Past Negative Experiences Research Articles

Brand Hatred: a Literature Review and Research Agenda

Purpose: The objective of this paper was to study the past research in the field of brand hatred and propose a research agenda for the future. Theoretical framework: Theories and research on brand hatred been studied. Duplex theory of hate, brand hate as multidimensional construct, determinants of brand hate, self-congruity theory been studied. Brand hatred due to negative past experience, self-image been studied and there is much to investigate and learn. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review is the foundation of research development and extending depth of knowledge Webster and Watson (2002).We began by looking for research articles that contribute critical knowledge and concepts in brand hatred. We have focused on what, where, why, and How to have a better review (Callahan, 2014). Findings: Brand managers must be proactive to reduce the brand hatred and retain the customer. Brand hatred happens due to several reasons and brands may lose customers and its business if it does not take action against brand hatred. Future research should be done into how to convert brand hatred into brand love. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the areas and points that should be taken care for the mitigation of the brand hatred. Originality/value: The results indicate that the brand hatred phenomenon is very critical for brands. Academicians are showing interest in brand hatred research and number of publication works are increasing in field of brand hatred.

Career Aspirations for People With Serious Mental Disorders.

Career Aspirations for People With Serious Mental Disorders.

The prevalence and influencing factors of gag reflex in children aged 7-14 years in the dental setting.

Gag reflex may occur in patients of all ages and often considered having a multifactorial aetiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of gag reflex in Turkish children aged 7-14 years in the dental setting. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 320 children aged between 7 and 14 years. First, an anamnesis form which include sosyodemographic status, monthly level of income, children past medical and dental experiences was filled by mothers. Children's fear levels were evaluated using the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule(CFSS-DS) while mother's anxiety levels using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS). The revised dentist section of gagging problem assessment questionnaire (GPA-R-de) was used for both children and mothers. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS program. The prevalence of gag reflex among children was 34.1%, among mothers was 20.3%. The association between child and mother gagging was found statistically significant (χ2 =53.121, p < 0.001). When the mother of the child gagged, the risk of child gagging increases 6.83 times (p < 0.001). Higher CFSS-DS scores of children increase risk of gagging (OR=1.052, p=0.023). Children who were previously treated mostly in public hospitals significantly more likely to gag compared with private dental clinics (OR=10.990, p < 0.001). It was concluded that negative past dental experiences, previous dental treatments with local anaesthesia, history of hospital admission, number and place of previous dental visits, dental fear level of children, and low education level and gagging of mother have an influence on the gagging of children.

Improving the education quality for refugee children: perspectives from teachers at refugee education centres in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Many refugee children have not only suffered from their negative past experiences but also faced challenges to cope with their current difficulties and to improve themselves for a better future. Education is a strategy to assist these refugee children in tackling these difficulties, and a key factor in ensuring the success of education is the quality of teachers. This study uses the job demands and job resource model as a framework to understand the job demands of teachers at refugee community learning centres in Malaysia and their available resources, and the resources that the teachers need to meet their job demands. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 52 refugee teachers, and focus group discussion was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was then used to analyze the data. The results showed that the main difficult job demands are handling the classroom due to the lack of facilities, space and professional training. The diversities in students’ language levels and cultural backgrounds and the psychological problems of students increase the difficulties in classroom management. Support from different parties to provide relevant resources is needed for refugee teachers to tackle their job demands so that a better-quality education can be provided to refugee children.

Dental Anxiety and Its Determinants in Adult Patients of Gilgit Baltistan

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of dental anxiety and its relationship with age, gender, marital status, education,occupational status, place of residence and previous dental injury experience in patients belonging to Gilgit-Baltistan.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry Department, Combined Military Hospital, Gilgit and 99 Military Dental Center,Gilgit Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2017.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 270 patients aged 18 to 65 years were selected for the study. The proforma was used to determine basic patient information, including past dental experience. Coral's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to measure the level of dental anxiety.&#x0D; Results: The mean anxiety score was 8.95±2.53. Dental anxiety was common in 33.1% of the study population. Correlational analyses showed a significant positive relationship between younger age, female gender, single marital status, rural residence and negative past dental experience with dental anxiety.&#x0D; Conclusion: Within the Gilgit-Baltistan population, it was seen that younger patients, single females, people from rural areas and patients with a past negative dental experience had more Dental anxiety.

