More than half of children (55.6%) were undernourished. Severe malnutrition was more distributed among unregistered (54.5%). Two third of illiterate mothers had undernourished children (69.8%). More than half of children (59.9%) belonging to lower socio economic class were undernourished. More than 2/3rd of low birth weight (LBW) children were found to be undernourished.Conclusions: Child’s nutritional status had significantly affected by maternal education and occupational status. Many other key factors such as family income, gender discrimination and LBW are playing an important role in nutritional status children.

Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Middle Jurassic Sequence of Chorar Island, Patan District, Kachchh Basin, Gujarat

ABSTRACT Chorar Island exposes ∼109 m thick middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian) succession in the eastern most part of the Kachchh Basin, Patan District, Gujarat and is divided into two, Khadir and Gadhada formations. It mainly comprises of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments and limestones; the shales dominate the lower part of the succession while the top of the succession is marked by ferruginous sandstone which also forms the vast, prominent peripheral zone of the Chorar dome. The field and laboratory analysis of the succession reveals nine lithofacies which includes ferruginous sandstone, cross bedded white sandstone, micritic sandstone, allochemic sandstone, sandy micrite, mudstone, sandy allochemic limestone, coralline limestone and shale. The mix siliciclastic-carbonate sediments and ferruginous facies are fossiliferous in nature and display sedimentary structures, like ripple marks, cross- and planar-lamination with biogenic sedimentary structures. Coralline limestone facies comprise of large size (>1m diameter) corals, which are diagenetically modified severely and have lost its original internal structures. The sediment characteristics and associated bioclasts indicates low to moderate wave and current energy in shoreface-offshore subsequently changing to wave dominated shoreface during the deposition of the middle Jurassic sediments of the Chorar Island.

Status of chemical properties and available major nutrients in soils of Patan district of Gujarat, India

Total 360 soil samples were collected from nine talukas of Patan district to analyze the soil reaction (pH), electric conductivity (EC) and organic carbon available major nutrients (N, P and K) by multistage random sampling during April 2016. Soils of Patan district are neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction (pH range 7.00 to 9.25; mean 8.14), soluble salt content (EC-range 0.05 to 9.10 dS/m; mean 1.01 dS/m) and low in organic carbon content (OC-range 0.03 to 1.38%; mean 0.33%) indicating poor fertile soil. The nutrient index for available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium varied from 1.13 to 1.68, 1.83 to 2.48 and 2.2.0 to 2.90, respectively. This represented that the soils of Patan district were low in available nitrogen (232.28 kg/ha), adequate in available phosphorus (49.35 kg/ha) and very high in available potassium (413.46 kg/ha). Soil available nitrogen and phosphorus showed positive correlation with organic carbon and potassium, respectively.

Evaluation of aqueous geochemistry of fluoride enriched groundwater: A case study of the Patan district, Gujarat, Western India

High fluoride (F−) groundwater causes fluorosis which might at severe stages lead to deformation of bones, bilateral lameness. The concentration of F− ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mg/L. This study suggests that high HCO3− and Na+ in alkaline medium along with water–rock interaction plays important role in enrichment of F− in groundwater. Na-HCO3 is the dominant water type followed by Ca-HCO3 suggesting dominance of Na+, Ca2+ and HCO3− ions in groundwater. Factor analysis of water quality parameters suggests that four principal components account for 74.66% of total variance in the dataset. Factor 1 shows higher positive loading for pH, HCO3− negative loading for F−, Ca2+, SO42− depicting ion-exchange and HCO3 dominant water type responsible for F enrichment in groundwater.Saturation index for selected minerals suggests that most of the samples are oversaturated with calcite and undersaturated with fluorite. Calcite precipitation leads to the removal of Ca2+ from solution thus allowing more fluorite to dissolve. These released Ca2+ ions combine with CO32− ions to further enhance the precipitation of CaCO3.

Cultivation and production cost of cumin in Banaskantha district of north Gujarat

India produces 70 per cent of global spice production (105100 MT of total production in 2010). In Gujarat state, cumin is grown mostly in the northern district of the state i.e. Mehsana, Banaskantha and Patan district. Cumin was grown under 2,16,000 hectares in Gujarat state, out of this 39897 hectare was contributed by Banaskantha district during the year 2011-12. The aimed of this study was to analyze the cultivation/production cost of cumin and to find return over cost. The study is based on data collected from 108 farmers selected from six villages selected purposively and one regulated market i.e., Tharad of Banaskantha district of Gujarat state. It was calculated that the average total cost of cultivation of cumin was 48905/- Rs. per hectare and net income of cumin was 39852/- Rs. per hectare for the year 2012-2013. The cost of cultivation of cumin for small farmers was higher as compared to medium and large size farmers. Major inputs cost was small farmers contributed 33.09 per cent to total cost of cultivation which was 8.60, 20.34 and 4.15 per cent, for seed, human labour and fertilizer, respectively. The cost of cultivation (cost C 2 ) for small size group of farmers was estimated 55592 Rs. /ha.

