Patan District Research Articles

Is Completeness and Timeliness of Public Health Action (PHA) a Robust Tool to Improve the TB Treatment Outcome in the Private Sector?

Background: Public health action (PHA) in tuberculosis (TB) includes six components: doing screening for HIV/diabetes, carrying out drug susceptibility testing, counseling on tobacco, counseling on nutrition, benefits of Nikshay Poshan Yojana, and contact tracing. All the patients notified by the private practitioners (PPs) and missing any of the above components are intervened by the government staff to cover all the above components. Objectives: The aim of the article is (1) to assess the timeliness and completeness of PHA and (2) to assess the impact of PHA on the quality of care for TB patients in the private sector. Methods: A sequential mixed-method (cross-sectional study followed by qualitative study) study was carried out in the Patan district, North Gujarat for a period of one year. Quantitative data were collected through home visits to patients residing in three randomly selected talukas out of nine talukas in the Patan district. Qualitative data were collected purposively from selected clinics of PPs (including a mix of PP notifying and not notifying TB till saturation is achieved) from the above talukas. Results: Out of a total of 176 patients from the private sector, 48 patients took all six components of PHA. Out of them, 98% were cured compared to 82% who did not receive PHA. None of the PP had heard about PHA or its components. Conclusion: The Public–private model for TB management needs strengthening. Regular and mandatory training of PPs on the latest TB management guidelines including importance of timely and complete PHA should be carried out.

Knowledge, Acceptance, and Satisfaction about Dental Implant among Patients of Patan District of Gujarat.

Patan is a district of North Gujarat having a mainly rural population. Here, patients are having lack of knowledge with regard to the replacement of teeth especially by dental implant option. To know about the awareness and knowledge of dental implant as well as its acceptance and satisfaction rate among patients as a replacement option for missing teeth in patients of Patan district of Gujarat state. A self-explanatory questionnaire-based study. About 707 out of 800 patients were included in the present study. Only 28.6% of participants knew about dental implant treatment for the replacement of missing teeth. The younger and more educated participants showed more awareness and knowledge with slight differences within gender. Patients showed just 24.7% acceptance. Around 76.3% of participants noted satisfaction by their known acquaintances about dental implant treatment. This study demarcates a lack of awareness and knowledge of dental implants in the patients of the Patan district. The government has to arrange the awareness program repeatedly for patients about restoration of the missing teeth by using different means and avail dental implant treatment in government-based hospitals.

Spatial assessment of flood vulnerability and waterlogging extent in agricultural lands using RS-GIS and AHP technique-a case study of Patan district Gujarat, India.

Assessing and mapping flood risks are fundamental tools that significantly contribute to the enhancement of flood management strategies. Identifying areas that are susceptible to floods and devising strategies to reduce the risk of waterlogging is of utmost importance. In the present study, an integrated approach, combining advanced remote sensing technologies, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), was adopted in the Patan district of Gujarat, India, with a coastline spanning over 1600km, to evaluate the numerous variables that contribute to the risk of flooding and waterlogging. After evaluating the flood conditioning factors and their respective weights using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the results were processed in GIS to accurately delineate areas that are prone to flooding. The results highlighted exceptional precision in identifying vulnerable areas, allowing for a thorough evaluation of the impact severity. The integrated approach yields valuable insights for multi-criteria assessments. The findings indicate that a significant portion of the district's land, precisely 8.94%, was susceptible to very high- risk of flooding, while 27.76% were classified as high-risk areas. Notably, 35.17% of the region was identified as having a moderate level of risk. Additionally, 20.96% and 7.15% were categorized as low-risk and very low-risk areas, respectively. Overall, the study highlights the need for proactive measures to mitigate the impact of floods on vulnerable communities. The research findings were verified by conducting ground truth and visual assessments using microwave satellite imagery (Sentinel-1). The aim of this validation was to test the accuracy of the study in identifying waterlogged agricultural areas and their extent based on AHP analysis. The ground verification and analysis of satellite images confirmed that the model accurately identified approximately 74% of the area categorized under high and very high flood vulnerability to be waterlogged and flooded. This research can provide valuable assistance to policymakers and authorities responsible for flood management by gathering necessary information about floods, including their intensity and the regions that are most susceptible to their impact. Additionally, it is crucial to implement corrective measures to improve soil drainage in vulnerable areas during heavy rainfall events. Prioritizing the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and improving land use are also crucial for environmental conservation.