Why people prefer to be single: Voluntary singlehood and experiences with relationships

Not having an intimate partner is a common state in contemporary post-industrial societies. A substantial proportion of singles are voluntarily so that is, they prefer not to be in an intimate relationship. The current study aimed to examine whether past relationship experiences predicted voluntary singlehood. More specifically, using a sample of 629 Greek-speaking participants, we found that most voluntarily singles were had other priorities, followed by those who had been disappointed by intimate relationships. We also found that more negative past experiences with relationships were associated with an increased probability to fall in the latter group than in other groups of voluntary singlehood or being mated.

OLDER ADULTS' PERCEPTIONS OF CANNABIS AND OPIOIDS USE

Abstract Older adults in the U.S. are increasingly using cannabis as a method to manage pain. Some studies have linked increased cannabis use with an increase in prescription opioid use while others have suggested that older adults may be using cannabis as a way reduce/replace opioids. From April 2018 - January 2019 we conducted 12 focus groups throughout Illinois with 82 cannabis users aged 60+. To examine the relationship between cannabis and opioid use we used an inductive thematic analysis to code and theme the focus group transcripts. We found three themes 1) medical culture around opioids influences cannabis use; 2) past negative experiences with opioids influences cannabis use, and 3) aversion to ever trying opioids out of fear of an anticipated harm that may be brought about by opioid use such as overdose. In this session we present these findings and discuss cannabis use relative to opioids by older adults.

Symptom management needs of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and concurrent anxiety and/or depression: A qualitative study.

To understand the experiences and needs of symptom management among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome and concurrent symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. This study used a qualitative descriptive research design. Individuals with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and concurrent symptoms of anxiety and/or depression participated were recruited through an online ResearchMatch and a listserv. Semi-structured interviews focused on symptoms and experiences with symptom management interventions conducted from June to August 2020. Interviews were transcribed and data were analysed based on thematic analysis. Twelve individuals participated in this study; all reported current irritable bowel syndrome and anxiety/depression symptoms. The data analysis cumulated with three themes related to symptom management: (a) irritable bowel syndrome negatively impacts physical and mental well-being; (b) a trial and error approach to symptom management; and (c) challenges with healthcare professionals supporting symptom management including negative interactions with healthcare professionals and lack of nutritional expertize and support. There is a need for individualized approaches which consider patients' current symptoms of anxiety and depression, previous experiences with the trial-and-error process and consideration for intervention delivery methods. There is a limited qualitative research focusing on the experiences of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome and concurrent symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. This research highlights the need for individualized approaches to enhance symptom management that acknowledges patients' psychological state and past negative experiences with providers and prior dietary regimens.

Dental Phobia in Medical Students of Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Dental phobia the fear to dental procedures, dental instruments or dentist is the common fear among people of all ages that cause delay of dental treatments. By finding out the response of students towards dental treatment will help in the apprehension and overcoming the dental phobia. The purpose of this study conducted in LMDC among the medical graduates was to know the prevalence of dental phobia in them. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted to access the dental phobia among the BDS, MBBS, DPT and Pharm D students of Lahore Medical and dental college using the MDAS . Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, and percentages were calculated. Group comparisons were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s post-hoc test. P &lt; 0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: Three hundred students took part in this study. Equal number of response was recorded by BDS, MBBS, DPT and Pharm D students. There was significant difference seen in dental phobia among gender. Females had higher level of dental phobia than males. Past negative dental experiences have valid impact on people and lead to increased prevalence towards dental phobia. Dental students exhibited the least amount of dental phobia. Conclusion: BDS students had lowest level of dental phobia. By increasing the dental health education and awareness about oral health the dental phobia can be reduced among people Keywords: Dental student, Dental phobia, Anxiety Scale.

