Past Travel Experience Research Articles

Do we pay based on our past travel experience? A moderated mediation model of tourists’ willingness to pay

PurposeThis study aims to test the first and second-stage moderating effects of tourists’ past travel experiences on the relationships between national responses, destination trust and tourists’ willingness to pay in the post-pandemic recovery era.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was tested with a sample of 398 tourists in Vietnam. The path analysis was applied to investigate the mediating and moderating effects.FindingsThe findings emphasise the mediating effect of destination trust in the relationships between national responses and tourists’ willingness to pay. With the moderating effect of past travel experience, all the first-stage indirect effects are significant, but the second-stage indirect effects are significant only at a high level of past travel experience.Originality/valueThis study provides theoretical implications for solving the puzzle about the paradox of trust in the government’s responses in the post-pandemic era. Practical implications for destination marketing organisations in the post-pandemic recovery era are then discussed.

Understanding the Post‐Pandemic Travel Intentions Among Chinese Residents: Impact of Sociodemographic Factors, COVID Experiences, Travel Planned Behaviours, Health Beliefs, and Resilience

ABSTRACTWe investigate the shift of travel intentions among Chinese residents following the end of China's Zero‐COVID policy in December 2022. Focusing on the 2023 Spring Festival, the first major holiday after the pandemic, we examine the factors influencing travel intentions, including travel experiences during COVID‐19, sociodemographics, infection and vaccination experiences, travel planned behaviours, health beliefs, and resilience. Using a cohort study approach, we conducted online surveys in two phases. Initial findings from 1, 263 respondents pre‐holiday indicated a moderate intention to travel (average 3.3 out of 5). The results reveal diminishing effects of COVID‐19 vaccination, infection experiences and health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity and benefits) over time. Past travel experiences, planned behaviours (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control), perceived barriers and resilience significantly elevate travel intentions in the post‐COVID period. Additionally, a post‐holiday survey found that 44.3% of 79 participants had travelled, providing insight into the evolving travel tendencies.

Traveling with Perceived Risks to a “COVID-19-Shaken” Destination in the New Normal Era

This paper investigates how tourists develop adaptive perceptions in response to pandemic situations and how these perceptions influence their international travel decision-making toward a COVID-19-shaken destination in the new normal era. The survey was administered to Chinese potential international tourists and 608 questionnaires were utilized in data analysis. The results revealed the indirect effect of COVID-19 risk perception on travel intention first through cognitive image and then through affective image. Cognitive and affective images were identified as mediators of these interrelationships. The findings also showed that COVID-19 displayed varying effects on tourists with different past travel experiences. By unveiling factors influencing individuals’ travel decision-making in the new normal era, this study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the psychological and behavioral effects caused by a pandemic; delineating the underlying mechanism of the COVID-19 risk perception effect on international travel decision-making; expanding the research on destination image by clarifying the mediating roles of cognitive and affective images and their relation; providing timely and insightful implications for post-pandemic tourism recovery.

Driving young Muslim loyalty toward Muslim-majority tourism destinations: the sense of community theory perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the sense-of-community role in affecting young Muslim loyalty towards Muslim-majority tourism destinations. Specifically, this research assesses the sense of community dimension in the halal tourism context and evaluates its effects on destination satisfaction, image and loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThis research used a quantitative approach by using data from 376 young Indonesian Muslim tourists with past travel experiences to destinations where Muslims are the majority. The dimension of the sense of community was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The association between variables was tested using partial least square-structural equation modelling.FindingsThe finding exhibits three notable sense of community dimensions: membership, influence and need fulfilment and emotional connection. Emotional connection shapes, directly and indirectly, destination loyalty, while influence and need fulfilment affect destination loyalty by satisfaction and destination image mediating role. Lastly, membership has no impact on developing destination loyalty.Practical implicationsThis study offers tourism destinations in Muslim-majority countries an opportunity to draw and create loyalty among young Muslim tourists. Besides offering superior halal services and products, Muslim-majority tourism destinations need to develop young Muslim tourists' emotional connection to the destinations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical examination of the sense of community's role in influencing tourist loyalty, specifically in halal tourism.