Ergonomic assessment of houses for elderly people in Radhanpur city, Patan District

Ergonomic assessment of houses for elderly people in Radhanpur city, Patan District

TECHNOLOGICAL GAP IN RECOMMENDED CASTOR PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. In India, oilseed crops constitute the second largest agriculture produce next to food grains. Castor is an important cash crop for farmer as well as for country too as it fetches valuable foreign exchange by export of seeds, oil and derivatives to all over the world. The present study was conducted in Patan District of Gujarat State. Among the nine talukas of Patan district, only Patan, Saraswati and Harij this three talukas of Patan district were selected purposively for the reason having highest area under castor cultivation as compared to other talukas of the district. The multi-stage sampling (three stage) technique was used for selection of talukas, villages and respondents. Ex-post facto research design was used for this study. The study was conducted to know the technological gap of castor growers of Patan district. Technological gap has been defined as the proportion of gap in the adoption of castor production technology and it is expressed in percentage. In the present study technological gap was operationalized on the division in adoption of castor production technology by the castor growers and expressed in percentage. revealed that the high technological gap was observed in plant protection measures 75.40 per cent followed by seed treatment 71.00 per cent, weed control 68.75 per cent, FYM 64.00 per cent, crop rotation 58.35 per cent, chemical fertilizer 51.77 per cent, sowing time 45.10 per cent, spacing 40.67 per cent, seed rate 36.00 per cent, recommended variety 30.33 per cent, harvesting 27.85 per cent, interculturing 21.90 per cent and irrigation schedule 16.00 per cent, which were ranked as first to thirteen, respectively.

"I lost my faith and stopped taking the medicines" - need for an intervention model based on health belief constructs for improving adherence to tuberculosis treatment.

ABSTRACTBackground:India is reporting the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide. The health belief model has proved beneficial to understand health-related behaviors among patients with TB. We explored the reasons and solutions for non-adherence to the treatment of TB using the constructs of the health belief model.Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews among patients who were reported ‘lost to follow up’ (LFU) and among the service providers under the national TB program in the Patan district based on the constructs of the health belief model – perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. All the interviews were audio-recorded and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results:The analysis resulted in nine major reasons for LFU which were explained under the health belief model constructs. Perceived susceptibility was reflected by lack of support from health workers, losing faith in government, and dependence on alcohol. Negative counseling by quacks explained perceived severity, while improvement in symptoms corroborated with the perceived benefits. Side effects to anti-TB drugs, high pill burden, stigma, and financial constraints were the perceived barriers reported by the patients.Conclusions:The health belief model explains treatment non-adherence behavior among patients with tuberculosis in India. To eliminate TB, program managers in India need to design a comprehensive intervention model to counsel the patients on the benefits of completing treatment, generate awareness to dispel the myths surrounding the disease, and instill confidence through regular visits by health workers. Primary care physicians should try incorporating counselling of patients with TB in their routine care to reduce LFU.

Facility Based Management of Child Malnutrition- Lesson Learnt from a North Gujarat Study

Introduction: Malnutrition is a key health problem in India and Gujarat. Mission BalamSukham was launched to overcome malnutrition. Facility-based management of malnutrition is one of two components of this program. Objectives: 1. To evaluate Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Challenges (or Threats) of Child Malnutrition Treatment Centre (CMTC) and Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (NRC). 2. To project into areas that needs improvement to overcome the centres’ weaknesses and challenges. Method: In-depth interviews were taken for health workers and beneficiaries of NRC and CMTC of Patan district till saturation of responses. Transcripts were made and themes were analysed based on the SWOC matrix. Results: Major issues identified by the study were absence of continuous financial support to operationalize CMTCs selected under Gatishil Gujarat program, Absence of Paediatrician, lack of awareness regarding child nutrition over night stay at centre and quality of training. Conclusion: Some internal weaknesses and strengths were acknowledged. Only facility-based management of SAM children did not make a difference in community. Training of ASHA and Anganwadi worker about nutritional counselling, screening and monitoring of SAM child is needed to strengthen the community-based management of SAM children.

