Memory Of Past Research Articles

Retelling as Resistance: Translating Niz̤āmī’s Ḳhusrau o Shīrīn in Colonial India

Abstract Urdu literature written in the second half of the nineteenth century in North India has often been characterised in terms of rupture, reshaping, and loss of the legacies of the past. In this essay, I argue that such literary-historical framing not only limits our understanding of thriving Urdu aesthetic production in colonial North India, but also misrepresents a vibrant literary culture that continued to resist the colonial aesthetic valuations by drawing on the legacies of the past much more aggressively. To demonstrate this, I examine here Munshī Gobind Prasād Faẓā’s striking Urdu retelling of Niz̤āmī Ganjavī’s Persian poem, Ḳhusrau o Shīrīn, in the larger context of the colonial aesthetic politics. Through examining Faẓā’s maṡnavī (a poem in rhyming couplets) in the framework of anti-colonial resistance, I argue that Urdu maṡnavī writers engaged the notion of temporality through drawing on the deep memory of the Persianate past in the form of the maṡnavī and presented it as a counter-narrative to the poetics of orphaned newness that were becoming a gold standard in other literary forms at the time. In this essay, I highlight the unique cultural work that the form of Urdu maṡnavī did in addressing, and even overcoming, the proverbial death of a literary culture that remained thriving till deep into the twentieth century.

Dynamic pricing and inventory model for perishable products with reference price and reference quality

Reference price (quality) is a benchmark point used by consumers to make price (quality) judgements. Combining reference price and reference quality with dynamic pricing and inventory management, this paper applies differential equations theory to construct a optimal control model for perishable products when the quality of products declines exponentially. The demand of products depends on price, quality, reference price and reference quality, among which reference price and reference quality are influenced by consumers’ past memory. The aim is to maximize the retailer’s profit during the period. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, a optimal dynamic pricing and inventory model for perishable products with reference price and reference quality is constructed, and the model is extended to dual decision variables, stochastic demand, time-dependent effects, competitive and infinite planing horizon setups. Secondly, through the Pontryagin maximum principle, the analytical expression of the optimal dynamic price is derived. Thirdly, a linear search method to solve the optimal static price is proposed. Finally, the sensitivity of the main parameters is analyzed and the corresponding management enlightenments are given. By comparison of dynamic and static pricing, we find that dynamic pricing can achieve more profits and take a shorter selling period. In addition, for the sales problem of perishable products affected by both reference price and reference quality, retailers should adopt skimming pricing strategy (the optimal price decreases with time). Furthermore, to obtain more profit, retails should strive to increase the sensitivity coefficients of two types of reference, and the reference quality memory coefficient, while to decrease the reference price memory coefficient.

Evaluation Of The Influence Of Reframing On Intermittentexplosive Disorder Among Female Inmates’ Violence Towards Male Partner In Selected Women Prisons, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cognitive restructuring strategies on intermittent explosive disorder among female inmates’ violence towards male partners in selected women prisons in Kenya. The study helped to evaluate the influence of reframing on intermittent explosive disorder. The study was anchored on Social cognitive theory by Albert Bandura and self-evaluation maintenance theory by Abraham Tesser. The study used an Ex Post Facto research design. The study was carried out at Langata and Thika Women Prisons. Quantitative data was obtained from the sampled inmates using questionnaires; while qualitative data was collected using interview guides from the prison key informants. The study incorporated 8 constables, 4 counsellors, 3 chaplains as key informants. Stratified and proportionate simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 307 inmates. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential tests. Hypotheses were tested at p=.05 using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to the study objectives. The findings showed there was a statistically nonsignificant positive relationship between reframing and intermittent explosive disorder as, [r (257) = .051, p = .417]. Increase in intensity of frame shift, target thoughts and evidence of thoughts led to increased traits of intermittent explosive disorder. Based on these findings, the study recommends that prison management through the ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, enhance provision of counselling programmes mbased on cognitive restructuring techniques in the prisons. Reframing as a technique would provide solutions on the past painful memories of the inmates; optimistically avoid violence and keep away from crime

