Past Thoughts Research Articles

Depression and Mindfulness: Reclaiming the Past, Present, and Future

This article explores the temporal disturbances experienced in depression and the potential effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in addressing these disturbances. Drawing upon a Husserlian framework, this article examines the three temporal phases of experience: retention, primal impression, and protention. These phases constitute the temporal fusion that allows us to perceive an event as a temporally extended event, encompassing the past, present, and future. In depression, the sense of anticipation and the belief in the potential for positive change are diminished, leading to a perception of the future as static and unchangeable, hence resembling the past. Depressed individuals also encounter disruptions in their experience of the past, as past thoughts resurface in consciousness at the present moment, further hindering the individuals’ ability to conceive of an open future where things could improve in meaningful ways. Mindfulness-based interventions offer a pathway for detachment from rumination and restoration of the perception of the present and future as contingent and filled with possibilities. By focusing on the present moment and cultivating awareness of experiences in each present “now,” individuals can experience the present as fused with the past and the future.

Classification of suicidal thoughts and behaviour in children: results from penalised logistic regression analyses in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.

Despite efforts to predict suicide risk in children, the ability to reliably identify who will engage in suicide thoughts or behaviours has remained unsuccessful. We apply a novel machine-learning approach and examine whether children with suicide thoughts or behaviours could be differentiated from children without suicide thoughts or behaviours based on a combination of traditional (sociodemographic, physical health, social-environmental, clinical psychiatric) risk factors, but also more novel risk factors (cognitive, neuroimaging and genetic characteristics). The study included 5885 unrelated children (50% female, 67% White, 9-11 years of age) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We performed penalised logistic regression analysis to distinguish between: (a) children with current or past suicide thoughts or behaviours; (b) children with a mental illness but no suicide thoughts or behaviours (clinical controls); and (c) healthy control children (no suicide thoughts or behaviours and no history of mental illness). The model was subsequently validated with data from seven independent sites involved in the ABCD study (n = 1712). Our results showed that we were able to distinguish the suicide thoughts or behaviours group from healthy controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.80 child-report, 0.81 for parent-report) and clinical controls (0.71 child-report and 0.76-0.77 parent-report). However, we could not distinguish children with suicidal ideation from those who attempted suicide (AUROC: 0.55-0.58 child-report; 0.49-0.53 parent-report). The factors that differentiated the suicide thoughts or behaviours group from the clinical control group included family conflict, prodromal psychosis symptoms, impulsivity, depression severity and history of mental health treatment. This work highlights that mostly clinical psychiatric factors were able to distinguish children with suicide thoughts or behaviours from children without suicide thoughts or behaviours. Future research is needed to determine if these variables prospectively predict subsequent suicidal behaviour.

Flexibility mindsets: Reducing biases that result from spontaneous processing

ABSTRACT Spontaneous (i.e., heuristic, fast, effortless, and associative) processing has clear advantages for human cognition, but it can also elicit undesirable outcomes such as stereotyping and other biases. In the current article, we argue that biased judgements and behaviour that result from spontaneous processing can be reduced by activating various flexibility mindsets. These mindsets are characterised by the consideration of alternatives beyond one’s spontaneous thoughts and behaviours and could, thus, contribute to bias reduction. Research has demonstrated that eliciting flexibility mindsets via goal and cognitive conflicts, counterfactual thinking,, recalling own past flexible thoughts or behaviour, and adopting a promotion focus reduces biases in judgements and behaviour. We summarise evidence for the effectiveness of flexibility mindsets across a wide variety of important phenomena – including creative performance, stereotyping and prejudice, interpersonal behaviour, and decision-making. Finally, we discuss the underlying processes and potential boundary conditions.

Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview–Revised (SITBI-R): Reliability, Validity, and Inter-Informant Agreement in an Adolescent Sample

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties and inter-informant agreement of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Revised (SITBI-R) in adolescents and their parents. Method: Suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents from the community (N = 206), ages 12–19 years, were administered the SITBI-R during a lab visit. Approximately half of the adolescents’ parents opted to complete a parent assessment, including the SITBI-R, on behalf of their child. Inter-rater reliability, convergent validity, and inter-informant agreement were assessed. Results: The SITBI-R exhibited overall excellent inter-rater reliability and good convergent validity in adolescents. Parent-adolescent agreement ranged from fair to poor across most outcomes, with parents tending not to report past self-injurious thoughts and behaviors endorsed by their children. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the SITBI-R can be extended for use with adolescents. Future research should evaluate moderators and implications of parent-adolescent disagreement, particularly with regard to suicide risk.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DENGAN VARIABEL MEDIASI KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA RUMAH MAKAN AMPALU RAYA PADANG

