Paston Letters Research Articles

The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, Part III, ed. Richard Beadle and Colin Richmond (2005)

<i>The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, Part III,</i> ed. Richard Beadle and Colin Richmond (2005)

Before Orientalism: London's Theatre of the East, 1576-1626 by Richmond Barbour (review)

220 Reviews On the one hand, every book is inevitably the product of its own social and intellec? tual context, and caters to the 'horizon of expectation' of contemporary readers. On the other hand, the Arthurian tradition was in many ways unalterable (for instance, as Radulescu notes, Arthur can never avoid his misguided choice of Mordred as re? gent). We know what Malory's main sources were, but not which versions he used, so that we can never be absolutely certain that a particular phrase or episode is his own invention. Nevertheless, Radulescu makes some convincing arguments for his emphasis on fifteenth-centurygentry concerns, 'the interrelated concepts of worship, friendship, lordship, fellowship, governance and violence' (p. 17). One might argue that these concepts are central to any version of the Arthurian legend, but some at least seem to have had special resonances in fifteenth-centuryEngland. The concepts of worship and fellowship, for instance, appear frequently in gentry correspondence such as the Paston letters, and slander was seen as a constant danger. Radulescu quotes Carol Meale's comment that in a volatile political environment, there was '" an urge towards self-definition through the reading of history"' (p. 54). Arthurian material was found in the 'grete bokes' owned by gentryfamilies, along with 'chivalry, courtesy, governance and history' (p. 48), and Radulescu places the Morte Darthur in this tradition, along with Hardyng's Chronicle, which contains a version of the Arthurian legend. In the chapters on Malory, Radulescu takes up suggestions made by critics such as Field and McCarthy about political and social parallels between the fictional and the historical England, and adds more of her own, some structural (the marginalization of Arthur), some concerning procedural details (the decision to burn Guinevere at the stake). Not all the arguments linking Malory's work to the world of fifteenth-centurygentry are equally convincing. Radulescu suggests that Gareth is a model of how to get on in society?but Gareth is a prince and Arthur's nephew, and even if Malory did invent this tale, it is closely connected to earlier bei inconnu stories, which often involve Gawain's kin. The problem of over-powerful sub? jects challenging the control of the king may well have reminded late fifteenth-century readers ofthe Woodvilles or ofWarwick the Kingmaker, but no doubt earlier readers in both France and England saw comparable parallels in the struggles of their own times. In the section on Malory there is some repetition of themes discussed in earlier chapters. But whether or not Malory's version includes allusions to the political situ? ation in his own time, Radulescu's well-researched book is a valuable reminder of the concerns of the gentry in the fifteenthcentury and the extent to which Malory's Morte Darthur would have seemed particularly relevant to them. University of Bristol Elizabeth Archibald Before Orientalism: London's Theatre of the East, 1576-1626. By Richmond Bar? bour. (Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture) Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. 2003. xii + 238 pp. ?45; $60. ISBN 0-521-65047-x. Before Orientalism joins a growing number of studies wishing to deflect attention away from narratives of the westering of empire in the early modern period towards new scholarly horizons forcross-cultural encounters. Barbour is wholly persuasive in his initial emphasis that 'England's expansive effortswere imitative, fitful,uncertain, and not infrequently disastrous' (p. 3). Unwilling to subscribe to the 'mechanisms of mastery' (p. 2) and power often promoted in the firstwave of New Historicist criticism when dealing with exploration narratives, and believing that Said's binarist analyses of orientalism belong to a later period of high imperialism, Barbour begins by looking at the final decades of the sixteenth century, when British overseas trad- MLR, 101.1, 2006 221 ing ventures certainly sought profit (financial and political) and knowledge without necessarily formulating schemes of domination in Asia. While the introduction conjures up visions of Sir Thomas Roe's embassy to India, in the main body of the volume the firsthalt is in the fairly familiar territoryof the Ottoman Empire. This area has not been neglected critically. The 'East' of Barbour's title may be seen to include...