A qualitative study of patients’ experience during vaginal examination & transvaginal ultrasound in a tertiary hospital in singapore

<h3>Objectives</h3> Pelvic examination via vaginal digital examination & transvaginal ultrasound are routinely performed during gynaecological assessment. This is crucial in screening for gynaecological cancers, testing for infections, evaluating pelvic pain, and other important health-related factors. Many women find gynecological examinations uncomfortable, embarrassing and stressful. Past negative experiences can increase anxiety and discomfort experienced during subsequent examinations. Emotional distress & fear of pain result in women having reduced adherence in undergoing gynaecological screening & follow-up with implications from delayed diagnosis. Traumatic pelvic exams have been reported as a potential cause of vaginismus with associated impact on sexual function, relationship and fertility.This study uses qualitative methods with the aim of exploring the experience of patients who have undergone pelvic examination at the outpatient setting in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. The findings will provide new insights into aspects of care experienced by these patients including what is most valued or can be improved during pelvic examinationto lead improvement in the delivery of care. <h3>Methods</h3> We used qualitative methods to explore the patients' subjective experiences. Twelve patients (age 30-57) were interviewed. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, audited and analysed iteratively based on grounded theory. Emergent themes were first externally validated, and then finalized after rounds of deliberations amongst the investigators. The outcome measures included descriptions & concepts reflecting the most important matters experienced by these women. <h3>Results</h3> The patients found pelvic examination unpleasant and uncomfortable. Four overarching themes emerged from the interviews: the environment & clinic physical set up, patient characteristics, healthcare provider characteristics & attitude and patient information or education. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study has provided some insight into key facilitating factors contributing to improved patient experience as well as barriers faced. Further work and studies are required to look into sociocultural aspects and what must be done to ensure improvement in this aspect. <h3>Conflicts of Interest</h3> nil

Neural differences between internal and external episodic counterfactual thoughts.

Episodic counterfactual thoughts (eCFT) consist of imagining alternative outcomes to past experiences. A common sub-class of eCFT-upward eCFT-involves imagining how past negative experiences could have been better, either because one could have done something differently (internal) or because something about the circumstances could have been different (external). Although previous neuroimaging research has shown that the brain's default mode network (DMN) supports upward eCFT, it is unclear how it is differentially recruited during internal versus external upward eCFT. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data while participants remembered negative autobiographical memories, generated either internal or external upward eCFT for the memory, and then rated the plausibility, perceived control and difficulty of eCFT generation. Both internal and external eCFT engaged midline regions of cingulate cortex, a central node of the DMN. Most activity differentiating eCFT, however, occurred outside the DMN. External eCFT engaged cuneus, angular gyrus and precuneus, whereas internal eCFT engaged posterior cingulate and precentral gyrus. Angular gyrus and precuneus were additionally sensitive to perceived plausibility of external eCFT, while postcentral gyrus and insula activity scaled with perceived plausibility of internal eCFT. These results highlight the key brain regions that might be involved in cases of maladaptive mental simulations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny'.

An investigation of celebrity brand hate influence in the arts marketing sector of Ghana

PurposeThis study aimed at investigating negative past experience (NPE), symbolic incongruity and ideological incompatibility on celebrity brand hate (CBH) within the arts marketing sector.Design/methodology/approachAnchored on the self-congruity theory (SCT), the study is based on two studies with 618 hip-life music (HLM) listeners in Ghana (Study 1 = 340 face-to-face participants; study 2 = 278 online participants), who responded to 20 celebrities they hate. The study validates Hegner et al.'s (2017) product brand hate (BH) model in the arts sector utilizing the structural equal modeling in testing the research hypotheses.FindingsThe study found that negative past experience, symbolic incongruity, and ideological incompatibility significantly influences CBH. Furthermore, CBH significantly influences celebrity brand avoidance (CBA) and negative word-of-mouth (NWoM), brand retaliation, private complaint and brand switching. Nevertheless, CBH had no significant influence on CBA in the second study. In all, BH had the strongest effects on NWoM for products in Hegner et al. (2017) model, whereas in our model BH strongly impacts on brand retaliation for celebrities (i.e. people).Practical implicationsThe study provided evidence to marketing scholars, celebrity image managers and brand professionals, on critical factors to consider in building and sustaining celebrity brands as viable currencies for economic leveraging within the arts industry.Originality/valueThough BH has received academic recognition, little is known about the concept of CBH and its outcomes in the arts marketing literature.