Agriculture land suitability evaluation for wheat cultivation using geomatics for Patan District, India

Crop land suitability for wheat crop is carried out in the Patan District of North Gujarat, India. There are many factors which affect the land suitability for wheat cultivation like land use, land cover, soil texture, slope, soil pH, soil salinity, soil sodicity, soil depth, soil drainage, groundwater quality and soil nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K)]. The land evaluation criteria were adopted from soil suitability manual of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), India and literature survey. All these factors have been assigned weightage obtained from Satty's method. The crop land evaluation results of the present study area were classified into four categories of wheat suitability (highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable) as per Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). These categories were arrived at by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. This study proposes a methodology for evaluation and mapping of land suitability for wheat crop using the spatial MCDM techniques. The results indicate that distribution of wheat acreage under various suitability classes was highly suitable: 34.09%, moderately suitable: 47.37%, marginally suitable: 11.76% and unsuitable: 6.76%.

Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and its Health Effects in Rural Areas of Harij Taluka, Patan District of Northern Gujarat

ABSTRACTThe most important resource for the survival of human beings is the availability of fresh drinking water. This study compares the drinking water quality in nine villages of Harij Taluka of Patan District of Northern Gujarat. Samples were collected from various village drinking water sources and analyzed. Along with this scientific analysis, a socioeconomic survey of village households was conducted. The water samples were analyzed for parameters crucial for drinking water quality, such as TDS (total disolved solids), fluoride, dissolved oxygen, magnesium hardness, chloride, and many others. The findings from the scientific analysis of water and from the survey revealed that although some parameters in water exceed their normal tolerance, it does not have any significant impact on human health. The article thus concludes that the water quality is good for human consumption as laboratory analysis of the samples revealed no significant contamination.

Impact of educational intervention regarding mosquito-borne diseases and their control measures among multipurpose health workers (MPHWs) of Patan district, Gujarat, India

Background: In rural areas, multipurpose health workers (MPHWs) play a key role in implementing control measures and behavior change communication at community level to prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases. Objective: To assess the knowledge of MPHWs regarding mosquito-borne diseases and control measures before and after single educational interventional training. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted among purposively selected 100 MPHWs of Patan district, Gujarat, India, from June to August 2014. After taking verbal consent, baseline knowledge of link workers regarding mosquito-borne diseases and mosquito control measures was assessed by predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured questionnaire. Single educational training for 45 min was given to the MPHWs and their postintervention knowledge for the same was assessed after the training. Assessment was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Result: Baseline knowledge of the MPHWs regarding mosquito-borne disease was 83%, which significantly increased after the training to 100%. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding breeding places of the mosquitoes was 89%, which significantly increased to 96% after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding the indoor and outdoor measures for vector control was 4% and 39%, respectively, which significantly increased to 73% and 89%, respectively, after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding the signs and symptoms of malaria, dengue, and chickungunya were 79%, 26%, and 22%, respectively, which significantly increased to 84%, 76%, and 90%, respectively, after the intervention. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding mosquito-borne diseases and control measures of the MPHWs after our single education session. Such education interventions need to be done on a regular basis to improve their knowledge for a better control of mosquito-borne diseases.

Floristic Diversity of Patan District, Gujarat - An Overview

The present paper deals with 309 angiospermic plants, in which dicots 255 species and monocots 54 species were collected from the various villages and forests area including hill and hillocks of the Patan District, Gujarat state.

Unmet burden of cleft lip and palate in rural Gujarat, India: a population-based study.