Exploring the Development of Past and Future Episodic Memory in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Longitudinal Study

Adolescence is a critical period where individuals build their identity and consolidate how they interact with others. However, for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the development of identity and social bounds is at stake. These challenges with the development of identity and social bonds could be linked to difficulties in autobiographical memory (AM), whether recalling past events (past episodic memory; past EM) or imagining future scenarios (episodic future thinking; EFT). To date, developmental patterns of AM over time remain poorly understood in ASD. Eleven adolescents with ASD or typical development (TD) completed an assessment of past EM and EFT once per year for three years. Preliminary results show that past EM becomes more detailed over the years for adolescents with ASD, while there is no change for TD adolescents. Interestingly, only the content elements of the narrated events are increasing, not the context elements. Furthermore, EFT evolves in the TD group but remains stable in the ASD group. This first multi-case longitudinal study of AM needs to be replicated with more participants, but it seems to indicate a heterogeneous evolution of AM in ASD. For future studies, these results will lead us to explore the hypothesis of developmental delay and the factors influencing AM development in ASD. Finally, understanding these developmental pathways highlights the importance of personalized therapeutic approaches to support social integration, identity construction, and future projects for adolescents with ASD.

Ethics and Values Matter: The Role of Higher Education

Human existence is a process of learning and development aimed at achieving wisdom, and education has been regarded as the ultimate value system since the birth of culture and way of life for this reason. Education is more than only the acquisition of skills or the gathering of knowledge or news about a topic of interest from others or from other parts of the world. It is not limited to the abilities of obtaining information received and preserved via knowing, or just the exploration of existential problems and familiarization with previously acquired knowledge or data, or with a system of knowledge - but also with the goal of comprehending this cognition. Knowledge is involved with the comprehension of a collection of propositions or concepts. Knowledge can be theoretical and practical, fundamental and abstract, and it may exist in any time period: past, present, and future. However, cognition is always done in the present. Past memories and future prophecies are also remembered in the present, as the ideas flash or surface in the mind. These flashes act as an impetus for our quick determination, allowing us to decide whether or not to undertake anything. However, for the purpose of brevity, I'll lump the two, knowledge and cognition, together under the heading of knowledge. Education fosters the development of talents from all three faculties, as well as wisdom in their right application for the benefit of people and society for creating value and ethics. The goal of NEP 2020 is also having important role in higher education teaching to encourage systematic and focused discoveries and practices that benefit society. Society views higher education institutions as catalysts for the transformation of knowledge into wisdom. The quality, morals, and ethics of higher education institutions are increasingly important in integrating young people into society. A country like India has a large young population, and they are the frontiers of the Indian government's Made in India Initiative. It has been well mentioned that the actual philosophy of education is in the combination of ethics, virtues, values, and the validity of human life, thus it is vital to improve ethical values, philosophical thinking, study, research, and moral growth in the Indian education system.

How Long Does a Memory Last? Bayesian Chronological Modelling and the Temporal Scope of Commemorative Practices at Aeneolithic Monjukli Depe, Turkmenistan

In this paper the history of one house and a human burial in the prehistoric settlement of Monjukli Depe, Turkmenistan, serves as a case study for the use of Bayesian chronological modelling to approach the reach of past memories. The method combines relative and absolute chronological data and aims not only at a more precise and robust chronology of past events, but also allows estimations of duration of particular processes. However, chronological models must be constructed with care, since the prior archaeological information significantly affects the output. The comparison of three alternative models for the Aeneolithic settlement of Monjukli Depe shows that prior information in modelling has a considerable impact on duration estimates for periods of the settlement history. The modelling chronology for Monjukli Depe allows the tracing of commemorative practices at a generational scale—the memory of Monjukli Depe House 14 was transmitted over several generations of inhabitants long after the house destruction. It is clear that houses possessed a great value in the social life of the settlement since local building histories were remembered over a long time.