Co-creating safe spaces: Study protocol for translational research on innovative alternatives to the emergency department for people experiencing emotional distress and/or suicidal crisis.

Safe spaces are an alternative to emergency departments, which are often unable to provide optimum care for people experiencing emotional distress and/or suicidal crisis. At present, there are several different safe space models being trialled in Australia. However, research examining the effectiveness of safe space models, especially in community settings, is rare. In this paper, we present a protocol for a study in which we will investigate the implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of safe space models as genuine alternatives for people who might usually present to the emergency department or choose not to access help due to past negative experiences. We will use a mixed methods, co-designed study design, conducted according to the principles of community-based participatory research to obtain deep insights into the benefits of different safe space models, potential challenges, and facilitators of effective practice. We developed the study plan and evaluation framework using the RE-AIM framework, and this will be used to assess key outcomes related to reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Data collection will comprise quantitative measures on access, use, satisfaction, (cost) effectiveness, distress, and suicidal ideation; and qualitative assessments of service implementation, experience, feasibility, acceptability, community awareness, and the fidelity of the models to service co-design. Data will be collected and analysed concurrently throughout the trial period of the initiatives. This study will enable an extensive investigation of safe spaces that will inform local delivery and provide a broader understanding of the key features of safe spaces as acceptable and effective alternatives to hospital-based care for people experiencing emotional distress and/or suicidal crisis. This study will also contribute to a growing body of research on the role and benefits of peer support and provide critical new knowledge on the successes and challenges of service co-design to inform future practice.

Predicting complaint voicing or exit amidst Indian consumers: a CHAID analysis

PurposeThe current study aims to predict consumer complaint status (complainers or non-complainers) based on socio-demographic and psychographic factors and further to discern the differences in behavior disposition of consumer groups concerning determinants of consumer's tendency to exit (TE).Design/methodology/approachThe research used survey-based data of 600 Indian consumers of three service sectors (hotel and hospitality, automobile service centers and organized retail stores). Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree analysis was used to profile consumers.FindingsThe results indicated that occupation; income; education; industry and attitude toward complaining were significant factors in profiling consumers as complainers or non-complainers. Further, determinants of TE (discouraging subjective norms, perceived likelihood of successful complaint, lower perceived switching cost, poor employee response, negative past experience and ease of complaint process) vary significantly across the groups of complainers and non-complainers.Research limitations/implicationsThe research questions in this study were tested with three service sectors consumers in India, so due care should be exercised in generalizing these findings to other sectors and countries. Study replication across other service sectors and countries is recommended to improve the generalizability of these findings with wider socio-demographic samples.Practical implicationsFirms striving for consumer retention and aim to extend their consumer life cycle can greatly benefit from the results of this study to understand the customer complaint behavior (CCB) specific to non-complaining (exit) behavior. The future researcher may benefit from replicating and extending the model in different industries for further contribution to the CCB literature.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, there is no evidence of consumer segmentation based on their complaining behavior or socio-demographic and psychographic factors by employing CHAID decision tree analysis. In addition to illustrating the use of data mining techniques such as CHAID in the field of CCB, it also contributes to the extant literature by researching in a non-Western setting like India.

Understanding US Physician and Pharmacist Attitudes Toward Biosimilar Products: A Qualitative Study.