Writing War: Medieval Literary Responses to Warfare by Corinne Saunders , Neil Thomas A Companion to GowerThe English Prose Treatises of Richard Rolle by Claire Elizabeth McIlroy (review)

MLRy 100.3, 2005 759 Old English Phoenix: A Vision of a Vision of Paradise'; A. N. Doane, 'Beowulf and Scribal Performance'; John Miles Foley, 'How Genres Leak in Traditional Verse'; Timothy Graham, 'King Cnut's Grant of Sandwich to Christ Church, Canterbury: A New Reading of a Damaged Annal in Two Copies of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'; Nicholas Howe, 'Falling into Place: Dislocation in the Junius Book'; Sarah L. Keefer, ' "Ic" and "We" in Eleventh-Century Old English Liturgical Verse'; Michael Lapidge, 'Cynewulf and the Passio S. Iulianae'; Donald Scragg, 'A Reading of Brunanburh'; and Paul Szarmach, 'iElfricRevises: The Lives of Martin and the Idea ofthe Author'. The contributors refer continuously to Irving and have clearly drafted a number of the essays specifically to respond to his work or to resonate with his approaches. The collection thus renders just service to its subject and is an impressive testimony to the impact he left not only on Old English scholarship, but on the people who knew and worked with him. Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto Peter Dendle Writing War: Medieval Literary Responses to Warfare. Ed. by Corinne Saunders, Francoise Le Saux, and Neil Thomas. Cambridge: Brewer. 2004. x + 235 pp. ?45; $75- ISBN 0-85991-843-2. A Companion to Gower. Ed. by Sian Echard. Cambridge: Brewer. 2004. x + 286 pp. ?60; $110. ISBN 1-84384-000-6. The English Prose Treatises ofRichard Rolle. By Claire Elizabeth McIlroy. (Stu? dies in Medieval Mysticism, 4) Cambridge: Brewer. 2004. x + 212 pp. ?40; $70. ISBN 1-84384-003-0. War, love, religion: these three volumes together cover a wide area. They also differ in their approaches. Writing War is a collection of papers by historians and literary scholars. A Companion to Gower also assembles essays by differentwriters, but more systematically, in a comprehensive account of Gower and his work. The English Prose Treatises of Richard Rolle, in contrast, is a study by one author of Rolle's vernacular texts on the religious life. So we might expect these three books to light up large tracts of England's medieval literary landscape. And so they do. WritingWar is naturally the most diffuseofthe three. Rangingfrom the philosophy of Aquinas (concepts of the just war) to technological innovation (the cannon astutely positioned by Joan of Are to liberate Orleans) and war profiteering, it encompasses a vast subject. It also deals with literature beyond England. Nine of its papers were read in 2001 at a Durham conference on medieval and Renaissance responses to war, with two others (on Arthurian chronicles and Malory) appended. Christopher Allmand outlines the medieval and Renaissance fame of Vegetius, a civil servant who tried to save the declining Roman Empire with a book on the training of recruits, tactics, strategy,and fortification. Marianne Ailes informs us of the Norman chronicler Ambroise's slightly stinted admiration forRichard Coeur de Lion and other heroes of the Third Crusade. W. H. Jackson analyses warfare in the poetry of Rudolf von Ems, with its emphasis on the need for planning, discipline, and negotiating skills among the officerclass. Georges Le Brusque reports on what fifteenth-century chroniclers said of the Hundred Years War, including the Bourgeois de Paris, who described the terrible winter of 1422?3, when wolves came each night to the gates of Paris. Francoise Le Saux discusses war and knighthood in Christine de Pizan's Livre desfaits d'armes et de chevallerie, noting her pacifist opinions and emphasis on war's violence against women. Thea Summerfield sets out how Barbour in a tract for the times allocated a Messianic role to Robert the Bruce. Andrew Lynch looks at war in 760 Reviews Arthurian authors from Geoffrey of Monmouth to Malory, most of whom (with the exception of La3amon) he typifies as unthinking militarists. Simon Meecham-Jones writes on Chaucer's depiction of warfare, here quoting long passages of Vaclav Havel (given in English translation and the original Czech). K. S. Whetter details Malory's obsession with fighting. Corinne Saunders addresses herself to women and warfare in English writing fromJudith to the Paston letters, concluding that women's general attitude to war was one of passivity. Helen Cooper ends with a piece on the role...