Abstract: This research was conducted to determine the effect of productquality on consumer loyalty with mediating variables of customersatisfaction at the Ampalu Raya Padang Restaurant. To determine thesample in this study using simple random sampling with the criteria, (a)Answering domiciled in the city of Padang, (b) Knowing the Ampalu RayaRestaurant, (c) Medium or ever making a purchase more than twice. Thisstudy used a sample of 150 respondents obtained from the Hair method.This study uses quantitative methods and survey methods in collectingdata about attitudes, feelings, beliefs of past behavior and thoughts relatedto SEM-PLS 3 software. The results of this study reveal the quality of foodthat results in significant consumer loyalty in Ampalu Raya Restauant,product quality is important for consumers at Ampalu Raya Restaurant,customer satisfaction affects consumers significantly at Ampalu RayaRestaurant, customer satisfaction is related fully mediating product qualityto customers at Ampalu Raya Restauant. From the R2 value of customersatisfaction variables can be determined by the poduct quality variable of54.7 percent explained by other variables that are not examined, customerloyalty can be explained by product quality variable and customersatisfaction by 56.3 percent, the rest explained by variables othervariables not examinded.Key Words: Product Quality, Consumer Satisfaction, Consumer Loyalty

Neomodernisme Islam dalam Perspektif Fazlur Rahman

According to observers of Islamic thought, Fazlur Rahman is a figure whose thoughts are categorized as neomodernism, a pattern of thought that combines modern and traditional thought. Modernism, according to this pattern, is not something to be rejected, but modernism does not mean that the nature of traditionalism must be set aside. This is certainly in line with the Islamic thought of Fazlur Rahman who is always in developing his thoughts to see the development of past thoughts. In some cases, even the two realms of thought (modernism and traditionalism) can go hand in hand. If people follow Fazlur Rahman's way of thinking in all his works according to Syafi'i Ma'arif, people will know that he is very interested in developing the awareness of Muslims about their historical responsibilities with a solid moral foundation. This foundation can only be created if the Koran as a source of perfect moral teaching is understood in full and unified. This true and complete understanding must be done through a methodology that can be accounted for in a religious and scientific manner. According to Rahman, without an accurate and correct methodology, an understanding of the content of the Qur'an may be misleading, especially when approached partially and separately.

Dare to be Different: Life Experience Narrative of BTEC Best Graduate

The aims of this research explained how the past, present, and future thoughts help to form the decision of an alumnus is still nineteen years old in explored a hobby and dreamed of becoming an entrepreneur. From interviews and analyses made, information gathered shows that the interviewee's past has generated confidence, independence and a sense of responsibility that contribute to the decision. The current situation experienced by the interviewee which is full support from parents and the ability to think rationality about her plan, enables her to make this decision. The interviewee also viewed her future with an acceptable plan supported by her family business as the last resort if her plan cannot be fruitful. This research opens an opportunity for stakeholders in the education field to understand and interpret this unorthodox life story wisely.

Dignity as a subject of pedagogical reflection (to the solution of a contemporary issue by means of analysis of foreign thinkers’ of the past thoughts on dignity)

The relevance of the paper is motivated by the importance of understanding the category of dignity as a category of pedagogical ethics. The author motivates the social relevance of solving a pedagogical plan of the issue of dignity by the fact that the value of dignity in current geopolitical and sociocultural conditions can become the basis of mutual understanding of peoples aspiring to preserve their cultural identity, to recognize the right to uphold traditional values for each of them. While developing a theoretical plan of the issue, the author proceeds from the idea that the basis for its solution should be an analysis of the ideas of thinkers and philosophers of the past that are of great importance to the present. The paper shows how the content of the dignity category, which is relevant for pedagogical ethics, is gradually being formed. Understanding of dignity by Plato is correlated with its understanding by Aristotle: for Plato, dignity is a virtue, which is manifested in the worthy behavior of a person, the quality of the soul (the dignity of the soul lies in wisdom); Aristotle connects dignity of a person with his/her deeds and actions, points to the importance of dignity in friendship based on equality, and not on superiority, on the inherent value of a person, and not on the choice of friends for benefit or pleasure. Summing up the analysis of the ancient thinkers ideas on dignity, the author draws special attention to the fact that it is the orientation to recognition of the dignity by each party of communication that is considered the basis of its adequacy. When analyzing ideas of T. Hobbes and I. Kant, the concept of price of a person becomes the key one. The author shows that T. Hobbes speaks of dignity as the superiority of some subjects over others (intellectual dignity, implying mental abilities, social value of a person, that is, the price given to him/her by the state) and emphasizes the social status of the phenomenon of dignity. I. Kant distinguishes between the concepts of price and dignity, assuming that dignity has neither value nor equivalent, it is higher than price and evaluation, that a person is respected for dignity as an internal moral value, and not for the origin and social status. The author of the paper insists that the value of dignity has the supra-situational importance in teacher-students interaction, it is based on recognition of the equality of all people in moral terms, regardless of their level of morality, social status and social roles performed, determines not only equal attitude of the teacher to all students, but also his/her attitude to him/herself and the attitude of students to him/her.

