Passive Receivers Research Articles

A 20th-century discovery: the influence of environmental factors and space structure arrangement on teaching

The tradition of classroom space design is formed because people need to find a formal occasion for the dissemination of ideas and knowledge. Whether it is the earliest school in China or the earliest mode of communication in the square in the West all emphasize Teaching, the one who teaches is the leading, the dominant, and the one who learns is the passive receiver. It was not until the last century that people began to notice the significance of "Teaching and Learning" and made changes in the structure of the classroom. This article compares the traditions of Classroom space design and its functions. By doing that, it is argued that the 20th-century design of Classroom re-invent the function of teaching and learning interactions.

PARAJA: AN ANAMNESIS OF SUBALTERN RESISTANCE

The present issue critically analyses Gopinath Mohanty's novel Paraja (1945) in the light of James Scott's book Domination and the Arts of Resistance which is deemed a great success in exploring the conundrum of unequal power relations in a society where the binary system of active givers (volunteers) and the passive receivers (local population) hints a priori an unequal relationship.These power relations define how two or more different parties interact with each other and its due reflection on human behavior in the intellectual world.The book Paraja examines the reflection of people's position in their actions in social life. Furthermore, by following Scott's concept of public and hidden transcripts, I attempt to analyze and examine their behavioral motives and identify the factors that direct and energize their behaviors. Scott's previously stated book sounds engrossing, and its advantage can be availed, especially in examining dominance and resistance and generating new interest in the liberative reading of the novel Paraja from a different angle that authorizes cultural and political forms of domination. The present paper will draw upon the preceding work of Scott primarily in exploring critical issues in the interpretation of the novel and how the book may be suggestive and stimulating for new explorations.

Facilitating content knowledge, language proficiency, and academic competence through digital storytelling: Performance and perceptions of first-year medical-related majors

This study explores pedagogical applications of using digital storytelling to facilitate the learning of content knowledge, integrated language proficiency, and academic English competence in an EFL context. Informed by social constructivism, process writing theory, and multimodality, a digital storytelling project was designed in accompany with a series of carefully structured learning tasks and instructor’s scaffolding during the composing process. The findings revealed that digital storytelling encouraged learners to transform from passive receivers to critical users of knowledge, engaged them in using integrated English abilities strategically, and invited them to explore the possibilities and limitations of applying multimodalities in order to construct meaning. In addition, students revealed more awareness of rhetorical, linguistic, and inter-semiotic choices, in response to the interactive nature of the multimodal genre.

The geostrategy of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AFCFTA) and third parties: a focus on China

The primary objective of this article is to interrogate Sino-Africa Relations and questions if Africa a passive receiver of both Chinese and Western influence? This paper is divided into four sections. The first section of the paper outlines the African Continental Free Trade Agreement. It is followed by a discussion of the political factors, driving Africa's desire for greater integration. The second section explains the potential trade impacts of the AfCFTA on African states and illustrates the rationale and appetite for the AfCFTA. Section three examines bilateral relations with third-parties, with a focus on China, speculating about the future of Sino-African trade relations and the AfCFTA. Finally, section four concludes the study. The discussion and findings suggest the following. Firstly, that African officials perceive the role of China in a positive light, and China is seen as a fellow developing country. Secondly, African leaders laud China for its contribution to the growth of African nations. Thirdly, however, China is criticized for poor working conditions, China is seen to negotiate unfair deals and for some scholars China perpetuates the neo-colonial relationship and, in some countries, there have been violent protests against China. This study encompassed a qualitative, exploratory approach, which relied heavily on both primary and secondary sources of data.

Book Review: Sebastian Garbe (2022) Weaving Solidarity. Decolonial Perspectives on Transnational Advocacy of and with the Mapuche. Transcript Verlag.

Weaving Solidarity (2022) by Sebastian Garbe is a novel and potent contribution to debates on international solidarity and decoloniality. The thread that connects the book’s different chapters is the author’s examination of how the Mapuche, as a transnational and collective actor composed by the Mapuche living in the Indigenous territory of Wallmapuand the Mapuche diaspora living in Europe, produce their own network of solidarity. Contrary to analyses that interpret relations of solidarity in a humanitarian key, i.e. analyses that make a clear distinction between passive receivers of support who are affected by a particular conflict and active agents (external to the conflict) whose moral imperative is to give support, Garbe shows how the Mapuche are not mere receptors of solidarity. On the contrary, the Mapuche themselves have created a design of transnational solidarity since the 1970s, which has neither been fully determined by non-Indigenous givers of support located in the global north, nor fully occupied or saturated by “the conflict” with the Chilean state.