Katherine Paston and Brilliana Harley: Maternal Letters and the Genre of Mother's Advice

Katherine Paston and Brilliana Harley:Maternal Letters and the Genre of Mother's Advice Raymond A. Anselment Among the conduct books popular in the early seventeenth century are several on maternal advice written by women who found in the newly acknowledged responsibilities of motherhood the potential for personal fulfillment.1 In particular, the numerous editions of works by Elizabeth Grymeston, Dorothy Leigh, and Elizabeth Joscelin reflect the growing Protestant recognition that mothers must share with their husbands the obligation to ensure their children's welfare.2 For any woman who has "carried her child within her, so neere [End Page 431] her hart, and brought it forth into this world with so much bitter paine," Dorothy Leigh writes, the duty to nurture is undeniable: "Will shee not instruct it in the youth, and admonish it in the age, and pray for it continually?" 3 The bond formed in the womb, as Elizabeth Grymeston further emphasizes, becomes a means of fulfillment: "There is no loue so forcible as the loue of an affectionate mother to her natur all childe: there is no mother can either more affectionately shew her nature, or more naturally manifest her affection, than in aduising her children out of her own experience."4 And yet, paradoxically, maternal nature and affection seem largely secondary, if not absent, in the "true portraiture of thy mothers minde" Grymeston leaves her son;5 nor are they strikingly apparent in the legacies of the other authors to their children. Their desire to "shew my selfe a louing Mother, and a duti full Wife"6 is more complexly and movingly apparent in the writing of two other women not traditionally associated with mother's advice books, the letters of Katherine Paston (1578-1629) and Brilliana Harley (1600-43) to their sons.7 Unlike the writing of these two mothers' published counterparts, the private correspondence of each began when her firstborn left for university and was never intended for publication, so neither mother has any need to justify her advice. The other authors exploit the threat of imminent death as an occasion not only for their own self-presentation, [End Page 432] but also as justification for addressing a readership not limited to their children.8 The meditations and counsel Elizabeth Grymeston leaves to comfort her son and serve as her memorial sometimes blur the "thou" and "thy" addressed, more concerned with representing a "register" of the meditative mother than with providing genuine maternal advice beyond a number of saws and epigrams tacked on the end. While Elizabeth Joscelin assures her husband that her legacy is intended only for their unborn child, the service and devotion she prescribes befit an ideal daily religious practice that affirms her own faith and addresses fears of death in childbirth.9 Similarly, Dorothy Leigh's desire to provide her three sons temporal and spiritual sustenance finds in motherhood the voice customarily denied women in print: the tenor and cadences of The Mothers Blessing resemble those of a sermon intended for a public audience.10 Katherine Paston's and Brilliana Harley's letters, in contrast, consciously limit their audiences, never intending or assuming readers other than their sons. Lady Harley, in fact, explicitly warns her son not to let others see the letters, sending them by the "safe hand" of carriers she trusts and including a key to decipher some of the last correspondence. The forty-three Paston letters and the 197 Harley letters reflect a spirituality common to published maternal advice; their spontaneity, however, conveys a new dimension of intimacy and affection. Together the two collections of private correspondence written on similar [End Page 433] occasions provide the opportunity to reassess the extent to which two women embodied in their lives Protestant precepts about the so-called "new mother." Each mother reveals a distinctive individuality as a woman who defines herself by her son's development. When in January 1624 thirteen-year-old William Paston left his Norfolk home for Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and when in October 1638 fourteen-year-old Edward Harley left Brampton Bryan in Herefordshire for Magdalen Hall, Oxford, they parted from mothers who led comfortable gentry lives.11 In marrying Edmund Paston, Katherine...

Letters

This paper explores the question how far “letters” as one specific text type can be subdivided into smaller groups of texts (i.e. subtypes such as “requests”, “orders”, or “reports”) on the basis of socio-psychological and pragmatic dimensions and factors, including speech act and accommodation theory. This paper argues that this differentiation into socio-pragmatic subtypes actually can be made and that these subtypes materialize in significant systematic morphosyntactic variability. The idea is explored and illustrated on the basis of pronoun and relativizer variation in the late Middle English Paston Letters. In particular, it is shown how authors use their individual stylistic freedom to pursue specific communicative purposes in different types of letters.

