Past Masters Research Articles

Reviews and notes

Engels. By Terrell Carver. New York: Hill and Wang, “Past Masters” Series, 1981 Reply to Volpacchio ∗ This reply continues an exchange started by the publication of Hirschhorn's article, “The Post‐industrial Labor Process,” in Issue 7 of New Political Science. Volpacchio responded with a “note” in the same issue.—Ed. Reply to Berberoglu and Volpacchio ∗ This reply continues an exchange started by the publication of Block's article, “Beyond relative Autonomy: State Managers as Historical Subjects,” in Issue 7 of New Political Science. Volpacchio responded with a “note” in the same issue. Berberoglu also wrote a “note” in Issue 7 in which he critiqued Block's earlier work.—Ed. Reply to Elshtain ∗ This reply continues an exchange started by Kesselman's review in Issue 2/3 of New Political Science of Theodore Mills Norton and Bertell Oilman, eds., Studies in Socialist Pedagogy (New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1978), in which appeared Elshtain's paper. Elshtain replied to Kesselman's review in Issue 5/6 of NPS.—Ed.

REVIEWS

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Montaigne. By PETER BURKE. (Past Masters). Oxford: University Press. 1981. 81 pp. £5.50 and £1.25 (paperback). I. W. F. MACLEAN I. W. F. MACLEAN OXFORD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXVI, Issue 3, July 1982, Page 321, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXVI.3.321 Published: 01 July 1982

Review. Krailsheimer, Alban, Pascal

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Pascal. By ALBAN KRAILSHEIMER. (Past Masters). Oxford: University Press. 1980. 84 pp. £3.50 and 95p. E. MOLES E. MOLES GLASGOW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXV, Issue 2, April 1981, Pages 198–199, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXV.2.198 Published: 01 April 1981

In Search of Satanella: An Adventure Prompted by The Children of Theatre Street

Ever since I was fourteen and read Tamara Karsavina's Theatre Street, I had wanted to visit the school that she described so endearingly in her autobiography. Finally, in 1973,1 was in Leningrad and had a chance to see what is now known as the Vaganova Choreographic Institute. After several engrossing hours of watching classes, I was called into the office where I was invited to ask questions but was first asked to listen to an explanation. “We know,” said the young man appointed as spokesman, “that you have visited the very modern new school that is now used by the Bolshoi Ballet. We want you to know that we, too, were offered a new building by the Soviet government, but we did not accept it. We told the government that, unlike Moscow, we have a great tradition that was created and nurtured within these walls. We are proud of this tradition and we want to remain here.”If I had not already loved the Leningrad school because of Karsavina, I would have loved it then.The film The Children of Theatre Street tries to capture some of this feeling of inheritance, and at times it succeeds. We see the rapt faces of the young students as they stand beneath portrait's of past masters who walked these same halls, beneath views of dancers who preceded them, perhaps at that same space at the barre. The face of tradition, like that of a parent, is both loving and demanding. The children are intensely aware of their responsibility; we respond to their consuming dedication as the film concentrates on the daily lives of two young students, Angelina Armeiskaya and Alec Timoushin. But watching moments of their classes, we long to see more of their dancing. Of course, it is interesting to see the school cafeteria and a dormitory bedroom, but a glimpse would have sufficed.

The Past Masters: Politics and Politicians 1906-1939 by Harold Macmillan (Harper and Row; 240 pp.; $15.00)

The Past Masters: Politics and Politicians 1906-1939 by Harold Macmillan (Harper and Row; 240 pp.; $15.00)

BOOK REVIEWS

The Natiosalisation of British Industry 1945–51. By Sir Norman Chester, C.B.E.Power, Violence, Decision. By W. J. M. Mackenzie.Explorations in Government, Collected Papers 1951–1968. By W. J. M. Mackenzie.Oswald Mosley. By Robert Skidelsky.The Impact of Hitler. British Politics and British Policy 1933–1940. By Maurice Cowling.The Transfer of Power, 1942–47. Edited by Nicholas Mansergh. Volume V, The Simla Conference, September 1, 1944‐July 28, 1945.The Past Masters: Politics and Politicians 1906–1939. By Harold Macmillan.Committees of Inquiry. By Gerald Rhodes.The Parliamentary Ombudsman. By Roy Gregory and Peter Hutchisson.Sociology and Social Policy. By P. Townsesd.Social Policy and Administration Revisited. By D. Donnison et al.The Political Ideas of Marx and Engels: Vol. 1: Marxism and Totalitarian Democracy 1818–1850. By Richard N. Hunt.Marx Without Myth. By Maximilien Rubel and Margaret Masale.Marxian and Post‐Marxian Political Economy. By Arun Bose.Marx and Modern Social Theory. By Alan Swingewood.Marxist Analyses and Social Anthropology. Edited by Maurice Bloch.The Study of Government. By F. F. Ridley.