Factors that Influencing Revisit Intention to Japan towards Japanese Culture Enthusiast

This study aims to analyze the relationship between country image variables, travel constraints, past travel experience, tourist motivation, attitude, subjective norms, and revisit intention in Japan. This research uses quantitative research methods. This study uses quantitative data to determine the relationship between variables and explain the phenomena that occur systematically and accurately. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the factors of country image, travel constraints, past travel experience, tourist motivation, attitude to revisit, and subjective norms on revisit intention. Data collection in this study is done using a questionnaire, and analysis of this research is done using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The number of samples collected and used for research analysis with 32 items was 160. The results of the study show that factors that significantly influence attitudes toward revisiting are travel constraints, past travel experience, and tourist motivation. Meanwhile, the factors that significantly influence revisit intention are only past travel experience and subjective norms. Revisit intention is closely related to past travel experience and subjective norms, where tourists tend to consider their past experiences in visiting a place and also the advice or opinions of the closest people who determine their decision to visit Japan again.

The Influential Roles of Past Experience, Affective Attitude, and Destination Culture on Thai Tourists’ Likelihoods of Revisitation and Recommendation

Drawing upon tourism contribution, tourists’ visitations are the backbone of the country’s economic growth and development. This study thus aims to test a structural model for examining the relationship between tourists’ affection, cultural perceptions, their revisit, and recommendation intentions through the mediating role of past travel experience. To test our hypotheses, 547 questionnaires from Thai tourists were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that all hypotheses are substantially confirmed and statistically significant except for the affective attitude aspect which is not found to influence tourists’ revisit and recommendation intentions. Notwithstanding, we found that the tourist experience catalyzes revisit and recommendation intentions. However, tourists’ affection perception only nurtures their travel experience, but not for revisitation and recommendation. As such, this study sheds a new laser light on how tourists’ perceptions can influence future economic growth. The recommendations and suggestions on these findings are explained and can be an avenue for future research. Implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and the Asian business context are also presented.

Impact of anxiety and tourists' habits on their intention to vacation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Treatment effect analysis

This research aims to examine how tourists' anxiety, fear, and travel habits influenced their travel intentions to Switzerland after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the relaxation of containment measures. This study uses the endogenous treatment effect method to analyze the impact of travel habits and fear on travel intentions, surveying 1042 travelers from Western Europe, India, the United States, and Switzerland and applying the two-stage least squares (2SLS) technique. The findings indicate that non-anxious tourists visiting rural areas and usually on short to medium-duration vacations were highly willing to travel. Anxious tourists who had previously traveled to ski resorts also expressed willingness to travel after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, non-anxious tourists typically making individual travel arrangements had greater intent to travel. This analysis suggests that positive past travel experiences increase the desire to travel despite negative factors like health risks and social distancing constraints, and the primary motivation for travel is to engage in outdoor activities as a response to confinement These results are important for travel agencies as they can leverage them to target and encourage tourists with appropriate offers and targeted promotional campaigns.

Clinical Implications for the Comprehensive Interpretation of Radiologic and Immunodiagnostic Tests in Patients Suspected of Parasitic Hepatic Cyst, a Rare Case in Korea

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a representative neglected tropical disease (NTD) with increased morbidity and mortality but is ignored and overlooked in developed countries. Serological and radiographic findings are helpful in distinguishing these parasites; however, conflicting results of these can make it difficult to diagnose if medical knowledge of hepatic parasitic disease, including the etiology, features of imaging, and immunodiagnostic test, is not acquired. We report the case of a male patient with dyspepsia and right epigastric pain who had positive results for cysticercosis antibodies on immunodiagnostic examination. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed two huge communicating cystic lesions measuring 8-11 cm. Further evaluations for cysticercosis of the brain (neurocysticercosis) and eyes (intraocular cysticercosis) were unremarkable throughout the brain imaging test and fundus examination. A laparoscopic right hemi-hepatectomy was performed for diagnosis and treatment. On histopathological examination, diverse stages of Echinococcus granulosus were identified. Albendazole was administered postoperatively, and the patient was also followed up. We should be aware of the etiologies that have been prevalent in parasite infection thought to be the cause of hepatic cysts. Moreover, we make an effort to ascertain the patient's nationality, past travel experiences, and immediate environment, including any animals and pets. We present the case of a patient who was worried about the possibility of liver invasion of cysticercus due to the positivity of the cysticercosis antibody and was ultimately diagnosed with CE.

