Past Mistakes Research Articles

Cyber-nationalism and celebrity: the Zhehan Zhang controversy

ABSTRACT This article uncovers an increasingly dominant hyper-nationalistic digital landscape in mainland China, illustrated by the prohibition and complete removal of Chinese actor and celebrity Zhehan Zhang after he posted on Instagram photos of a trip to Japan, which included pictures of the Yasukuni Shrine buildings, a potent symbol of Japanese militarism. This landscape of pervasive censorship impacts public figures and regular netizens alike, in which context nationalism becomes a powerful tool for ousting individuals based on ‘past mistakes’. Our analysis reveals a dual consequence: a combined censorship approach by authorities and netizens, targeting various individuals, while reinforcing implicit approval of this cyber-nationalistic atmosphere.

Machine-Learning Applications in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.

The use of machine-learning (ML) algorithms in medicine has sparked a heated discussion. It is considered one of the most disruptive general-purpose technologies in decades. It has already permeated many areas of our daily lives and produced applications that we can no longer do without, such as navigation apps or translation software. However, many people are still unsure if ML algorithms should be used in medicine in their current form. Doctors are doubtful to what extent they can trust the predictions of algorithms. Shortcomings in development and unclear regulatory oversight can lead to bias, inequality, applicability concerns, and nontransparent assessments. Past mistakes, however, have led to a better understanding of what is needed to develop effective models for clinical use. Physicians and clinical researchers must participate in all development phases and understand their pitfalls. In this review, we explain the basic concepts of ML, present examples in the field of thrombosis and hemostasis, discuss common pitfalls, and present a methodological framework that can be used to develop effective algorithms.

Development of Internationalization Process Model of Thai Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Emerging Markets: A Study of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)

According to modern organizational theory, the growth of companies in developing nations is due to the coming together of public and private sector interorganizational networks and globalization. Within an open system and a very dynamic environment, a corporation cannot work autonomously. Here are the objectives of the study: The goals of this research are threefold: first, to learn how Thai SMEs expanded into BRICS countries; second, to find out what kinds of inter-organizational networks Thai SMEs relied on when going global; and third, to give some advice to Thai SMEs that want to expand internationally in BRICS and to the Thai government on how to set up management networks that help with investment and internationalization. Documentary analysis of the database from the office of small and medium enterprise promotion and in-depth interviews were among the qualitative approaches employed in this study. This study examined 76 individuals from Thailand who were considered significant informants due to their extensive understanding of developing markets, namely those in the BRICS countries. A total of 63 executives responsible for overseeing their businesses' activities in the BRICS nations, together with 10 operational officers and 3 government officials, were chosen as key informants. In order to get trustworthy information for this study, the researcher used the triangulation method. Executives and government officials with operational responsibilities inside government agencies were interviewed in-depth, and their data was cross-referenced with that from pertinent papers. Thai SMEs were affected by the BRICS countries' political, legal, and socio-cultural frameworks, according to the study. Companies in the BRICS countries went global for three main reasons: to tap into untapped markets, to boost operational efficiency, and to secure access to critical resources. For Thai SMEs looking to grow their business in BRICS nations, the following factors were crucial to their success: 1) The network between different organizations; 2) the capacity to adjust to political and legal changes in BRICS countries; 3) non-formal ties; 4) the capability of local employees; 5) the appropriateness of the entrance method approach; and 6) knowledge gained from past mistakes.

Preserved memory for decisions across adulthood

ABSTRACT Remembering our decisions is crucial – it allows us to learn from past mistakes and construct future behavior. However, it is unclear if age-related memory declines impact the memorability of older adults’ decisions. Here, we compared younger and older adults’ ability to remember their decisions. In Studies 1 and 2, participants made choices between two objects based on their star rating (shopping context) or circle count (neutral context) and later remembered what they chose. while Study 3 tested participants’ memory for active vs. passive decisions. Overall, we found no evidence for age differences in the ability to remember decisions. Furthermore, age did not interact with context – both similarly benefitted from making and remembering their decisions in a more shopping-like context. These results reveal an aspect of cognition that appears to be preserved in healthy aging. Highlighting such aspects can help improve older adults’ self-perceptions and reframe the narrative around aging.