Biosimilars account for 30-40% of biologic medications dispensed in the United States (US), yet healthcare providers in relevant medical specialties have limited awareness of biosimilars and their characteristics. Likewise, many providers perceive biosimilars as less safe and effective than original biologics and are more comfortable prescribing original biologics to patients. We conducted in-person focus groups at three clinical sites in California and Texas (n = 49) to explore the reasons behind US healthcare providers' limited understanding of, cautious attitudes toward, and reluctance to prescribe biosimilars. We conducted thematic analysis by having three researchers independently analyze verbatim transcripts and identify patterns in provider responses. Providers' limited knowledge of and cautious attitudes toward biosimilars are driven by uncertainty about how biosimilarity is defined and operationalized as well as negative past experiences with generic drugs that did not perform as well as branded counterparts. Additionally, healthcare providers are unfamiliar with the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) approval pathway for biosimilars and are skeptical that an abbreviated approval process is rigorous enough to ensure biosimilars deliver the same efficacy and have the same side effect profiles as original biologics. Physicians also expressed concerns about pharmacy substitution of biosimilars and interchangeables, explaining they would be unaware of which medication was ultimately given to their patients. Educating physicians and pharmacists about biosimilars-including how biosimilarity is defined and operationalized, the structure of the biosimilar approval process, and how analytical data can ensure biosimilar safety and efficacy-will be important for reducing healthcare providers' concerns and increasing biosimilar adoption in the US.

A Positive Versus Negative Interaction Memory Affects Parole Officers' Implicit Associations Between the Self-Concept and the Group Parolees.

BackgroundParole officers are one of many actors in the legal system charged with interpreting and enforcing the law. Officers not only assure that parolees under their supervision comply with the terms of their release, but also monitor and control parolees’ criminal behavior. They conduct their jobs through their understanding of their official mandate and make considered and deliberate choices while executing that mandate. However, their experiences as legal actors may impact their implicit cognitions about parolees. This experiment is the first of its kind to examine implicit (i.e., automatic) associations between the self and parolees among actors of the legal system.ObjectiveThe present study examines the implicit cognitive consequences of the quality of the parole officer-parolee relationship from the perspective of the parole officer; specifically, whether parole officers who are reminded of positive experiences with parolees implicitly associate more with the group parolees than those reminded of a negative experience. In addition, we explore the moderating effects of parole officers’ subjective professional orientation and identification.MethodEighty-four New Jersey parole officers participated in the study. First, an experimental manipulation of either a past positive or negative experience was administered via a writing task. Participants then completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure associations between the self-concept of parole officers with parolees who are part of the group criminal, followed by measures of professional orientation and identification.ResultsParticipants who were reminded of a positive experience with a parolee exhibited stronger associations between self and the group parolee when compared to those who were reminded of a negative experience. Neither professional orientation nor parole officer group identification were related to implicit associations and did not moderate the effect of the past experience reminder on implicit associations.Conclusion and ImplicationsImplicit cognitions of parole officers may influence their behaviors and interactions with those whom they supervise. Positive reminders affect implicit self-associations with parolees presumably via empathy, which is known to affect the quality of therapeutic and supervision relationships; thus, theoretically, leading to improved outcomes for both officers and parolees.

Vaccination Status and Attitudes towards Vaccines in a Cohort of Patients with Celiac Disease.

(1) Background: The identification of vaccination status and attitudes towards vaccines among celiac disease (CD) patients is of great importance, but it has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), attitudes towards vaccinations, and its determinants among CD patients. (2) Methods: An anonymous web-based validated questionnaire was sent to a mailing list of CD adult patients. Patients were asked to self-report their previous vaccinations and attitudes towards vaccinations, which were defined as positive, negative, and partially positive/negative. The influencing factors towards vaccinations were investigated, and crude and adjusted odds ratios (AdjORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. (3) Results: The questionnaire was sent to 412 patients, with a response rate of 31.6% (130 patients, 105 women, median age 40 years, interquartile range 36–51). Patients self-reported vaccination against the following diseases: 73.8% tetanus, 42.3% flu, 20% measles, mumps and rubella, 19.2% meningitis, and 16.2% pneumococcus. Thirty-two people (24.6%) did not remember all of their previous vaccinations. In total, 104 (80%) respondents had a positive attitude towards vaccines, 25 (19.2%) a partially positive/negative one, and 1 a negative one. The determinants significantly influencing the positive attitude were being a graduate (AdjORs 7.49) and a belief in the possible return of VPDs with declining vaccination coverage rates (AdjORs 7.42), while the use of complementary and alternative medicines (AdjORs 0.11) and past negative experience (AdjORs 0.16) were associated with a negative attitude. (4) Conclusions: Despite four out of five CD patients showing a strong positive attitude towards vaccinations, one out of five had a partially negative one. Only a minority (16–20%) reported being vaccinated against some VPDs potentially harmful to their CD because of hyposplenism, such as meningitis and pneumococcus. The low vaccination rate against some VPDs, in spite of the 80% of CD patients stating a positive attitude towards vaccination, may be explained in part by patients’ vaccine hesitancy and in part by a possible role of physicians in under-prescribing vaccinations to these patients. These results may be a starting point for developing specific vaccination campaigns to increase vaccination rates against VPDs in CD patients.