What do we know about immigrants’ travel behaviour? A systematic literature review and proposed conceptual framework

ABSTRACT Immigrants make up a significant population in many countries; in some countries as many as 30% of the population was born overseas. An increasing number of studies have found that immigrants are likely to travel differently to their native-born counterparts. But to date the reasons for these differences have been explored disparately across many different countries and contexts, which makes it difficult to determine whether these findings are transferrable. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework of immigrant travel behaviour using a systematic literature review of existing studies. A systematic search uncovered 48 studies of immigrant travel behaviour between 2004 and 2022; nearly half of these studies were published in the last five years. Most studies found that on average, immigrants drove less and used other modes (including carpool) more than native-born counterparts, but that travel behaviour tends to assimilate toward the norm over time. We propose two broad factors that influence this process: direct effects including demographics, attitudes, past travel behaviour and socio-cultural norms; and the role of ethnic enclaves which set the scene for the transport and land-use system experienced by immigrant communities. But all of these factors play out differently against the intersecting background of an immigrants’ country of origin and country of destination. Given this complexity, future research should explore a greater variety of immigrant cohorts and look in greater depth at the past travel experiences of immigrants. If we choose not to consider where people come from, we risk further excluding potentially vulnerable groups as well as potentially missing out on a growing market for more sustainable transport solutions.

Examining Chinese Tourists' Revisit Intention in Southeast Asian Countries

Southeast Asian countries have been regarded as popular holiday destinations among Chinese tourists. In recent years, tourism and travel industries in Southeast Asia have benefited from China's Belt and Road Initiative, drawing a large number of Chinese visitors. This study examined Chinese tourists' revisit intention towards Southeast Asia via an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. The added variables (destination attachment and past travel experience) can advance the theoretical understanding of the TPB model. This study also examines the moderating role of destination attachment and past travel experience on attitude towards revisit intention. Questionnaires were designed for data collection with 314 completed responses. The results of the study found that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and destination attachment can determine Chinese tourists' revisit intention. Tourism practitioners in Southeast Asian countries need to understand tourists' past behavior and destination attachment on their attitude towards revisiting destination; practitioners can also consider enhancing tourists' emotional connections and attachments to the destination in the post-COVID era. This study's implication serves as a reference for other tourism destinations in the world.

Travel despite the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for tourism recovery.

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the global tourism industry. This study explores why some Chinese residents travel during the pandemic. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, guided by the health belief model and relevant literature. Through 21 interviews with Chinese tourists who took an overnight leisure trip in May 2020, and a national survey among Chinese residents, this study explored factors influencing Chinese residents’ travel-related decisions and behaviors during the pandemic. Results outline the influences of health beliefs, government trust, past travel experience, and psychological capital on tourists’ risk-reduction behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications are provided regarding tourism recovery during pandemics.

Understanding the Impact of Conflict on Risk Perceptions and Travel Behaviour: Attitudes of Dutch Pilgrims and Tourists towards Palestine

This research aims to get a better understanding of the impact of conflict on risk perceptions and attitudes of affecting Dutch travel behaviour towards Palestine. The research process involved an online self-administered method created with one of the leading research and web-based survey tools called Qualtrics. The questionnaire was filled in by 462 respondents. Findings indicate that Palestine is perceived as an unsafe destination to travel to. Palestine is perceived as moderately appealing as a holiday destination. The weather, price, culture, and religious features are seen as important factors which are appealing to Palestine as a holiday destination. The respondents who had past travel experiences in Palestine the most were likely to revisit the destination. The advice given by friends and relatives is seen as the most trustworthy information source. Traveling with an organised tour and traveling in a group are seen as the most effective risk reduction strategies which can be applied during the trip and, therefore, could have implications for Destination Management Organisations.