Conflict and mediation in Sudan: The prospect of peace

ABSTRACT Omar Al-Bashir's thirty-year rule over Sudan ended in April 2019 with a military coup following a popular uprising. Subsequently, the army and civilian political forces agreed on an African Union-mediated transitional framework. However, the transitional process collapsed, leading to an all-out civil war between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since April 2023. One year later, the mediation efforts by different actors have not yielded the expected results. As the war continues, the displacement of people and the destruction of infrastructure is increasing. The paper discusses the reasons for the lack of progress in the ongoing mediation and points out critical aspects regarding the prospect of peace in Sudan. It argues that while the need for a ceasefire is essential, it is important to acknowledge that the current conflict is the culmination of the overall failure of nation-building. To avoid past mistakes and break the cycle of violent conflict in Sudan, the ongoing mediation efforts should be able to pave the way for a long-term peacebuilding process to address the root causes of the protracted conflict and redefine the fundamentals of Sudan as a nation-state.

Current trends in crime analysis in the state of Ohio: evaluating law enforcement agencies’ ability to adopt evidence-based policing strategies

ABSTRACT Law enforcement agencies across the United States use crime analysis to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their organizations. However, prior research on the state of crime analysis was predominantly conducted over 20 years ago. During this time, technology has been updated, data analysis has become more advanced, and crime analysis units have matured, giving them the opportunity to learn from past mistakes. In this study, we use survey data from Ohio law enforcement agencies to examine recent trends in the organization, prevalence, training, and task scope of crime analysis. Descriptive analyses suggest many agencies without crime analysis reported using proactive, evidence-based policing strategies that typically require some advanced analytical capabilities. Agencies with crime analysis reported using basic analytical tools and conducting relatively simple analyses. These findings suggest a greater need for training and resources aimed at improving crime analysis, particularly across the state of Ohio.

Toumanian and the Universe

Toumanian’s poetic intelligence indeed ignited the universe, ensuring the continuous flow of creation on Earth and into the hearts and minds of people. The rapprochement with the universe represents a cultural endeavor in life organization, aimed at not only rectifying past and present mistakes but also guiding pathways to harmony with the universe and God. His lyrical hero embodies the ultimate human, seamlessly integrated into the universe, reverting to their inherent creator nature and origin. Through this, Toumanian established space as an essential element of identity, a perpetual value. The article explores the connection between Toumanian and space.

Centring justice for labour in the new blue economy: Principles for applying emerging evidence and theoretical critiques to policy and practice

The Blue Economy, according to the World Bank, is the "sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem”, refers to a set of economic activities that sustainably make use of marine ecosystems while protecting nature at the same time. Similar policy trends, such as the Green Economy, have shown that development in the name of sustainability is likely to guarantee socially just development. To avoid the past mistakes, it is necessary to examine the social challenges faced on this new economic frontier. How, then, the existing patterns of unjust social relations are potentially replicated in the new set of blue economic activities, and what can be done to prevent the replication from happening? This paper presents the analysis of the inclusion of social injustice into the BE, the relationship between the Blue Economy and social (in)justice with a focus on various forms of unjust labour exploitation that have been identified in the sector. From the literature review, this article concludes by presenting seven key principles that may be used to guide policymakers who are seeking to integrate emerging evidence and theoretical critiques relating to justice and labour into blue economy policy and practice: 1) foregrounding of the human impact of blue economic activity, 2) identifying the replication of the existing patterns of exploitation, 3) programming with and for the vulnerable, 4) centralizing labour education, 5) addressing regulations and legislation relating to labour exploitation, 6) conducting research that beyond the blue economy, 7) underpinning the blue economy strategies with a commitment to multidimensional justice.

The role of psychological safety in promoting software quality in agile teams

Psychological safety continues to pique the interest of scholars in a variety of disciplines of study. Recent research indicates that psychological safety fosters knowledge sharing and norm clarity and complements agile values. Although software quality remains a concern in the software industry, academics have yet to investigate whether and how psychologically safe teams provide superior results. In this study, we explore how psychological safety influences agile teams’ quality-related behaviors aimed at enhancing software quality. To widen the empirical coverage and evaluate the results, we chose a two-phase mixed-methods research design with an exploratory qualitative phase (20 interviews) followed by a quantitative phase (survey study, N = 423). Our findings show that, when psychological safety is established in agile software teams, it induces enablers of a social nature that advance the teams’ ability to pursue software quality. For example, admitting mistakes and taking initiatives equally help teams learn and invest their learning in their future decisions related to software quality. Past mistakes become points of reference for avoiding them in the future. Individuals become more willing to take initiatives aimed at enhancing quality practices and mitigating software quality issues. We contribute to our endeavor to understand the circumstances that promote software quality. Psychological safety requires organizations, their management, agile teams, and individuals to maintain and propagate safety principles. Our results also suggest that technological tools and procedures can be utilized alongside social strategies to promote software quality.