Paisajes políticos o memorias del paisaje. Envolturas,niebla y humo en la fotografía argentina reciente

Faced with the premise of hypervisibility that governs contemporary societies, some Argentinean photographs imagine a politics and a poetics of space that resist these forms of domination. In them, envelopes, fog, and smoke seem to operate as obstructors of the control and disciplining necessary to make territories available, while at the same time fostering an encounter with the memories of the recent past. We analyse here the photographic series La envoltura de las cosas (2013) by Marcela Cabezas Hilb and Bruma (2017) by Santiago Porter, and the short film Las aguas del olvido (2011) by Jonathan Perel. These works take up the question of landscape and show the complexity of a metamorphic space.

Nostalgia on Twitter: Detection and Analysis of a Large‐Scale Dataset

ABSTRACTNostalgia is a self‐conscious social emotion that arises from reminiscence of past memories. Collective nostalgia on social media such as Twitter has been seen as a method to comfort individuals in the status of isolation, fear, and a loss of freedom. In recent years, many studies have focused on offering analysis of nostalgic conversations to understand their impact on various domains including marketing and mental health, but little attention has been given to how to detect such conversations in the first place. This paper offers a novel large‐scale nostalgic tweets dataset. We describe our extensive methodology to create and validate this dataset using natural language processing models and Large Language Models to detect nostalgic conversations on Twitter. We demonstrate the properties of this dataset alongside analysis revealing insight into context and patterns of what/how people reminiscence about. We finish the paper by describing other research studies that our dataset enables.

In the labyrinth of ideological search: ways to construct a memory of an uncomfortable past (on example of events of the 1917 Revolution and the Civil War)

This article is devoted to the problem of constructing a collective memory of the "inconvenient past" by modern elites of Russia on the example of the events of the 1917 revolution and the subsequent civil war. The conflict aspects of commemoration (installation of monuments and memorial signs) in the process of constructing an official historical narrative are considered. Concidered changes in the official historical narrative regarding the "difficult past" in different periods of time. The preservation of historical memory largely depends on the political objectives of the current government, which not only supports collective memory through various commemorative practices, but also constructs a modern historical narrative. This narrative does not imply the restoration of Soviet historiography; it combines a variety of interpretations of the events of the Revolution and the Civil War in the context of building the historical continuity of Russian statehood. Therefore, the images of some Soviet figures coexist with the figures of their opponents, forming ideas among the mass audience about patriotic service to the Russian state, regardless of ideological and political views. The "lost memory" is not being restored; current generations of Russians have not accepted the political experience of supporters of democratic socialism, who rejected Bolshevism and did not support the "white movement" in the civil war. The attitude towards the losers in the fight against the Bolsheviks today is negative, as towards weak and incapable politicians. Considering historical memory as an integral part of collective memory, it is concluded that only those events of the past that are perceived by society as extremely useful for modern generations are integrated into the structure of collective consciousness. In addition, the inertia of public consciousness affects the "selection of event material". For this reason, during the entire post-Soviet period, it was not possible to completely replace the former Soviet ideological cliches with a new historical narrative.

Presence – Donation – Event

The Helikon Publishing House has published (2006–2018) Sándor Márai’s (1900–1989) diaries in eighteen volumes of eight thousand pages under the title The Complete Diary. After Márai left the country for good in 1948 and went into exile, the communist regime eliminated him from the history of Hungarian literature, and generations grew up without reading his books or hearing about him in their literary studies. The diary is a testament to the existential vulnerability of the writer in exile. This major piece of work has four layers: the first is made up of notes on regular readings, the second is about recent Hungarian history, the third is personal memory, and the fourth is the material for the absorption of the host country’s culture. The Complete Diary changes our view of Márai, whose vision of Hungarian history is disturbing. He sees Hungary as a failed attempt to create a modern bourgeois nation. What is unique about Márai’s diary is the way it fuses memories of the personal past with reflections on the present. The recording of daily events goes beyond the genre of the diary: on the one hand towards the essay, on the other towards the novel.