Graphite powder mixed with black paint on the absorber plate of the solar still to enhance yield: An experimental investigation

The main goal of present article is to see how adding graphite powder and black paint to the absorber plate can increase solar still yield. Therefore, two identical in size solar stills called modified solar still (MSS) and Conventional solar still (CSS) have been fabricated and tested in Patan district, Gujarat, during October 2019. MSS used graphite powder mixed with black paint, and CSS used as reference still in current research work. The current research was done with tap water as the raw water. Graphite powder concentrations have varied from 20% to 40% found 10.5 to 17% enhancement in yield. Mixing carbon powder with black paint shows improvement in a rise in water temperature and heat transfer rate than CSS. According to the results, the yield of MSS was higher than the yield of CSS during experimental days. It is concluded that the payback time of MSS with 20% weight concentration and CSS found 117 days and 121 days.

Home Adjustment among High School Students in Relation to Their Gender and Residence Area

The present study aimed to know the home adjustment among high school students. It also aimed to check home adjustment with reference to gender and residence area. High School Adjustment Inventory (HSAI) constructed by A. K. Singh and A. Sen Gupta (2011) was used. The sample constituted total 120 high school students out of which 60 were from boys students (30 urban area and 30 rural area) and 60 from girl students (30 urban area and 30 rural area). The data was collected from Patan District. The data was scored, analyzed as per the manual. ‘F’ test was being calculated. The result showed that (1) There is significant difference in the mean score of home adjustment among the boys and girls high school students. The girls high school students group is having batter home adjustment than boys high school students group, (2) There is no significant difference in the mean score of home adjustment among the high school students of urban area and rural area and (3) There is no significant difference in the interactive effect of the mean scores of home adjustment with regards to the gender and residence area.

Cluster Frontline Demonstration: An Effective Technology Dissemination Approach for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Black Gram (Vigna mungo)

Background: Pulses are versatile crops that are better for nutritional security and soil health. Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is most important pulse crop, grown throughout the country. The productivity of Black gram is low in Patan district because non-adoption of scientific technologies by the farmers like use of poor quality seeds, water stress at critical stages, imbalance use of plant nutrient, infestation of weeds and incidence of pest especially mosaic, blight, tobacco caterpillar and sucking pest.Methods: The present study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Samoda- Ganwada, Taluka- Siddhpur, District - Patan (Gujarat) during Kharif season. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Patan (Gujarat) conducted 225 demonstrations in farmer’s field of Patan district during three years i.e., from Kharif, 2017-18, Kharif, 2018-19 and Kharif, 2019-20 on integrated crop management (ICM). Front line demonstrations on black gram were organized in nine cluster in different taluka of Patan District. The demonstrated technology is improved variety (GU-1), Optimum seed rate (20 Kg/Ha), Seed treatment by fungicide and insecticide, Soil inoculation by NPK-liquid consortia Bio fertilizer @ 5 Lit/ Ha, RDF as per STV, water management at critical stages, IWM and application of IPM module for the management of insect (Specially on Tobacco Caterpillar and pod borer) and Yellow Mosaic diseases.Result: Reduce the pest infestation under demonstrated technology of black gram resulted enhance the productivity is 24.51 per cent in demonstrated plot over farmers practice. The net return from demonstrated technology is ranged from Rs 28530 per ha in 2018-19 to Rs 36830 per ha in 2019-20 whereas in farmers practice, it was ranges from Rs 20700 in 2017-18 to Rs 30200 in 2019-20. The benefit: cost ratio of black gram cultivation under demonstrated technology was 3.10 whereas in farmer’s practices, it was 2.77.

Study of Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Empirical Equations in North Gujarat, India

Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources which support human health, economic development and ecological diversity. In present study groundwater recharge has been estimated using different empirical equation in North Gujarat region because of aquifer depletion is an increasing problem in this region which leads to well failure, falling of groundwater table in the study area. The groundwater recharge rate is estimated by different empirical equations proposed by Chaturvedhi, UP irrigation Research Institute, Bhattacharjee, Sehgal, Kumar & Seethapathi. The results shows that Sehgal formula give highest groundwater recharge of 30.72% in Patan district and minimum groundwater recharge of 13.47% in Banaskantha district. Also, Sehgal formula gives highest results of 201.63mm recharge of Annual average rainfall whereas Kumar & Seethapathi gives lowest results of 99.49mm in present study area.