Passive Inverted Ultra-Short Baseline Positioning for a Disc-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicle: Design and Field Experiments

Underwater positioning is critical to autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for navigation and geo-referencing. The rapid attenuation of the electromagnetic wave in the underwater environment prevents the use of traditional positioning methods such as the Global Positioning System, whereupon acoustic methods like ultra-short baseline (USBL) positioning systems play an important role in AUV navigation. However, the high cost and complexity of classical USBL systems have stifled the democratization of these technologies, which leads to a new method called passive inverted ultra-short baseline (piUSBL) positioning. In a typical piUSBL system, a single beacon is placed at a reference point, periodically broadcasting a positioning signal. A passive USBL receiver, time-synchronized to the beacon, is mounted on an AUV to get one-way travel-time (OWTT) slant range and azimuth estimates. The passive nature of the receiver means the system is inexpensive, low-power, and lightweight. Particularly, the omnidirectional broadcasted signals offer a feasible solution for concurrent multi-AUV navigation. This letter demonstrates a full-stack design and development of a piUSBL positioning system, and presents evaluations of the accuracy and reliability of the system through a series of experiments. More significantly, a successful sea trial of a disc-shaped AUV outfitted with our piUSBL was conducted in the South China Sea.

An Examination of Wang Rongpei’s Translation of The Peony Pavilion from the Viewpoint of Reframing Narrative Theory

This paper examines Chinese translator Wang Rongpei’s English translation of The Peony Pavilion from the perspective of narrative theory. As a classical romantic tragicomedy written in 1598, The Peony Pavilion revolves around the extraordinary love story between Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei, set against the social background of the Southern Song (1127-1279) dynasty. Among the numerous English translations of this work, Wang Rongpei’s version stands out as one of particular brilliance, as evidenced by its inclusion in the Library of Chinese Classics. According to the narrative theory put forward by Mona Baker, translators can consciously participate in the construction of the source text’s “story” by strengthening or undermining certain aspects of the narrative they mediate. This paper examines how the translator, who is not merely a passive receiver of a source text, actively mobilizes various strategies to reframe the story of The Peony Pavilion. In doing so, four aspects of the translated invite specific critical attention: its temporal and spatial framing, selective appropriation of textual material, framing by labelling, and the repositioning of participants. This paper argues that in the process of reframing the source text, the translator intentionally reinforces ontological narratives and attenuates public narratives with the aim of delivering a text more accommodating of the tastes of contemporary English-language readers. Finally, the purpose of this paper is to deepen understanding of Wang’s translation practices and outcomes, and to offer for traditional oriental drama translators a key point of reference.

Detection range of two acoustic transmitters in four reservoir habitat types using passive receivers

BackgroundRecently, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks (SDGFP), has undertaken a suite of rigorous acoustic telemetry studies. The goals and scope of the individual research projects vary but all use the same receiver array throughout Lake Sharpe in central South Dakota. Prior to initiating the telemetry studies, we sought to describe the detection probability of receivers from a representation of habitats within Lake Sharpe, South Dakota. We used both a V9-2H transmitter and a V13-1L transmitter in combination with VR2W 69 kHz passive receivers [all from Innovasea (Vemco)] to determine detection probability in four novel habitats of Lake Sharpe. Both transmitter and receiver were moored at fixed distances (200 m 400, and 600 m) for multiple consecutive days and detection probability compared between transmitter type, distance, site, and diel period using ANOVA following arcsine square-root transformation.ResultsWe found significant differences in detection probability between the four habitat types for both the V9 and V13 transmitters. Sites protected from wind and wave action, and with little boat traffic, had larger detection ranges compared to areas that were wind exposed and host more boat traffic. The site immediately downstream from a hydroelectric dam that is exposed to both high wind fetch and is popular for boating, exhibited the poorest detection probability at all distances for both transmitter types. V13 transmitters consistently exhibited greater detection probability relative to V9 transmitters and this difference was greater at further distances. In general, detection probability was higher at nighttime compared to daytime and these differences were significant dependent on transmitter, site, and distance.ConclusionsUsing the information presented, SDGFP has modified their receiver array to maximize the ability to detect acoustic transmitters in the novel habitats of Lake Sharpe. Specifically, receiver spacing was reduced and/or expanded dependent on the distance, where 50% detection probability was attained. More work is needed to identify those factors that influence detection probability of acoustic telemetry systems.