Third Time's the Charm:The Youth Vote and Prabowo's Victory in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election

After previous failed attempts, Prabowo Subianto won the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. In this article, we outline the events that unfolded in the run-up to the election before analyzing the drivers of Indonesian voting behaviour based on original survey data. Our analyses underscore the importance of transformations in the generational composition of the Indonesian electorate: younger voters, especially those born after the return of democracy, are fuelling its erosion with their support of a former general accused of human rights abuses. In addition to benefitting from the support of incumbent President Joko Widodo, we argue that Prabowo's victory was underpinned by a sophisticated social media campaign, the waning memory of Indonesia's authoritarian past, and a young populace anxious about their economic prospects.

Replay-triggered brain-wide activation in humans

The consolidation of discrete experiences into a coherent narrative shapes the cognitive map, providing structured mental representations of our experiences. In this process, past memories are reactivated and replayed in sequence, fostering hippocampal-cortical dialogue. However, brain-wide engagement coinciding with sequential reactivation (or replay) of memories remains largely unexplored. In this study, employing simultaneous EEG-fMRI, we capture both the spatial and temporal dynamics of memory replay. We find that during mental simulation, past memories are replayed in fast sequences as detected via EEG. These transient replay events are associated with heightened fMRI activity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Replay occurrence strengthens functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the default mode network, a set of brain regions key to representing the cognitive map. On the other hand, when subjects are at rest following learning, memory reactivation of task-related items is stronger than that of pre-learning rest, and is also associated with heightened hippocampal activation and augmented hippocampal connectivity to the entorhinal cortex. Together, our findings highlight a distributed, brain-wide engagement associated with transient memory reactivation and its sequential replay.

Salutary Reminiscing, Pathological Nostalgizing, and the Psychopolitics of Christian Nationalism

ABSTRACT In the psychology literature, nostalgizing is largely considered a handy coping skill centered on people recollecting past favorable memories to assuage present feelings of loneliness and personal insecurity. This approach fails to distinguish between recollecting fond memories for benign self-flourishing reasons, and malignant self-foreclosure ones. The former is better conceived of as salutary reminiscing – savoring old memories of a life well lived for purposes of holding hope alive that analogous self-affirming experiences can be agentically pursued in the present and future. The latter – pathological nostalgizing – pertains to overattachment to a sentimentalized past that is felt to be superior to anything obtainable in the present and future. Its psychological underpinnings often involve parental idealization and thwarted grief. This article explores these themes and details how a depth-psychological perspective on nostalgia is pivotal for any robust psychosocial understanding of the allure of the Christian Nationalist Movement and its authoritarian spokespersons. Conservatively minded citizens who feel marginalized and psychologically undone by techno-modernist social transformations and secular trends can easily fall prey to nostalgic rhetoric by demagogic leaders of an enchanted past where traditional social order and moral correctness prevailed.

Two-Year Longitudinal Outcomes of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Hispanics Compared to Non-hispanic Whites.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), considered a preclinical dementia stage, is less understood in Hispanics, a high-risk group for dementia. We investigated SCD to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression risk, as well as baseline and longitudinal features of depressive symptoms, SCD complaints, and objective cognitive performance among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Hispanic (n = 23) and NHW (n = 165) SCD participants were evaluated at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Evaluations assessed function, depressive symptoms, SCD, and objective cognitive performance. Hispanics were at increased risk of progression to MCI (OR: 6.10, 95% CI 1.09-34.20, P = .040). Hispanic participants endorsed more depressive symptoms at baseline (P = .048) that worsened more longitudinally (OR: 3.16, 95% CI 1.18-8.51, P = .023). Hispanic participants had increased SCD complaints on the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) (β = .40 SE: .17, P = .023), and in specific BCRS domains: concentration (β = .13, SE: .07, P = .047), past memory (β = .13, SE: .06, P = .039) and functional abilities (β = .10, SE: .05, P = .037). In objective cognitive performance, Hispanic ethnicity associated with decline in MMSE (β = -.27, SE: .13, P = .039), MoCA (β = -.80 SE: .34, P = .032), Trails A (β = 2.75, SE: .89, P = .002), Trails B (β = 9.18, SE: 2.71, P = .001) and Guild Paragraph Recall Delayed (β = -.80 SE: .28, P = .005). Conclusions: Hispanic ethnicity associated with a significantly increased risk of 2-year progression of SCD to MCI compared to NHW. This increased risk associated with increased depressive symptoms, distinctive SCD features, and elevated amnestic and non-amnestic objective cognitive decline. This supports further research to refine the assessment of preclinical dementia in this high-risk group.