Antecedents of Tourists’ Perceived Risks: Experience from Tanzania

This study seeks to determine the perceived risks of tourists visiting Tanzania based on their demographic characteristics by using a five-dimensional framework of tourists’ perceived risk. Data was gathered from 136 international tourists through convenient sampling. The perceived risks studied include political risks, performance risks, physical health risks, plan risks, and financial risks. This study has identified significant differences in the tourists’ perceived risks because of gender, age, level of education, income, past travel experience, number of visits, travel companionship, and nationality, which are discussed in this paper. The findings are expected to assist the policymakers, marketing managers, tourists service providers and other stakeholders in Tanzania’s tourism industry must consider. Other studies in the future may use different sampling techniques; also, a follow-up study may be carried out to find how the situation relating to the risks has improved over time. Finally, this study focused on five types of risks; thus, other studies may look at more types of risks

Tourists’ risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention during the COVID-19

Considering the coronavirus risk, the purpose of the study is to reveal the group differences in travel risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention in terms of the tourists’ sociodemographic characteristics – gender, age and past travel experience. A convenience sampling was used and members of the eligible travel groups on social media platforms were invited to respond to an online survey. A total of 160 responses were obtained from Turkey in January 2021. Exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-tests and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to analyse the data. This study determined the differences in the risk perception of coronavirus, travel behaviour and travel intention of tourists in terms of gender and age of tourists. Although it is known that the higher the experience, the lower the risk perception, the study showed no differences associated with the past travel experience. This supposes that all tourists, regardless of their past experience, perceived the coronavirus risk in the same way as its influence has been tremendous globally. Consequently, tourism professionals should attract target markets at the appropriate time with compatible strategies regarding the sociodemographic factors.

Holiday travel intention in a crisis scenario: a comparative analysis of Spain's main source markets

ObjetivoEste estudio propone una extensión del modelo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB) para comprender las intenciones de visitar España de los viajeros internacionales. El objetivo es comparar si las variables que predicen la intención de viajar difieren según la nacionalidad. Esta extensión del modelo incluye variables como: riesgo percibido, lealtad al destino, experiencia de viaje anterior, clima de la opinión pública y el boca a boca electrónico (eWOM).Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe desarrolló un modelo de indicadores y causas múltiples (MIMIC) como modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para predecir la intención de viajar de los 1978 participantes. El modelo estructural se utilizó para comprobar el modelo teórico para la muestra total y por nacionalidades (alemanes, británicos y otros países europeos).RecomendacionesLos modelos ampliados propuestos se ajustaron bien a los datos, explicando entre el 64% y el 68% de la varianza total, si bien se encontraron diferencias en función de la nacionalidad del turista. El modelo MIMIC indicó que la intención de los alemanes de viajar a un destino de vacaciones estaba influenciada por su percepción de riesgo, el eWOM y la lealtad a España. En el grupo británico, solo las variables TPB resultaron relevantes. Para el grupo de otras nacionalidades europeas, la lealtad y el eWOM también fueron significativas. Sin embargo, la experiencia de viaje, utilizada en estudios previos, se mostró no significativa en todos los grupos. En general, estos resultados ofrecen información sobre cómo las personas de diversos países y culturas adoptan los constructos antes mencionados cuando toman decisiones de viaje.Originalidad/valorEstudios previos han aplicado varios TPB extendidos a un país específico o han comparado los resultados entre países asiáticos. Nuestra propuesta hace una comparación de las variables utilizadas para predecir la intención de visitar un destino vacacional entre países europeos.

How Tourists' Perception Affects Travel Intention: Mechanism Pathways and Boundary Conditions.

Tourist subjectivities have an important effect on behavioral intentions. Under the background of normalization, tourism decision-making manifests primarily in tourists’ individual preferences, which has led much research to ignore the importance of other subjective factors, as well as objective environmental factors. In the COVID-19 era, tourism behavior’s social attributes have become more prominent; the effect of important others or organizations’ attitudes toward tourism behavior, as well as personal knowledge, ability, and experience in preventing and controlling tourism risks, are evident. This study integrates knowledge-attitude-behavior (KAB), Theory of Perceived Risk (TPR), Social Identity Theory (SIT), and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), along with a comprehensive framework method, to construct an integrated model exploring the impact of knowledge, identity, and perceived risk on travel intention, to analyze its pathways and effects, to resolve the issue of mechanism, to analyze the moderating effect of past travel experience, and to answer the problem of boundary conditions. It finds that knowledge, perceived risk, and identity have a significant positive impact on travel intention; travel attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control mediate the influence of knowledge, perceived risk, and identity on travel intention; these mechanism pathways do not always exist. The positive adjustment of past travel experiences shows that repeat visitors have a greater impact than newcomers and potential tourists.