Resistance status of one host tick Rhipicephalus microplus of arid and semi-arid region of Gujarat, India

Ticks cause various harmful effects on livestock with a combination of direct and indirect effects. Resistance status of one host tick Rhipicephalus microplus from two districts, Banaskantha (BK) and Patan (PN) of North Gujarat was tested against synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin and cypermethrin) by adult immersion test (AIT).Ticks were collected from six talukas each from BK and PN. Tick isolates from eight places showed resistance against deltamethrin having resistance factor ranging from 2.52–22.59. Further, isolates from six places, Ranuj, Dhanera, Radhanpur, Patan, Dhaneri and Kheda showed resistance against cypermethrin with resistance factor in range of 2.42–18.66. The results reveal a remarkable variance of susceptibility to deltamethrin and cypermethrin in the R. microplus populations studied. Isolates from PN district, from talukas Ranuj, Patan, Radhanpur, and Sidhpur were resistant to deltamethrin with resistance level II in all the places and resistance factors estimated were 16.73, 16.7, 9.64, and 7.25, respectively. Tick isolated from Patan, Radhanpur and Ranuj were resistant to cypermethrin with resistance level II, II and I, respectively with resistance factor of 11.74, 6.74 and 2.42, respectively. The slope and R2 values for deltamethrin resistant tick isolates were in the range of, 0.64 ± 0.33 to 2.28 ± 0.21 and 50.0 to 97.62; and that for cypermethrin resistant tick isolates was 0.64 ± 0.33 to 2.28 ± 0.21 and 46.53 to 88.26 respectively. The finding is significant, as it reports the development of resistance against most commonly used acaricides in very large area of North Gujarat and the data generated would be useful in formulation of effective control strategies against ticks of this large geographic region.

Experimental investigation on solar still with nanomaterial and dripping arrangement

ABSTRACT The scarcity of potable water for drinking purpose is everywhere in the world. The solar still can be used to provide potable water for the drinking purpose, but it has a daily yield of 3 litres/day. The experimental examination has been conducted on Modified solar still during March 2019 for climate condition of Patan district, Gujarat, India during morning 09 am to evening 06 pm. The performance enhancement of the Modified Solar still (MSS) has been carried out by the use of Zinc Oxide as nanoparticle and dripping arrangement of water compared with the Conventional Solar still (CSS). From the experiments, it has been observed that the yield of MSS and CSS found 3.04 l/m2 and 1.887 l/m2. The thermal efficiency of the MSS and CSS also determined and found 30% and 21%, respectively. It has also been observed that the modifications applied to the MSS obtained overall efficiency of 52.5%. The economic analysis of the MSS and CSS found the cost of water is, respectively, 0.95 INR/l and 0.75 INR/l. It is concluded that the solar still with nanomaterials and dripping arrangement improved the yield.

Study of Prevalence of tick Hyalomma excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae) on Bubalus bubalis in Patan District, Gujarat state, India

The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) primitively domesticated in Asia for milk and meat purpose but their health is highly compromised due to the infestation by ectoparasites so affected via vector borne disease agents. The present work was carried out to study prevalence of common tick Hyalomma excavatum parasitizing B. Bubalis population in Patan district, Gujarat state, India. The study was carried out from August 2019 to March 2020. In the present study, a total of 1595 B. bubalis (712 males, 883 females) were examined out of which 489 (30.66%) B. bubalis were tick infected while 1106 (69.34%) were free of tick. Infection rate was very high in the females (28.15%) host individuals as compared to males (2.51%). Adult individual hosts showed high rate of infection as compared to sub adults and calves. Maximum infection of H. excavatum was observed around udders and anus in female and male individuals respectively. Present study reveals vital epidemiological information of H. excavatum infection on B. bubalis population in Patan district which will be helpful in designing control and management policy for tick infestation.

Solar still with evacuated tubes and calcium stones to enhance the yield: An experimental investigation

Present research study shows the evacuated tubes coupled with solar still to enhance the yield. Basin area of 1-meter square taken for the experiments and 14 evacuated tubes have been used at a lower side of the still. Calcium stones as sensible heat storage material (SHSM) have also been utilized to enhance the yield in present work. Three modes of experiments have been performed namely conventional solar still (CSS), solar still with evacuated tubes (SSET) and solar still with evacuated tubes and calcium stones (SSETCS) during January to June 2019 at Patan District, Gujarat. Groundwater was taken as feed water in present experiments. It was examined that the average yield was enhanced by 113.52 % and 104.68 % by use of SSET and SSETCS. The payback time (PBT) also determined in current work, and it was 237 for SSETCS. At last, it was concluded that the calcium stones are good SHSM to reduce water quantity and accumulate the heat during the daytime.