Selective Impairment of Verb Tense in MazandaraniSpeaking Agrammatic Patients

Introduction: Among many grammatical problems affecting agrammatic patients, those of inflectional morphology, specifically tense, stand at the forefront. This study aimed to analyze tense properties in Mazandarani-speaking Broca patients to see which aspects of this inflectional system were more negatively affected. Materials and Methods: Utilizing inclusion/exclusion criteria, we chose 10 patients (mean age 47 years) in this descriptive-analytical research. To select our participants, some criteria including the results of the Persian aphasia test, monolingualism, and magnetic resonance imaging reports were considered which corroborated the involvement of the anterior frontal lobe, inferior anterior parietal lobe, Perisylvian, and Broca’s areas as well as inferior frontal gyrus. To monitor our patients’ performance in three separate tenses of present (progressive), future, and past (simple past, past perfect, and past continuous), we administered written sentence completion and sentence-to-picture matching tests. To investigate whether our patients’ performance in diverse verb tenses was significantly different, we utilized Wilcoxon statistics to analyze our data. Results: The results demonstrated a significant difference between the performance of the patients in past progressive tense compared to other tenses (P=0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the mean responses to past tenses and present-future tenses. Conclusion: Mazandarani-speaking agrammatic demonstrated selective poor performance in the past tense inflection. Regarding the crucial role of tense properties in verbal communication, specifically past tense, to talk about past events and memories, more attention is needed by clinicians and speech therapists to reinforce tense properties enhancing agrammatic communication capabilities.

The Role of Salience and Memory in Fertility Decisions: Experimental Evidence

Public policies use communication campaigns to affect individual behavior. We analyze how providing women with information on the beneficial effects of using formal childcare may affect their realized fertility. We argue that cues in the messages are particularly salient for mothers and women with fertility intensions, since they activate these women’s past memories. Hence, cues induce these women to create mental representations of future actions, such as realized fertility. We exploit a randomized survey experiment run in 2011, which provides information on the positive effects that attending daycare may have on the children’ future cognitive development. Using a follow-up survey run six-year later we show that the treatment increases realized fertility among mothers and women with declared fertility intentions, for whom the communication was more salient. Yet, the treatment did not affect the individual knowledge nor recall of the information provided in the message. Our results carry important policy implications: persuading individuals is difficult, but communication can be effective if salient.

Fantasy strolling beyond the stage: A study of fan-culture geography of the Takarazuka Revue

ABSTRACT The Takarazuka Revue is commonly differentiated from other Japanese theatres based on their gendered stage performances and distinct relations between the performers and their patrons. So far, little research has been conducted on Takarazuka’s fan culture beyond the prism of a theatre performance and performer/fan relationships, especially when it comes to issues such as locality, fan tourism, or fans’ consumer practices that are not limited to the activities of fan clubs. Looking at Takarazuka from the perspective of the imagined core of Takarazuka fan culture offers us a glimpse into the reasons for the unprecedented popularity of this establishment: the fantasy beyond the stage. Drawing on ethnographic data from fieldwork conducted in Takarazuka City and interview data with Takarazuka fans, this article examines Takarazuka fans’ perceptions of Takarazuka Revue’s birthplace, the core of Takarazuka City, and the landscape surrounding its home-theatre, the Takarazuka Grand Theatre. I explore how past memories, lived experiences, and personal encounters of individual fans transform an urban neighbourhood into a shared fantasy surpassing the theatre stage; an embodied space characterised by movement, liminality, and affect, which is hidden behind the idea of the “Takarazuka space”. I argue that Takarazuka fans’ awareness of the ubiquitous Takarazuka space on both communal and personal levels signifies a multi-layered fantasy which exceeds the expectations of theatregoing practices, and provides us insight into the way local theatres within urban landscapes have the potential to shape individual fan identities and promote the creation of fan networks.