Detecting Mind-Wandering from Eye Movement and Oculomotor Data during Learning Video Lecture

The purpose of this study was to detect mind-wandering experienced by pre-service teachers during a video learning lecture on physics. The lecture was videotaped and consisted of a live lecture in a classroom. The lecture was about Gauss's law on physics. We investigated whether oculomotor data and eye movements could be used as a marker to indicate the learner’s mind-wandering. Each data was collected in a study in which 24 pre-service teachers (16 females and 8 males) reported mind-wandering experience through self-caught method while learning physics video lecture during 30 minutes. A Tobii Pro Spectrum (sampling rate: 300 Hz) was used to capture their eye-gaze during learning Gauss's law through a course video. After watching the video lecture, we interviewed pre-service teachers about their mind-wandering experience. We first used the self-caught method to capture the mind-wandering timing of pre-service teachers while learning from video lectures. We detected more accurate mind-wandering segments by comparing fixation duration and saccade count. We investigated two types of oculomotor data (blink count, pupil size) and nine eye movements (average peak velocity of saccades; maximum peak velocity of saccades; standard deviation of peak velocity of saccades; average amplitude of saccades; maximum amplitude of saccades; total amplitude of saccades; saccade count/s; fixation duration; fixation dispersion). The result was that the blink count could not be used as a marker for mind-wandering during learning video lectures among them (oculomotor data and eye movements), unlike previous literatures. Based on the results of this study, we identified elements that can be used as mind-wandering markers while learning from video lectures that are similar to real classes, among the oculomotor data and eye movement mentioned in previous literatures. Additionally, we found that most participants focused on past thoughts and felt unpleasant after experiencing mind-wandering through interview analysis.

"Forward flow": A new measure to quantify free thought and predict creativity.

When the human mind is free to roam, its subjective experience is characterized by a continuously evolving stream of thought. Although there is a technique that captures people's streams of free thought-free association-its utility for scientific research is undermined by two open questions: (a) How can streams of thought be quantified? (b) Do such streams predict psychological phenomena? We resolve the first issue-quantification-by presenting a new metric, "forward flow," that uses latent semantic analysis to capture the semantic evolution of thoughts over time (i.e., how much present thoughts diverge from past thoughts). We resolve the second issue-prediction-by examining whether forward flow predicts creativity in the lab and the real world. Our studies reveal that forward flow predicts creativity in college students (Study 1) and a representative sample of Americans (Study 2), even when controlling for intelligence. Studies also reveal that membership in real-world creative groups-performance majors (Study 3), professional actors (Study 4) and entrepreneurs (Study 5)-is predicted by forward flow, even when controlling for performance on divergent thinking tasks. Study 6 reveals that forward flow in celebrities' social media posts (i.e., on Twitter) predicts their creative achievement. In addition to creativity, forward flow may also help predict mental illness, emotional experience, leadership ability, adaptability, neural dynamics, group productivity, and cultural success. We present open-access online tools for assessing and visualizing forward flow for both illustrative and large-scale data analytic purposes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Quality of Life of Elderly People in Changing Family Scenario

Old age has been topic of huge discussion for those who have reached it and a source of speculation for those who have not. With the changing dynamics of family structure the position and mind set of the elderly has also changed. The lack of interest in competing with others, lack of motivation to do things and the tendency to reminisce in past thoughts, motivates them to develop “old age complex”. As the traditional families are rapidly disappearing even in rural areas, people are migrating towards urban setup. The geriatric population is left behind due to migration, urbanization, industrialization and globalization giving rise to the “empty nest syndrome”. At this juncture; family and social support plays a crucial role in the lives of aged individuals. It is an extremely significant resource as they age. Social support also contributes towards wellbeing and sense of self worth and positive affect. Inclusive reviews signify the importance of social support in changing family scenario towards quality of life among elderly.