The exaggerated benefits of failure.

Commencement speakers, business leaders, and the popular press tell us that failure has at least one benefit: It fuels success. Does it? Across 11 studies, including a field study of medical professionals, predictors overestimated the rate at which people course correct following failure (Studies 1-4). Predictors overestimated the likelihood that professionals who fail a professional exam (e.g., the bar exam, the medical boards) pass a retest (Studies 1a, 1b, and 2a), the likelihood that patients improve their health after a crisis (e.g., heart attack, drug overdose; Studies 2b and 6), and the probability, more generally, of learning from one's mistakes (Studies 3-5). This effect was specific to overestimating success following failure (Study 4) and erasing mention of an initial failure that had actually occurred corrected the problem (Studies 2a and 2b). The success overestimate was due, at least in part, to the belief that people attend to failure more than they do (Studies 5 and 6). Correcting this overestimate had policy implications. Citizens apprised of the sobering true rate of postfailure success increased their support for rehabilitative initiatives aimed at helping struggling populations (e.g., people with addiction, ex-convicts) learn from past mistakes (Studies 7a-7c). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Analysis of accidents in maritime transport using the method of Bayesian trust networks

Maritime incidents, though rare, have a significant impact on both the global economy and the environment. Improving maritime navigation practices always requires new ways to enhance safety, inevitably involving learning from past experiences and mistakes. In this context, probabilistic analysis of incidents and their associated consequences can play a crucial role in creating a safer and more efficient maritime transportation system. Bayesian networks constitute a class of probabilistic models based on statistics, decision theory, and graph theory. This paper describes the analysis of maritime incident statistics by selecting probabilistic parameters influencing the risk of their occurrence. Important parameters from this database are grouped, and a Bayesian network is constructed to illustrate the relationships between them. This, in turn, provides insight into the dependencies existing among the variables in the database and the fundamental reasons for these accidents. The data for this study are based on the Lloyds Register and IMO incident databases from 1990 to 2022. Key factors from this database are grouped, and a Bayesian network is built to show the relationships between the corresponding variables, providing an understanding of the probabilistic dependencies among the variables in the database and the primary causes of these incidents.

An Analysis of Disparities and Political Implications in Native American Healthcare

For centuries, an agenda of colonialist-driven politics has left the Native American community alienated from society. Generally stemming from the negligent political values pushed by the United States government, multiple external factors have left Native Americans with a fraction of the prosperity and unity that they once held. Through a series of statistical and holistic analyses of Native American culture and population levels over the years, it has become evident that the lack of attention and support from publicly funded institutions has increased Native vulnerability to a world of rising health threats. In addition to an already meager amount of financial support, organizations directed at helping Natives are met with stubborn governmental legislation that has refused to create the substantial change necessary to modernize a failing system. As such, even though recent advancements have been made and new establishments are on the rise, the most prominent issue regards the government’s unwillingness to expand and create meaningful change. With these issues in mind, this analysis of health disparities impacting the Native American community provides support for the argument that the United States Federal Government must take more action towards making reparations for its past mistakes, in addition to providing the basis for a healthcare system that American Indians can rely on.

Urgensi Kesadaran Sejarah Bagi Peserta Didik

Students should have good historical awareness, as a form of awareness to understand every historical event. History learning is a means of strengthening collective identity, encouraging tolerance, and preventing the repetition of past mistakes. The research study aims to find out how important historical awareness must be possessed by all students as a form of responsibility for history which is embodied in every aspect of their lives. The method used for this research is literature, reviewed from several sources, especially articles related to the writing theme. The research study resulted in an increase in students' history awareness being influenced by the curriculum, educators, methods and use of strategies in learning.