Elementary Physics in the Lyceum and Stoa

T HE VIEWPOINT IS STILL PUT FORWARD in very many handbooks on ancient philosophy and special accounts of Stoicism that in physics Heraclitus is the Stoics' main source.' Friedrich Solmsen, however, poses the problem well when he asks, are contemporary scholars, who treat the Stoic exegesis of Homer and Hesiod with a smile or a shrug of the shoulders, well advised if they accept the Stoic interest in Heraclitus as a basis for their own appraisal of Stoicism and its place in the history of Greek thought? And he further makes the point: there can be no doubt that the early Stoics recognized Heraclitus as their &pXjyETqs and made the most strenuous efforts to find their doctrines about the fire, about the nature of the soul, about &Va0URIl'Lcriu and also about the k6yos anticipated in his utterances. They were past masters in exegesis.2 Deeper study reveals that the most important

The Modern Dual Economy—a cost-benefit analysis of Liberia

Even now, in the last third of the twentieth century, the nineteenth-century dual economy still exists, in effect if no longer in name, over much of the developing world. Although nationally independent — in Latin America for the past 100 years, and now in Africa and Asia — many of the developing nations are still economically dominated by their past colonial masters.

An Osler Memorandum

To the Editor.— May I take this opportunity to congratulate all those concerned with the preparation and publication of the Osler "Commemorative Issue ofThe Journal(Dec 22, 1969)? This is a landmark in that it appeared at a time when the traditions of American medicine are threatened by those who clamor for change. The medical traditions established by Osler and others are the foundations of modern American medicine. May the young medical graduate still find in the past masters, like Osler and his colleagues, the inspiration that is needed to rekindle the fire of medical knowledge, so that the prestige of America may ever remain high as the guiding light to all other men of medicine throughout the world.

The Names of Poets in Georgij Ivanov's Poetry

GEORGIJ IVANOV THE EMIGRANT POE'r was born in 1894 in Russia and died in France in 1958. He is one of the most modern Russian poets, and the use of the names of poets represents one of the modern aspects in his poetry. Whether his reference to past masters is or parody, their names appear predominantly as objects of his new technique. As a result, the traditional terms homage and parody themselves become ambiguous. Unlike the traditional Russian poets or even some contemporary poets, Ivanov does not address or invoke his great predecessors, as for example, Puskin frequently does (To Zukovskij: Bless me, oh poet! To Baratynskij: Every line of your story, etc.). In the more recent period the Symbolist poet Alexandr Blok uses names much less frequently, and his references are limited almost exclusively to the names of the Symbolist period (Anna Axmatova, Valerij Brjusov, Vjaeeslav Ivanov). The contemporary poet Evtusenko recently published one of his poems in the form of an epistle under the title Letter to Esenin (Pis'mo Eseninu). In Ivanov's last book 1943-1958. Stixi (1943-1958. Poems) with which this study is concerned, the poems carry no titles at all.l Names of poets appear in Ivanov's poetry in four different contexts: first, to identify epigraphs; second, as non-textual dedications; third, as epithets; and fourth, predominantly as rich verbal material necessary to the structure of the poem. These latter names are frequently accompanied by some additional elements of the poetic world of a given poet. Examples of these are hidden citations, paraphrases, or poetic themes. This group is the largest, the most interesting, and deserves closer study.