\u201cI\u2019m used to doing it by myself\u201d: exploring self-reliance in pregnancy

BackgroundSelf-reliance (the need to rely on one’s own efforts and abilities) is cited as a potential coping strategy for decreased or absent social support during pregnancy. Little data exists on how women view self-reliance in pregnancy.MethodsWe recruited women from urban, walk-in pregnancy testing clinics from June 2014–June 2015. Women aged 16 to 44 and at less than 24 weeks gestational age were eligible. Participants completed an enrollment survey and in-person, semi-structured interviews. We used framework analysis to identify key concepts and assess thematic relationships.ResultsEighty-four English-speaking women completed qualitative interviews. Participants averaged 26 years of age and 7 weeks estimated gestational age. Most identified as Black (54%) or Hispanic (20%), were unemployed or homemakers (52%), unmarried (92%), and had at least one child (67%). Most did not intend to get pregnant (61%) and planned to continue their pregnancy and parent (65%). We identified self-reliance as a prevalent concept that almost half (48%) of participants discussed in relationship to their pregnancy. Self-reliance in pregnancy consisted of several subthemes: 1) past experiences, 2) expectations of motherhood, 3) financial independence, 4) decision making, and 5) parenting.ConclusionsSelf-reliance is an important aspect of women’s reproductive lives and is threaded through women’s past and current thoughts, feelings, experiences and decisions about pregnancy. Women’s belief in their own self-reliance as well as a recognition of the limits of self-reliance merits further research, especially as a potential strategy to cope with decreased or absent social support during pregnancy.

Do children and adolescents have a future-oriented bias? A developmental study of spontaneous and cued past and future thinking

Previous research has indicated that adults have a future-oriented cognitive bias, one illustration of which is their tendency to report more thoughts about the future than the past during mind-wandering. We examined whether children showed a similar bias, and whether there were any developmental changes in the magnitude of such a bias. Children aged 6–7 and 9–10 years, adolescents, and adults completed two tasks in which they could report either past or future thoughts: a mind-wandering task assessing spontaneous past and future thinking and a cued episodic thinking task in which they were free to describe either past or future events. Only adults showed a future-oriented bias in the mind-wandering task. Participants in all groups were much more likely to describe past events in the cue word task, and the proportion of future events described did not change developmentally. However, more than a third of the youngest age group produced no descriptions at all of future events, which was a significantly larger proportion than in any other age groups, and illustrates the difficulty that some children of this age have with future thinking. Our findings indicate that future-oriented bias and developmental changes in such bias may be task-specific.

Visual and aural intellectual histories: an introduction

ABSTRACTIf the subject matter of intellectual history is the study of past thoughts, the intellectual history of the visual arts and music may be characterised as the study of past thoughts as they were expressed visually and aurally. Yet this is not always how an intellectual history of art and music has been practiced. More attention is often paid to verbal texts about art or music, rather than to the visual or the aural per se. If we accept that ideas can have visual and aural, as much as verbal form, then the histories of art and music are significant repositories of thoughts of individuals and networks of individuals (creative artists, patrons, institutions) within a given culture and period. But the ways in which those thoughts are articulated as aural or visual “texts”, and the ways in which they can be accessed by those who seek to understand them, will be specific to each art form, and represent a distinctive kind of intellectual activity in each field.

수용적 글쓰기가 볼링선수의 스트레스와 삶의 가치에 미치는 영향

The study is conducted to improve stress and values of life of players through writing based on acceptance writing. The research participants were male and female Bowling players at H University. Acceptance writing consisted of 8 sessions of programs and was conducted in a group counseling format. The first session was to introduce group members and to write a pledge. The second session was to accept and experience willingly ‘The monster and tug of war’. The third session was the cognitive defusion ‘The white bear does not think ’. The fourth session was the contextual self-yellow sunglass. Exploring a road that has not been visited -10 years later, 6th session was commitment behavior-welcoming beggars. 7th session was exploring the value of life - life I want, 8th session was conducted with ACT(execution) of ACT and satisfaction evaluation. The analysis of writing content after the execution of the eighth session showed that the game, mistakes, hard training and tiring have been accepted. Players in the process of ‘mindfulness and acceptance’ accept tug-of-war with various situations, and defused failure of spare handling and feeling of burden of match. Also, the players had a being-present experience of getting out of the past thoughts and noticed the present. In the course of commitment and behavioral changes, players perceived their own values in recognition of their situation. This was an act of commitment in order to realize their value consistently as lifelong bowlers. As a result, it was confirmed that the stress and values of life of the bowling players were significantly improved through contents analysis of the acceptance writing.