Team Disseminative Capacity: Exploring the Role of Collaborative Processes in Creating, Implementing, and Embedding New Knowledge

Organizations strongly rely on their teams’ abilities to absorb and disseminate knowledge to remain innovative. Prior research has focused primarily on knowledge absorption and the few studies investigating disseminative capacity (DCAP) identified disseminator and recipient characteristics as contributing factors toward effective organizational knowledge transfer. This study investigates the concept of team DCAP by shifting the focus to the role of disseminator–recipient interactions and collaborations during the dissemination process. Adopting a process perspective, we examine five technology transfer initiatives within a large multinational firm in Australia by collecting narratives from 34 members of both disseminating and recipient teams on the emergent processes through which each technology is created, transferred, and embedded at the recipient site. Findings reveal that in instances when knowledge is initially co-created through perspective taking and collective sensemaking among disseminators and recipients, such collaborations have a spill-over effect and continue throughout subsequent implementation and embedding processes, resulting in more effective transfer initiatives. This study contributes new and important insights for transforming the role of recipients from passive receivers of knowledge at the end of the transfer process as often depicted in previous studies, to active collaborators from the very beginning of the transfer process, starting with knowledge co-creation.

THE STUDY ON THE SEMI-EMPIRICAL SOIL MODELS FOR IMPROVING THE GNSS-R SM RETRIEVAL

Abstract. Soil moisture (SM) is one of the important physical properties of soil and plays an important role in agricultural production. Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) SM retrieval is based on the concept of receiving GPS signals reflected by the ground using a passive receiver. Although many research has been reported showing the capability of the GNSS-R technique on SM application. Due to the diversity of soil types and the complexity of soil composition, the study of soil permittivity is still attracting many interesting. This paper presented the investigations on characteristic and performances for different semi-empirical soil models, to reveal and verify the relationship between dielectric constant and SM under different realistic soil compositions. This study is helpful to improve the accuracy for the GNSS-R SM retrieval and can be used to other SM related studies.

New status report from Norway: Implementation of patient involvement in Norwegian health care

In Norway, shared decision-making (SDM) is on the top of the priorities announced by the health authorities. Accountability for implementing this priority has been delegated to the four health regions, and from there into particular departments, hospital trusts, working groups or SDM coordinators. Using abundant public funding, different approaches to producing and implementing patient decision aids have been developed. However, none of these is implemented by any Norwegian services on a regular basis, while the accessible decision aids on the national health platform are not quality approved and in very little use. An ongoing new project is aimed to resolve this dilemma. Health professional training has been developed as a meta-curriculum with multiple modules, adaptive to setting and user group, and designed as an open-source learning platform, based upon the experience of “SDM Ambassadors” delivering the training. Most of the modules are already implemented on a regular basis in the South-Eastern Health Region, and 5000 health care professionals have already graduated from the training modules. However, in the standard patient pathways, and in most of the national medical guidelines, the patient is still considered to be a passive receiver of directives or recommendations, rather than an active participant in their own health decisions. Considerable structural implementation has been done in the education guidelines of all health professions on all levels to embed SDM principles. Teaching in SDM skills, quality of information and evidence-based nursing has become standard in most of the programs at Norwegian universities. Nevertheless, we currently still have no reliable estimate on the degree to which patients are actually involved in their own health decision-making. Further efforts in the process of implementing the patient’s choice in the health system should involve the municipal services, follow a research-based strategy, include monitoring and consider the quality level of the informational environment of health-related decisions.