Making amends: emotions and the western response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine

Abstract The western response to Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was unprecedented. The states of the European Union, the G7 and NATO have targeted Russia with sanctions and diplomatic isolation, and furnished Ukraine with military assistance sufficient to ensure the Zelensky regime's survival. These efforts have proven insufficient to dislodge Russia from its occupation of Ukrainian territory. Nonetheless, when launched in the aftermath of the invasion, they were seen (and often justified as) as bold, innovative, and steadfast—a necessary response to a grievous act. What explains this response? In this article we argue that the answer lies in the emotions of guilt and shame for past actions and mistakes in the West's dealings with Russia and Ukraine. Informed by a qualitative discourse analysis of key speeches, statements and interviews with leading western policy-makers (past and present), we regard these two emotions—expressed as apologies and the acknowledgment of mistakes—as important drivers of policy. This article contributes to the bourgeoning literature on emotions in world politics. In addition to offering a coherent explanation of the West's unprecedented response our argument has policy implications. While the admission of wrongdoing is laudable, it can lead to actors overcompensating, resulting in further mistakes and policy failures. Fast-tracking Ukraine into the European Union would be one such error.

Podemos, Sumar and the return of Eurocommunism: the real, the radical and the populist left

Is it possible to create a majoritarian left without lapsing into reformism? Given that Eurocommunism was marked by serious limitations in the past, why is it still relevant to think about it? This article argues that Eurocommunism represented an attempt to create and own the necessary political space to advance socialism in liberal democracies, and to search for ways of building a counterhegemonic project within civil society (which would imply cross-class alliances and a subject of change larger than the working class). The approach adopted by the Spanish left in a number of specific moments in its past reflects the difficulties of a project to shape a political space to the left of social democrac y in modern liberal democracies. This is why Eurocommunism continually resurfaces in contemporary left debate and serially reproduces confrontational positions between reformists and ‘real’ leftists or revolutionaries. What began as a preliminary attempt to re-assess the positions of the left during the transition to liberal democracy returned to debate after 2010, at a time when several fractions and political leaderships were competing to define the way to develop left politics. First the Spanish Communist Party (PCE), and then Izquierda Unida (United Left, IU), Podemos and Sumar have been drawn into debates on how to construct a counter-hegemonic project or build a democratic majority; positions on these questions have been a way of defining their parties, an d the basis for splits inside them This article discusses the PCE, IU, Podemos, Unidas Podemos and Sumar in the light of these recurring themes. Eurocommunism typically figures in these battles as a stand-in for reformism. The problem, however, is not these disagreements per se, but an apparent inability to find a way to widen the space of the left to accommodate pluralism. It is difficult to imagine how positions can be consolidated given the perpetual conflicts in the left bl oc. Regardless of whether the goal is democratic socialism, and the subject the people as a whole or the workers, attempts to expand the political space of the left, in a representative and participatory sense, will not be achieved through narrowing the internal space of organisation and debate. The left is more likely to be able to shape its narrative for thinking about the past and dealing with the future by learning from past successes and mistakes. Eurocommunism functions as a reminder of the challenges of forging a left project aiming to govern and become hegemonic. Reproducing the logics that create enemies within the left has not been an efficient strategy for expanding the political space.

An anthropological history of Nepal’s Female Community Health Volunteer program: gender, policy, and social change

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) are central to Primary Health Care globally. Amidst the current flourishing of work on CHWs, there often is a lack of reference to history—even in studies of programs that have been around for decades. This study examines the 35-year trajectory of Nepal’s Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs).MethodsWe conducted a content analysis of an archive of primary and secondary research materials, grey literature and government reports collected during 1977-2019 across several regions in Nepal. Documents were coded in MAXQDA using principles of inductive coding. As questions arose from the materials, data were triangulated with published sources.ResultsLooking across four decades of the program’s history illuminates that issues of gender, workload, and pay—hotly debated in the CHW literature now—have been topics of discussion for observers and FCHVs alike since the inception of the program. Following experiments with predominantly male community volunteers during the 1970s, Nepal scaled up the all-female FCHV program in the late 1980s and early 1990s, in part because of programmatic goals focused on maternal and child health. FCHVs gained legitimacy as health workers in part through participation in donor-funded vertical campaigns. FCHVs received a stable yet modest regular stipend during the early years, but since it was stopped in the 1990s, incentives have been a mix of activity-based payments and in-kind support. With increasing outmigration of men from villages and growing work responsibilities for women, the opportunity cost of health volunteering increased. FCHVs started voicing their dissatisfaction with remuneration, which gave rise to labor movements starting in the 2010s. Government officials have not comprehensively responded to demands by FCHVs for decent work, instead questioning the relevance of FCHVs in a modern, medicalized Nepali health system.ConclusionsAcross public health, an awareness of history is useful in understanding the present and avoiding past mistakes. These histories are often not well-archived, and risk getting lost. Lessons from the history of Nepal’s FCHV program have much to offer present-day debates around CHW policies, particularly around gender, workload and payment.