Quotation and Self-Fashioning in Margaret Paston’s Household Letters

Quotation and Self-Fashioning in Margaret Paston’s FFousehold Letters Valerie Creelman St. Mary’s University T he private co rrespo n d en ce an d papers of the Pastons, a fif­ teenth-century gentry family of Norfolk, England, have been an invalu­ able primary source for medieval scholars in piecing together the social, cultural, economic, and domestic details of a gentlewoman’s life in the late medieval period.1 O f particular interest have been the letters of Margaret Paston, whose correspondence represents the largest preserved collection of female-authored letters by a gentlewoman in late medieval England. Despite this abundance of material, few scholars have moved beyond the historical and philological interests of these letters to discover what they can teach us about women’s rhetorical skill, compositional practices, and participation in applied rhetorics like medieval letter-writing. Recent scholarly work on the Paston women’s letters demonstrates, however, that important steps are being taken in this direction: Diane Watt, for example, explores what she terms “household rhetoric” in discussing the Paston letters, and Roger Dalrymple examines the reactive, consolatory, and redressive aspects of the Paston women’s letters. Broader in scope, l For sociohistorical discussions of fifteenth-century gentlewomen see Archer, Goldberg, Jewell, Leyser, Power, Shahar, Swabey, and Ward. ESC 30.3 (September 2004): 111-128 Valerie Creelman is an assistant professor at Saint M ary’s University. Interested in medieval women’s writing and literate practices, she explores such topics as gender, social relations, and identity through her study of fifteenthcentury gentlewomen’s letters— particularly correspondence related to household and estate administration. She recently completed her dissertation entitled Household Words: The Rhetoricity ofFifteenthCentury Gentlewomen’s Household Letters and is currently working on several projects related to medieval women’s epistolography. Earlier this year, she was nominated for the Governor General’s Academic Gold Medal based on her doctoral work at the University of Waterloo. Albrecht Classen’s and Malcolm Richardson’s respective efforts have worked to provide scholars with a methodology and corpus of medieval women’s epistolary writings for further study. Each author’s scholarly work not only charts new approaches and directions in studying women’s episto­ lary writings, but also emphasizes the need for and importance of studying the rhetoric of women’s household letters to enrich our understanding of women’s literary history. While scholars agree that Margaret Paston’s letters display a woman of considerable influence and consequence in the Paston family, less attention has been directed to the language of Margaret Paston’s letters to determine how her linguistic and rhetorical choices contribute to this impression of her. One distinctive feature of Margaret Paston’s household letters is her frequent reference to and recital of external sources (individuals’ state­ ments or words) in her reports. Despite the prevalence of this practice throughout her correspondence, its purpose and rhetorical effects have not been fully explored. One obvious effect of Margaret’s incorporation of others’ reported speech is that it constructs her authorial position as a reporter, chronicler, and, perhaps, even translator of the household and estate-related events, information, and experience she recounts in her household letters. This reporting role has, however, largely character­ ized Margaret Paston’s subject position in these letters as a passive and peripheral one. This characterization is not entirely surprising given that, in discussions of medieval women’s literary history, the authorial roles of chronicler and translator have been identified as strategies of submission used by women to attach themselves to male authorities and participate in male literary activities (Barratt 12-16). Margaret’s own literary activity falls within this purview, for her routine composition of these household letters is attached to the male authority of her husband, John Paston 1. Margaret’s letter-writing is, after all, primarily motivated by her husband’s request that she provide him with an ongoing written account of household and estate matters. Consequently, the report mode that characterizes her speech function throughout her letters is one that speaks of her subordinate position as a wife obligated to provide her husband with frequent written reports in governing estate business in his absence. Taking this social dynamic into consideration, this...