Monitoring Drought and its impact on Agriculture using Drought Indices and Geo-informatics Technology in Patan District, Gujarat

Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has played a major role in the study of different types of drought i.e. agricultural or hydrological drought. The present study on agricultural Drought assessment was carried out in the Patan District of North Gujarat, India. This study focuses on the assessment of climate change and its impact on Agriculture using Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS technology. The Landsat-7 TM and Landsat-8 OLI data of February-2002 and February-2018 covering Patan District was analysed for Land use/Land Cover mapping and monitoring changes in agricultural area over the period of 16-years. The Spectral vegetation index namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was computed using Landsat-7 TM and Landsat-8 OLI digital data for assessment of changes in agricultural vegetation during the drought and normal monsoon periods. Meteorological data like Minimum & maximum Temperatures and rainfall was collected from State Data Centre. Various Drought indices like Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Potential Evapo-Transpiration (PET) and Aridity Index (AI) were computed using meteorological data of past 16-years. The results indicate that total agricultural vegetation during drought season was only 21.9 per cent (2002) which has increased to 58.7 per cent during the normal monsoon season of 2018. The rainfall deviations were computed for various years and it was observed that high negative rainfall deviations (-40 to -70%) having low rainfall occurrence were associated with negative SPI values ranging from -0.5 to -1.1 in Patan district. These positive rainfall deviations were associated with positive SPI values of 1.08, 0.57 and 0.62 of respective years indicating moderately wet and mildly wet conditions. During drought year of 2002 total precipitation was very less resulting in Aridity Index of 0.09 which is classified as hyper arid for the Patan District.

Impact of frontline demonstration programme on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Patan District of Gujarat, India

Front line demonstrations on chickpea were organized in Nayka (Sami), Ranod (Sankeshwar), Kathi (Sami) and Orumana (Sankeshwar) in 2016-17 and 2017-18. The demonstrated technology is improved variety (GJG-3), optimum seed rate (Kg/ha), seed treatment by fungicide, soil inoculation by bio fungicide along with NPK-liquid consortia bio fertilizer @ 5 lit/ ha, RDF as per STV, water management at critical stages and application of IPM module for the management of insect (specially on gram pod borer) and diseases (Wilt, dry root rot and collar rot).The results revealed that percentage increase in the yield in demonstrations over farmer practices was 28.57 per cent and 30.28 per cent in year 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The benefit: cost ratios of chick pea cultivation under improved practices were 3.12 and 2.25 as compared to 2.66 and 1.92 under farmer practices for the two consecutive years.

Study of academic achievement of higher secondary school students belonging to rural area of Patan district

The present paper aimed at measuring the Academic Achievement of High secondary level students in rural area of patan district. A survey of 317 sample from rural area were conducted. One principle variable- ‘Academic Achievement ’was considered. Researcher collected academic score from the X classes. Mean and SD as Descriptive Statistics, and ‘t’ test as Inferential Statistics were employed to find the significance of difference among the gender towards the Academic Achievement. Finally found the significant difference from null hypotheses.

Study related to adjustment of higher secondary school teachers belonging to rural area of Patan district

The present paper aimed at measuring the Adjustment of High secondary level teachers in rural area of patan district. A survey of sample from rural area were conducted. One principle variable- ‘Adjustment ’was considered. To determine the Adjustment of the teachers of Higher Secondary schools the investigator used S. K. Mangal. Mangal Teacher Adjustment Inventory Short form (MTAIS–MS) inventory as a tool. Mean and SD as Descriptive Statistics, and ‘t’ test as Inferential Statistics were employed to find the significance of difference among the gender towards the adjustment. Finally found the significant difference from null hypotheses.

Study related to academic anxiety of higher secondary school students belonging to rural area of Patan district

The present paper aimed at measuring the Academic Anxiety of High secondary level students in rural area of patan district. A survey of 317 sample from rural area were conducted. One principle variable- ‘Academic Anxiety was considered. To determine the academic Anxiety of the students of Higher Secondary school s the investigator used Academic Anxiety Invetory (EAI-SVAA) by Dr. Visal Sood and Dr. (Mrs.) Arti Anand. Mean and SD as Descriptive Statistics, and‘t’ test as Inferential Statistics were employed to find the significance of difference among the gender towards the Academic Anxiety. Finally found the significant difference from null hypotheses.