Sleep and suicide relationship in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective: The data about sleep quality and suicide relationship in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that there might be a relationship between sleep quality and suicide in the OCD patients with compare the control group. Methods: A total of 50 patients with OCD (31 female, 19 male) and 40 healthy (24 female, 16 male) individuals as a control group were included in the study. A data form for sociodemographic features, one other forms for clinical characteristics of OCD and Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YB-OCS) have been filled by clinician. After the interview, all patients completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Suicide Behavior Scale (SBS). Results: Six (12%) of the OCD patients had lifelong suicide attempts and twenty (40%) had lifelong suicide ideation. When OCD patients and healthy controls were compared, PSQI-2, PSQI-3, PSQI-5, PSQI-6, SBS-1, SBS-2, SBS3 and SBS total scores in patients with OCD were higher than healthy controls. In patients group with lifelong suicide ideations, PSQI-1 and PSQI-6 scores were higher. In patients group with lifelong suicide attempts, PSQI-6 scores were higher. In OCD patients, statistically significant correlations were detected between SBS-1 and PSQI-1, PSQI-6; SBS-3 and PSQI-6. This correlations were not observed in the control group. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it has been shown that the subjective sleep quality of the last 1 month in OCD patients and the intake of additional sleeping pills may be related to past suicidal thoughts and attempts. It may be appropriate to monitor OCD patients with subjective sleep quality impairment and use of additional medication more frequently in terms of suicide risk. In this issue, follow-up studies are needed to include more OCD patients.

How career construction counseling promotes reflection and reflexivity: Two case studies

This study examined which components of the process and content of counseling for career and self-construction fostered reflection and reflexivity in two clients. The study used the Interpersonal Process Recall procedure and client descriptions of important moments to investigate client reactions to counseling. The goal was to identify which components of the counseling content and process prompted client reflection about the past and present as well as reflexivity about the future. The most important content was the discussion of role models and early recollections. The most important process was revisiting past thoughts and actions, suggesting how past stories related to the present situation, and empathic responding to deep emotions.

Editorial: The Balanced Triad of Perception, Action, and Cognition.

Editorial: The Balanced Triad of Perception, Action, and Cognition.

Turkish Imams’ Experience with and Their Attitudes Toward Suicide and Suicidal Persons

This study investigated the experience with and attitudes toward suicide and suicidality in 70 consenting imams serving in mosques in the province of Aydin which is located at the southwest part of Turkey. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data. Attitudes of imams to suicide and suicidality were compared with attitudes of male university students. Only 4 imams (5.7%) reported having had suicidal thoughts in past, and none reported having attempted suicide. Almost 50% said that someone in communities they serve has commited suicide and nearly 40% reported leading funeral ceremony for someone who committed suicide. Majority of imams (64.3%) were of the opinion that a funeral ceremony should be arranged for people who suicide and 87.1% were of the opinion that people who suicide can be buried in a common cemetery, but only 21.4% said that someone who attempted suicide can be appointed as imam. Compared to male medical students, imams saw suicide as an unacceptable option and those engaging in suicidal behavior to be punished after death. But they displayed socially accepting and helping reactions to an imagined close friend who attempted suicide. Therefore, it was concluded that imams might exhibit preventive reactions to suicide when they offer counseling for persons from their congregations during times of suicidal crises.

Flap decisions and options in soft tissue coverage of the lower limb.

The lower extremities of the human body are more commonly known as the human legs, incorporating: the foot, the lower or anatomical leg, the thigh and the hip or gluteal region.The human lower limb plays a simpler role than that of the upper limb. Whereas the arm allows interaction of the surrounding environment, the legs’ primary goals are support and to allow upright ambulation. Essentially, this means that reconstruction of the leg is less complex than that required in restoring functionality of the upper limb. In terms of reconstruction, the primary goals are based on the preservation of life and limb, and the restoration of form and function. This paper aims to review current and past thoughts on reconstruction of the lower limb, discussing in particular the options in terms of soft tissue coverage.This paper does not aim to review the emergency management of open fractures, or the therapy alternatives to chronic wounds or malignancies of the lower limb, but purely assess the requirements that should be reviewed on reconstructing a defect of the lower limb.A summary of flap options are considered, with literature support, in regard to donor and recipient region, particularly as flap coverage is regarded as the cornerstone of soft tissue coverage of the lower limb.