Walizka, peron, wagon… Uchodźczy los we Wspomnieniach Nadieżdy Teffi

The first-wave Russian emigrants who left the country as a result of the October Revolution in 1917 and the civil war were united by a deep awareness of the loss of their roots and the need to preserve the memory of their former homeland and the tragic historical events that contributed to the exodus. Hence the huge popularity of the so-called “memory” literature among emigre writers and its diversity. The aim of this article is to include Memoirs of Nadezhda Teffi in the memoirs of the first wave of Russian emigration, dealing with the subject of the civil war and escape from Sovdepia. Typical distinguishing features of the reggee fate related to the category of memory were analysed, which include a suitcase, a platform and a wagon (similarly: a trunk, a harbor, a cabin). These attributes (except for a suitcase) did not attract the attention of researchers, although the plot of the work, which is the author’s subjective account, is largely focused around them. As a result, it was proved that they played various roles in the biographies of emigrants, reflecting new realities and social moods, often going far beyond their usual purpose or becoming symbols. This allows us to conclude that in her memoirs, Teffi combines the individual and collective dimension of remembering, because she shows a breakthrough moment in the history of the homeland from the narrator’s individual perspective through the details of everyday life, and is also part of the mission of Russian émigré literature by co-shaping the memory of the recent past.

Memory and Pain: A Critical Examination of Tom Stoppard’s Leopoldstadt through the Holocaust

Tom Stoppard, a playwright of Jewish origin born in 1937, who is alive today, reflects his own past in terms of the Holocaust in his 2020 play Leopoldstadt. While Leopoldstadt conveys Stoppard’s life from past to present as an autobiographical family story, it also confronts the author with his painful past in the modern age. Besides the modern individual and Europe, both having undergone development and transformation with Modernity and Modernism, the traumatic traces left behind by the historical process reveal the reality of the Holocaust. In this respect, Leopoldstadt is important in terms of understanding the impact of the characters’ confrontation with their past memories and unforgettable traces caused by the Holocaust on the memory of modern and postmodern Jewish societies. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Zygmunt Bauman’s views on modernity. Bauman is a thinker who has made significant contributions to the issues of modernity and the Holocaust, and his work contains important explanations for understanding the complexities of the modern world. His critique of modernity also leads Leopoldstadt to address the effects of the Holocaust and the dark sides of the modern world. This study focuses on how Stoppard, who experienced the devastating effects of the Holocaust, addresses the interplay between his Jewish identity and the challenges he faced in the modern age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the traumatic painful realities of the historical process in the play Leopoldstadt from the perspective of the relationship between memory and history.

The Infrastructure of Traumatic Memory: Kazakhstan after Soviet Modernization Projects

Abstract The article discusses the features of the interaction of local, national, and global memory of the traumatic past and the current commemorative practices of Kazakhstan. The authors used the concept of transnational, multidirectional, and agonistic memory to make an extended interpretation of Kazakhstan’s postcolonial/post-Soviet situation as avoiding conflict. Traditionally, the traumatic discourse of memory in Kazakhstan is described in the context of post-Gulag analytics. On the other hand, some places as the Baikonur cosmodrome produce technogenic traumas. The fundamental concept of the article is a traumatic memory infrastructure which allows, first, to link the diversity of places of memory with the implementation of technological megaprojects in Kazakhstan; second, to identify their correlation with transnational memory practices; and finally, to show the Kazakhstani outline of trauma, which is still insufficiently represented in academic literature. The article uses empirical materials collected by the authors during field research in Kazakhstan.