Aural and Written Reception in Sir John Paston, Malory, and Caxton

In an essay entitled "The Pastons and Chaucer," which appears in The Common Reader, Virginia Woolf paints a portrait of the fifteenth-century gentleman, Sir John Paston: For sometimes, instead of riding off on his horse to inspect his crops or bargain with his tenants, Sir John would sit, in broad daylight, reading. There, on the hard chair in the comfortless room with the wind lifting the carpet and the smoke stinging his eyes, he would sit reading Chaucer, wasting his time, dreaming—or what strange intoxication was it that he drew from books? A whole year of days would pass fruitlessly in dreary business, like dashes of rain on the window-pane.... But Lydgate's poems or Chaucer's, like a mirror in which figures move brightly, silently, and compactly, showed him the very skies, fields, and people whom he knew, but rounded and complete. Instead of waiting listlessly for news from London or piecing out from his mother's gossip some country tragedy of love and jealousy, here, in a few pages, the whole story was laid before him. And then as he rode or sat at table he would remember some description or saying which bore upon the present moment and fixed it, or some string of words would charm him, and putting aside the pressure of the moment, he would hasten home to sit in his chair and learn the end of the story.1 The historical Sir John Paston no doubt attracted Virginia Woolf's attention because he was a great reader, lender, borrower, and collector of books. The largest family letter collection to survive from the Middle Ages, that of the Paston circle, is full [End Page 123] of references to Sir John's reading: an inventory of items stolen in an attack on Hellesdon manor lists as "taken out of" Sir John's chamber "a boke of Freynsh."2 Sir John asks his brother to send him his copy of Lydgate's "Temple off Glasse" and sends servants to collect books which he had loaned out.3 Elsewhere he asks his mother and brother for a loan so that he can have his confiscated books returned to him.4 Anxious for books but always short of cash, Sir John left his scribe, William Ebesham, begging for payment for his copying out of Paston's "book of knighthood" or "great book"—that is, a chivalric encyclopedia.5 Sir John asks his mother to send him two (unspecified) French books copied by the same scribe.6 A friend jokes with him—for Sir John was something of a lady's man—that he doesn't need to borrow his copy of Ovid's De Arte Amandi, but rather the De Remedio.7 Sir John's own inventory of his "English books" reflects a taste for the ancients, Tully in particular; for the English poets Lydgate and Chaucer, the latter of whom is represented by copies of a "Troilus," "The Legende of Ladies" and "The Parliament of Birds" (though not, as Woolf mistakenly assumed, the Canterbury Tales); for didactic moral treatises including Christine de Pizan's Othea and "in print of the Pleye of Chesse," that is, the incunable of Caxton's Game and Play of Chess; and for various Arthurian texts, including a "green Knight," a "Perceval," and a "Dethe off Arthur."8 This eldest son—known to scholars as John II since his father and brother, John III, bear the same first name—proved a disappointment to his parents (John I and Margaret), but Virginia Woolf thought that she found in him a kindred spirit. Taking a break from writing Mrs. Dalloway by reading the Paston letters, Woolf imagines in Sir John a reader who escapes from and celebrates the minutiae of life with "some string of words" that would "fix" the "present moment." Woolf praises Sir John, one of her "common readers," as occupying the boundary between...

Have do Make and Have do and Make in the Paston Letters

Have do Make and Have do and Make in the Paston Letters

Have do Make and Have do and Make in the Paston Letters

1Chiba University

Collocational and Idiomatic Aspects of Composite Predicates in the History of English (review)

Reviewed by: Colloquial and idiomatic aspects of composite predicates in the history of English ed. by Laurel J. Brinton, Minoji Akimoto Karen Steffen Chung Colloquial and idiomatic aspects of composite predicates in the history of English. Ed. by Laurel J. Brinton and Minoji Akimoto. (Studies in language companion series.) Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1998. Pp. xii, 283. This book, a follow-up volume to Brinton’s 1998 The development of English aspectual systems: Aspectualizers and post-verbal particles (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), introduces a fresh historical angle to the growing literature on English compound verbs. The seven papers plus introduction by Japanese and Western scholars cover the development of complex verbs from Old to Late Modern English. The main collocation types examined in this volume are light verb + deverbal noun, such as do a report, make a call, give an answer; and verb + postverbal particle, e.g. write down, dust off, think over, which often express Aktionsart, or lexical rather than syntactic aspect. The first paper, which is by the editors, presents interesting representative examples of Old English collocations with verbs such as (ge)macian ‘make’, sellan, giefan ‘give’, habban ‘have’, and (ge)niman, tacan ‘take’ + N, and concludes that this type of construction is a native development in English which was reinforced by a parallel form in Latin. The second paper, by Meiko Matsumoto, continues an examination of the development of these verb types in Middle English. By this time the construction has become partially but not highly idiomaticized, a feature partly revealed by the use of adjectival as opposed to adverbial modification of the expression. In Ch. 4, the third paper, Harumi Tanabe examines ‘Composite predicates and phrasal verbs in The Paston Letters’, a collection of letters and documents from the late fifteenth century. Tanabe does a frequency count and analysis of the various light verb + N constructions, noting the incidence of modifiers such as zero article, possessive pronouns, and adjectives, and the low frequency of passivization of this construction type. Risto Hiltunen picks up the developmental thread for the Early Modern English period in Ch. 5, basing her observations mainly on a corpus of dramatic, poetic, and prose texts. Hiltunen identifies four patterns in the constructions based on article use and plurality. For Ch.6, Merja Kytö conducted a corpus-based study of the light verbs make, have, give, take, and do for the same period, taking special note of similarities and differences between the verbs and their use. Included is an appendix listing which deverbal nouns appear with which verbs. Co-editor Akimoto wrote a comparable chapter for the Late Modern English period, also taking into consideration prepositional phrases such as in connection with and with regard to. Ch.8, by Elizabeth Closs Traugott, offers ‘A historical overview of complex predicate types’. This chapter summarizes major events in the evolution of this construction type for each period, putting each development into historical perspective. An impressive collection of references for the entire volume appears in the back of the book, and [End Page 204] there is a short general index, something not always provided in collections of papers. This carefully and attractively produced volume promises to be a valuable resource to scholars with a particular interest in the growth and enrichment of the English language through complex verb development. Karen Steffen Chung National Taiwan University Copyright © 2002 Linguistic Society of America