The Relationships Between Motivation, Prior Knowledge, Involvement, Attitude, and Behavioral Intention: Focusing on Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival

motivations, attitude, and behavioral intention toward the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival, China. It is also to test moderating roles of gender and past travel experience between these factors. Design/methodology/approach - Data was collected from potential Chinese visitors, after which 420 usable surveys were processed. Findings - To investigate our hypotheses, we used descriptive, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. We found that aesthetic attractiveness, purchase of local products, and involvement had positive effects on attitude toward the festival. Attitude toward the festival had a significant effect on behavioral intention to visit. Finally, it was also found that gender and past travel experience significantly moderated the interrelationships between these factors. Research implications or Originality Theoretical and managerial implications, as well as, suggestions for future research are discussed.

Foreign tourists’ experiences under air pollution: Evidence from big data

Air pollution has become a major hurdle to tourists' experiences in many destinations. This study uses a large sample of TripAdvisor reviews for Chinese attractions and applies a five-way fixed-effects model to estimate the impact of air pollution on attraction ratings. Results show that an increase in the PM2.5 concentration led to a decline in foreign tourists' 5-point ratings of their experiences. Several factors appear to moderate this effect, such as tourists' past travel experience, year of travel, attraction types, tourists' national cultural traits, and air pollution in tourists' home countries. Tourists are more vulnerable to air pollution when coming from countries with more feminine and collectivist cultures and countries with lower air pollution. Across six air pollutants, only PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are found to significantly influence foreign tourists’ experiences. Lastly, practical implications are provided.

The influence of the onboard servicescape on cruisers’ experiential state, delight and memorability

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of the servicescape on experiential state, delight and memorability in the context of the cruise experience. This study also analyzes the moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics (income and place of residency) and prior travel experience.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, structural equation modeling via partial least squares path modeling was applied to a sample of 415 cruisers. A multi-group analysis was used to test the moderating effects.FindingsStudy results confirm the predictive role of the servicescape in creating experience, delight and memorability, with a place of residence, past travel experience and income exerting moderating effects on the aforementioned relationships.Practical implicationsThe results offer useful insights for managers who operate not only in the cruise industry but also in other service contexts. Moreover, the moderating effects offer novel insights into smarter marketing on the part of service companies oriented toward value co-creation.Originality/valueOnly a few recent studies have focused on the servicescape in the context of the cruise industry. This study contributes to the literature by providing a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for analyzing the role of the onboard servicescape in cruisers’ experience, delight and memorability while also considering the moderating effects that of sociodemographic and travel-related characteristics exert on the different paths.

Perceptions of Risks amidst COVID-19 on the Youth’s Domestic Travel Intentions in Ghana

Domestic tourism serves as a “mainstay” of the tourism sectors in many parts of the world, particularly in developed countries, such as China and India. With an increase in the growth of the youth globally, young travelers have unique travel intentions other than the general population. There is the need to probe on young travelers since recent findings reveal that the youth has not been affected by the crises. The aim is to examine the risks perceptions of the youth regarding domestic travel amidst the pandemic and tourist characteristics were also explored. The study integrates Roger’s protection motivation theory to address the aim of the study. Based on stratified sampling, 300 completed questionnaires were used for analyses. Findings revealed that sources of information and number of past travel experiences influence perceptions of risks amidst the COVID-19 crises. The results of this study show that physical risk does affect participants travel intentions during the pandemic. Results of this research may aid in developing interventions for promoting domestic tourism and modelling domestic travel demands; add up to the status quo of domestic travel research on COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana and for future marketing campaigns.