The burden of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in the developing world is being tackled by local hospitals and international surgical missions. However, the unmet surgical burden of these conditions is not known, because there are few population-based studies. We conducted this study to find the incidence and prevalence of cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and CLP and also estimate the unmet burden of these conditions. Four blocks comprising of half a million people in the Patan district of Gujarat were chosen as the study areas. This study was conducted over a period of 3 months in 2009. Patients with CL, CP, and CLP were identified by community health workers using snowball sampling method. Data collected included demographics, type of cleft, operated or not, and place of operation. Disability adjusted life years (DALY) was calculated to measure the unmet burden of this disease. The most common among the three conditions was CL (69.4 %). Overall, cleft abnormalities were more common in males (61 %). The overall incidence and prevalence of cleft deformity was 0.73 per 1,000 live births and 0.1 per 1,000 people respectively. The unmet burden of surgical disease of these four blocks was 230 to 494 DALYs. The incidence of CL with or without palate was found to be 0.7 per 1,000 live births. The large number of unoperated cases (backlog) of cleft deformities suggests a big burden of unmet need in rural India.

Emergence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Amreli District of Gujarat State, India, June to July 2013

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) etiology was detected in a family cluster (nine cases, including two deaths) in the village of Karyana, Amreli District, and also a fatal case in the village of Undra, Patan District, in Gujarat State, India. Anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were detected in domestic animals from Karyana and adjoining villages. Hyalomma ticks from households were found to be positive for CCHF viral RNA. This confirms the emergence of CCHFV in new areas and the wide spread of this disease in Gujarat State.

Promoting universal financial protection: evidence from the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) in Gujarat, India

BackgroundIndia’s health expenditure is met mostly by households through out-of-pocket (OOP) payments at the time of illness. To protect poor families, the Indian government launched a national health insurance scheme (RSBY). Those below the national poverty line (BPL) are eligible to join the RSBY. The premium is heavily subsidised by the government. The enrolled members receive a card and can avail of free hospitalisation care up to a maximum of US$ 600 per family per year. The hospitals are reimbursed by the insurance companies. The objective of our study was to analyse the extent to which RSBY contributes to universal health coverage by protecting families from making OOP payments.MethodsA two-stage stratified sampling technique was used to identify eligible BPL families in Patan district of Gujarat, India. Initially, all 517 villages were listed and 78 were selected randomly. From each of these villages, 40 BPL households were randomly selected and a structured questionnaire was administered. Interviews and discussions were also conducted among key stakeholders.ResultsOur sample contained 2,920 households who had enrolled in the RSBY; most were from the poorer sections of society. The average hospital admission rate for the period 2010–2011 was 40/1,000 enrolled. Women, elderly and those belonging to the lowest caste had a higher hospitalisation rate. Forty four per cent of patients who had enrolled in RSBY and had used the RSBY card still faced OOP payments at the time of hospitalisation. The median OOP payment for the above patients was US$ 80 (interquartile range, $16–$200) and was similar in both government and private hospitals. Patients incurred OOP payments mainly because they were asked to purchase medicines and diagnostics, though the same were included in the benefit package.ConclusionsWhile the RSBY has managed to include the poor under its umbrella, it has provided only partial financial coverage. Nearly 60% of insured and admitted patients made OOP payments. We plea for better monitoring of the scheme and speculate that it is possible to enhance effective financial coverage of the RSBY if the nodal agency at state level would strengthen its stewardship and oversight functions.

Third angle of RSBY: Service providers′ perspective to RSBY-operational issues in Gujarat

Context:Government of India in 2008, launched its flagship health insurance scheme for the poor. The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) combines cutting edge technology with an unusual reliance on incentives to provide inpatient insurance coverage. The scheme allows for cashless hospitalization services at any of the empaneled hospitals. Stakeholders in RSBY include members of the community, Insurance Company and the service provider.Aim:The study manuscript is an attempt to get an insight to understand the bottle necks in faced by the service providers with an overall goal to understand issues in complete roll out of RSBY and its successful implementation across country. It was conducted to undertake the stakeholder analysis and understand the service providers’ perspective to RSBY.Setting and Design:The present study was conducted in the Patan district of Gujarat state. Qualitative tool mainly in-depth interview of service providers of RSBY in Patan district of Gujarat state was utilized for the data collection.Results and Conclusion:Service providers opined an ineffective IEC around the utility of the RSBY service in the community. In spite of the claim that scheme relies heavily on technology to ensure paperless cashless services, on field, it was observed in the present study that the claim settlements are done through physical documents. The service providers had a perceived threat of being suspended from the list/de-empanelment of the provider by the insurance company. There is an urgent need for improved and effective IEC for the service and possibilities of an arrangement for to settle the case of grievances around suspensions ao that genuine hospitals can have fair deal as well. There definitely remains a greater and more serious role of government, which ranges from ownership to larger issue of governance.