Merajut Hidup Bahagia dan Bermakna pada Lansia melalui Reminiscence Therapy

The elderly have many decreased abilities in many aspects of their development, therefore they have limitations in their activities and social interactions in meeting their needs. Those limitations make the elderly feel useless and worthless which may evoke anxiety, stress, and even depression. This study aims to determine the process and the advantages of reminiscence therapy in increasing the happiness and meaning in life in elderly people. The method used in this empirical investigation was literature study, namely by filtering several published scientific articles which are related to the topic of this study. 72 articles relevant and published between 2012 and 2022 were found. The result of the literature study shows that reminiscence therapy is a therapeutic process that guides elderly people to review their past positive and negative experiences, and then they interpret and take lesson from all those events to build a positive view and acceptance towards themselves. This will be able to increase the happiness and meaning in life in the elderly until ego integrity is achieved.Keywords: Elderly, Happiness, Meaning in life, Reminiscence Therapy.

Goal setting with young people for anxiety and depression: What works for whom in therapeutic relationships? A literature review and insight analysis

BackgroundGoal setting and goal-focused work is widely used in young people’s mental health settings. However, little is known about how, why or for whom this is helpful. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of collaborative goal setting as part of therapeutic relationships: is it helpful for young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression, how and why/not, for whom, and under what circumstances?MethodsOnline database searches generated 10,907 records. Seven unique studies are included, combined with insight analysis from directed discussions with international advisors with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression and therapy (N = 8; mean age = 20.8), and mental health academics/clinicians (N = 6).ResultsFindings are presented as a narrative synthesis and suggest that goal setting is helpful to young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression because it helps build good therapeutic relationships through open communication and building trust. Goal setting helps make things more manageable, enabling young people to feel supported and have ownership of their care. Individual preferences, or high levels of distress, trauma, low confidence, hopelessness, negative past experiences of goal setting, perfectionism, and rumination are considered limiting factors to goal setting. Additionally, contextual factors including country and long-term therapy are explored.ConclusionWhilst the resultant sample is small, emphasis on the voices of young people in the research is both prominent and of paramount importance. Several key literature gaps are identified, including evidenced links to the reduction in symptoms. Priority must be given to researching unhelpful mechanisms of goal setting for young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression, to avoid any potential iatrogenic effects.

The Health Needs of Regionally Based Individuals Who Experience Homelessness: Perspectives of Service Providers.

The bidirectional relationship between homelessness and poor health and the barriers that individuals who experience homelessness face when trying to access healthcare are well documented. There is, however, little Australian research exploring the situation of individuals who experience homelessness in regional contexts and, moreover, from the perspective of service providers. A qualitative descriptive methodology underpinned this study, with in-depth semi-structured interviews being conducted with 11 service providers to identify barriers to care faced by people who experience homelessness and barriers that service providers themselves experience in supporting this population. The key barriers identified were client-level barriers: living day-by-day, financial, health literacy, mental health conditions, behaviour, safety and stigma; provider-level barriers: few bulk-billing doctors, fragmented services, limited resources, negative past experiences with healthcare; and system level barriers: transportation, over-stretched healthcare services. The combined impact of these barriers has significantly contributed to the desperate situation of people experiencing homelessness in Launceston. This situation is likely replicated in other regional populations in Australia. Given that individuals experiencing homelessness have higher rates of every measure in health inequality, steps need to be taken to reduce barriers, and a standardised approach to health care urgently needs to be implemented by governments at the state and national level to improve the health of regionally based individuals experiencing homelessness.