The Fading Influence of the Medieval Ars Dictaminis in England After 1400

The influence of dictaminal treatises in England was weak throughout the Middle Ages and largely restricted to a limited number of royal clerks and a few academics. Most practitioners were royal chancery clerks who dealt with foreign and ecclesiastical powers. This article focuses chiefly on the use of dictaminal letters by middle class English citizens in the fifteenth and earlier sixteenth centuries. These letters show little significant influence of continental or English dictaminal theory but are chiefly either sprawling news bulletins like the Paston letters or, more commonly, imitations of the royal missives from the Signet or Privy Seal offices. As the fifteenth century ended even these vestigial dictaminal forms were replaced among the middles classes by business formats, such as the letter of credit, although they retained some use among the upper classes into the sixteenth century and in some royal missives into the eighteenth century. The article concludes with suggestions on ways contemporary genre theory might be usefully applied to analyze the rise and decline of the ars dictaminis.

Remnants of the Old Order: OV in the Paston Letters

Remnants of the Old Order: OV in the Paston Letters

‘Innumerable Letters of Good Consequence in History’: The Discovery and First Publication of the Paston Letters

‘Innumerable Letters of Good Consequence in History’: The Discovery and First Publication of the Paston Letters

Sir John Fenn, His Friends and the Paston Letters

SummaryJohn Fenn was born to modest circumstances, enough to pay for school and university and, with other inheritance, to support him as a small country squire. Brought up by his widowed mother in habits of thrift and industry, he shared her views on the importance of education to a ‘Situation in Life’. He was conscious of intellectual curiosity from an early age and developed a strong bent for antiquities, probably encouraged by acquaintance as a schoolboy with Thomas Martin, a senior antiquary and a collector who had recently acquired the ‘Paston Letters’. At Cambridge Fenn worked hard and made friends of similar tastes but rather better connections, especially John Frere, whose sister he married. Established at East Dereham, his zeal expanded into civic duties, bringing him eventually to the High Sheriffalty of Norfolk. It mattered to him as much to become a Fellow of the ‘Antiquarian Society’, and his industry persisted in miscellaneous antiquarian pursuits. He came by the Paston Letters as rewards for cataloguing their new owner's collections. Brother antiquaries and Horace Walpole encouraged him to publish; a good connection arranged for dedication to the King. The consequent knighthood gratified both sides of Fenn's nature but the original manuscripts intended for his sovereign went astray into the library of his patron.

Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Part II

Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Part II

Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Norman Davis

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsPaston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Norman Davis Kenneth G. MadisonKenneth G. Madison Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 54, Number 2Apr., 1979 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2854989 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1979 Mediaeval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Addendum: Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Part II

Addendum: Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Part II

Norman Davis, editor. &lt;italic&gt;Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century&lt;/italic&gt;. Parts 1 and 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1971, 1976. Pp. lxxxvii, 671, i–xii; xxxiii, 664, xiii–xxiv. $38.50; $52.00

Journal Article Norman Davis, editor. Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Parts 1 and 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1971, 1976. Pp. lxxxvii, 671, i–xii; xxxiii, 664, xiii–xxiv. $38.50; $52.00 Get access Davis Norman, editor. Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Parts 1 and 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1971, 1976. Pp. lxxxvii, 671, i–xii; xxxiii, 664, xiii–xxiv. $38.50; $52.00. Joel T. Rosenthal Joel T. Rosenthal State University of New York, Stony Brook Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 83, Issue 1, February 1978, Pages 156–157, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/83.1.156 Published: 01 February 1978

REVIEWS AND SHORT NOTICES

REVIEWS AND SHORT NOTICES

REVIEWS OF BOOKS

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, Part I. Edited by NORMAN DAVIS(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. £12) R. VIRGOE R. VIRGOE University of EastAngliaOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXVIII, Issue CCCXLVII, April 1973, Pages 378–380, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXVIII.CCCXLVII.378 Published: 01 April 1973