THE ROLE OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN REDUCING THE RECIDIVISM RATE

This research explores the role of character education in reducing recidivism among former inmates, with a focus on the Class II Penitentiary in Polewali Mandar. The issue of recidivism reflects weaknesses in the rehabilitation and social reintegration of inmates, which can be addressed through character education. Character education aims to develop moral and ethical values, as well as the ability to adapt in new social environments, helping former inmates recognize and correct past mistakes. A qualitative method with a case study approach was used to collect data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results show that inmates who participate in character education programs exhibit positive changes in behavior and a decrease in the recidivism rate by 20-30%. The implementation of this program was successful through collaboration between correctional institutions, government, and non-governmental organizations. This research concludes that character education plays a significant role in reducing recidivism and recommends enhancing instructor training, psychosocial support, ongoing monitoring, and community collaboration for the success of the program

On Comparisons with Ancient Greek Traditions: Lessons from the Mid-Century

In the twentieth century, at two crucial instances, comparisons with ancient Greek traditions played an important role in forwarding the argument in favor of the early origins of the pentateuchal narrative: Martin Noth’s “amphictyonic hypothesis” and Frank Moore Cross’s account of the Israelite “epic.” This article argues that success of these arguments owes to a hidden “parallelomania” at work in the mid-century, which successfully made the evidence of ancient Greek phenomena seem like something that it was not in service to desirable arguments. Finally, it explores how contemporary approaches can avoid repeating past mistakes.

Unveiling the enigma: Exploring organizational dysfunctional learning modes and institutional amnesia in the Indian Universal Service Obligation Fund

AbstractDespite various government initiatives and substantial unutilized funds in the Indian Universal Service Obligation Fund (USF), a significant population in rural and remote areas still lack broadband services due to inadequate consideration for demographic and geographical challenges in planning and implementation strategies, mainly stemming from focus on quick electoral benefits, favoritism, organizational politics and a sense of indifference. This study employs a multiple‐case approach to analyze the USF institution using the proposed integrated organizational learning framework, offering a novel perspective. The proposed framework identifies factors influencing effective outcomes and provides a comprehensive assessment of cross‐project learning culture within the organization. Additionally, by unveiling systemic deception and hidden intentions, the application of this framework may act as a deterrent to improper practices, contributing to an improved outlook for future projects. Our analysis reveals that despite encountering distinct experiences and outcomes in different initiatives, the USF has missed opportunities to fully leverage lessons learned and avoid repeating past mistakes. To bolster the efficacy of future projects, we propose that the USF adopt a proactive organizational learning strategy involving thorough evaluations and analyses of past projects by experts. This process should aim to extract key lessons, challenges, and best practices, culminating in establishing a repository of learnings. Regularly updating and utilizing this repository can foster a culture of continuous improvement and informed decision‐making. Such an approach can improve project delivery across traditional metrics of time, cost, and quality and maximize benefits delivered to beneficiaries.

Àgô Sankofa: an overview of the progression of sickle cell disease in Brazil in the past two decades.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an emblematic case of historical health neglect in Brazil and reflects how institutional racism produces health inequalities. This article engaged in a historical journey of this disease, showing the delayed implementation of health policies for people with sickle cell disease, often concealed in Public Power's (in)actions and omissions. The lack of commitment to implement the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, such as neonatal screening, and the difficulty in incorporating technologies for health care result from this modus operandi. The advances and setbacks in programmatic actions and the constant pressure on several governmental entities have characterized the reported saga in the last twenty years. The present text discusses the policies for people with SCD, appropriating the Sankofa symbol, meaning that building the present is only possible by remembering past mistakes. Thus, we recognize this trajectory and this historical moment in which there is a concrete possibility of moving forward and achieving the longed-for comprehensive care for people with SCD. There is an invitation to glance at a new perspective, one in which hope is the trigger for the movements needed to guarantee the rights of people with SCD.