Plato Versus Parmenides

-that is, in the generalized statement I have already mentioned, quoted in full below. In thus isolating the argument from its context in the dialogue, Vlastos puts himself at a serious disadvantage. is an Eleatic, and Eleatics are well known as past masters in the art of controversial debate (they are GEco JAE-YKTUICOK; see Sophist 2i6 B 5). The Parmenides of the dialogue shows throughout that he is well able to sustain his countrymen's reputation; but what

Ernst Junger's Concern with E. A. Poe

REQUENT references to E. A. Poe in the works of Ernst Jiinger, particularly in those written during and after World War II, raise two questions: First, what is it that attracts Jiinger and Poe ? And second, has Jiinger's interest in Poe influenced his own writings? This paper addresses itself to the first question. Concerning the second, let me simply say that I do not think it is possible to trace any direct influences of Poe on Jiinger. Undoubtedly Jiinger sees in Poe more than the expert craftsman of grotesque tales and romantic fantasies, although the role of the romantic element in Jiinger's work should not be underestimated. The relationship of the two authors is one of affinity rather than dependency, an affinity rooted in their common concert with one major literary theme-the theme of terror. Terror, as a literary theme, is as old as literature itself. The Greeks considered it an essential element of tragedy. In German literature the romantic poets, notably E. T. A. Hoffmann, were past masters at itso much so that, when the theme began to appear in Poe's writings, he was accused of plagiarizing the Germans. He defended himself against this charge by protesting that, if in many of my productions terror has been the thesis, I maintain that terror is not of Germany but of the soul.1

The Metrical Units of Greek Lyric Verse. I

What kind of Theory of Music and Theory of Metric was taught to the young Pindar or the young Sophocles? So far are we from an answer to this question that we do not even know how far extra study was necessary, or usual, for the professional poet as compared with the ordinary educated Greek citizen. The interdependence of music and metric in lyric poetry gave complexity to the word-rhythms but kept the study of music, the subordinate partner, theoretically simple. Doubtless by the time the young poet had learnt by heart the words of past masters of lyric verse, sung or accompanied them on the lyre, and danced them in choir or κ⋯μος, he had absorbed by practice and somewhat rule-of-thumb methods of training a great deal of the τ⋯χενη which his calling would require. He would have to learn, in common with the χοροδιδ⋯σκαλος, how to read and write a simple score, and so he must know the symbols of pitch in such scales as were then in use. The notation of arsis and thesis may have been required too, and if we knew that this was so, and how he was taught to apply it, we might be in a much better position to assess the kind of theory he learnt. But of one thing we may be sure: genius apart, it was his practical training, as performer and spectator, rather than theoretical teaching which gave his ear its cunning and technical skill to compose new rhythms.

Manual de oftalmologia clinica y teorica.

This is the first of four projected handbooks on clinical and theoretic ophthalmology, designed to cover all phases of the subject. This volume covers the essentials of general clinical ophthalmology, especially with reference to examination procedures and the correction of refractive errors. It is in a sense a condensed revision, with inclusion of the latest advances in the specialty of the author's previous work, now out of print, Lectures on Clinical Ophthalmology. The forthcoming volumes will take up in greater detail many of the topics only briefly discussed here, as well as subjects of a more advanced character. Chapter 1 opens with a brief history of ophthalmology, illustrated with photographs of the most eminent past masters of the specialty, and then goes on to a general consideration of the anatomy, embryology, physiology and pathology of the visual apparatus. This is presented in large, bold strokes, so to speak, and conveys

The Stone Technique of the Maori 1

THE Maori have long been famous as past masters in the art of working stone, the ornaments and implements of the beautiful nephrite (“jade”) of New Zealand being especially noteworthy. It is, therefore, with peculiar pleasure that we welcome the appearance of a monograph which deals in an adequate manner with this important subject; indeed this is the only complete account we have of stone technique in Oceania. The student must not overlook, however, the beautifully-illustrated monograph on “Ancient Hawaiian Stone Implements,” by W. T. Brigham (Mem. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, vol. i., No. 4, 1902), in which many implements from New Zealand are figured.

The Beginner in Poultry The Zest and the Profit in Poultry Growing

BY the time the “beginner” has read this book he might well think himself something more than a beginner. The keynote of the work is sympathy, and once possessing that, it is hard indeed if one cannot make a success of any hobby in live stock. Naturally, the suggestions as to management are more suited to the States than to this country, but the reader who wishes to take a broad view of aviculture, and is already conversant with the ins and outs of the daily routine, will find much food for reflection by a careful study of many of the chapters. We would specially commend to the powers that be section 22 on poultry schools. When one knows of the hard struggle for existence some of our educational work has had, and the scant support our own Board of Agriculture can offer, it makes one feel somewhat envious of the magnificent grants that are so freely available on the other side. The writer of this notice has had the good fortune to take part in some of the courses alluded to, and knows that such experts as are engaged at Cornell and Corvallis, &c., are past masters in the poultry world, and heartily endorses much of what the book says on this question.