Frequency-selective signal enhancement by a passive dual coil resonator for magnetic particle imaging

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) visualizes the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. MPI already provides excellent temporal and good spatial resolution, however, to achieve translation into clinics, further advances in the fields of sensitivity, image reconstruction and tracer performance are needed. In this work, we propose a novel concept to enhance the MPI signal and image resolution by a purely passive receive coil insert for a preclinical MPI system. Approach. The passive dual coil resonator (pDCR) provides frequency-selective signal enhancement. This is enabled by the adaptable resonance frequency of the pDCR network, which is galvanically isolated from the MPI system and composed of two coaxial solenoids connected via a capacitor. The pDCR aims to enhance frequency components related to high mixing orders, which are crucial to achieve high spatial resolution. Main Results. In this study, system matrix measurements and image acquisitions of a resolution phantom are carried out to evaluate the performance of the pDCR compared to the integrated receive unit of the preclinical MPI and a dedicated rat-sized receive coil. Frequency-selective signal increase and spatial resolution enhancement are demonstrated. Significance. Common dedicated receive coils come along with noise-matched receive networks, which makes them costly and difficult to reproduce. The presented pDCR is a purely passive coil insert that gets along without any additional receive electronics. Therefore, it is cost-efficient, easy-to-handle and adaptable to other MPI scanners and potentially other applications providing the basis for a new breed of passive MPI receiver systems.

A Low-Noise W-Band Receiver in a 28-nm CMOS Technology

A passive mixer-first receiver architecture operating at a frequency range between 70 and 86 GHz, together with a two-stage LO buffer and a low noise IF amplifier, is presented and designed in a 28-nm bulk CMOS technology. The receiver achieves a single-sideband noise figure (SSB NF) of less than 10 dB for IF frequencies above 400 kHz with a minimum of 9 dB above 1 MHz. The implemented chip features a voltage gain of about 14 dB and a 1-dB compression point of −5 dBm. The receiver core occupies an area of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {0.09}~{\text {mm}^{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and consumes 55 mA from a 1.8-V power supply including all ON-chip biasing circuits.

Antigen presentation safeguards the integrity of the hematopoietic stem cell pool.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for the production of blood and immune cells. Throughout life, HSPCs acquire oncogenic aberrations that can cause hematological cancers. Although molecular programs maintaining stem cell integrity have been identified, safety mechanisms eliminating malignant HSPCs from the stem cell pool remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that HSPCs constitutively present antigens via major histocompatibility complex class II. The presentation of immunogenic antigens, as occurring during malignant transformation, triggers bidirectional interactions between HSPCs and antigen-specific CD4+ Tcells, causing stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and specific exhaustion of aberrant HSPCs. This immunosurveillance mechanism effectively eliminates transformed HSPCs from the hematopoietic system, thereby preventing leukemia onset. Together, our data reveal a bidirectional interaction between HSPCs and CD4+ Tcells, demonstrating that HSPCs are not only passive receivers of immunological signals but also actively engage in adaptive immune responses to safeguard the integrity of the stem cell pool.

Examining users’ news sharing behaviour on social media: role of perception of online civic engagement and dual social influences

ABSTRACT Rising prominence of social media coupled with a myriad of recent developments in the built-in features has allowed users to instantly share news both within and across their social networks, making news-sharing a savvy trend. Additionally, these platforms have enabled users to share news critical to social and civic responsibilities, as well as political news critical to healthy socio-political function. Given the prominence of citizen-driven digital journalism, even ordinary users and passive receivers of information have a powerful voice in modern society, making news-sharing on social media a significant phenomenon spanning across social, economic, and political boundaries. News-sharing behaviour on social media demands further empirical investigation, especially with respect to the roles of online civic engagement and social influences. Drawing upon Elaboration Likelihood Model and Social Influence Theory, this study proposes a research model to explore individuals’ news-sharing behaviour and validates the proposed research model using empirical data collected by a survey of 513 active social media users. Findings confirm that online news quality, news source credibility, perception of online civic engagement, perceived influence on others, and social influence play a crucial role in users’ news-sharing behaviours. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of these findings.

Relative Localization for Silent Absorbing Target in Diffusive Molecular Communication System

Recently, anomaly detection or localization in molecular communication (MC) system has become a research hot topic that can be used to distinguish the abnormal cells in the human body. Due to no or very few molecules the target released, it is difficult to detect the silent target in the MC system. In this article, we construct a three-node MC (TNMC) system, including a point source transmitter, a passive receiver, and a silent absorbing target (SAT), the SAT cannot release but has the ability to absorb the molecules. Based on the above system, we propose a probability equivalent modeling (PEM) method to model the channel of the TNMC system and derive the channel impulse response (CIR) of the receiver. Besides, we propose a localization algorithm based on maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) and Newton–Raphson method to spot the relative location of the SAT. Simulation results verify the correctness of the PEM method and effectiveness for localizing the target.

Normal mode acoustic modeling using measurements of ocean sound speed from the Beaufort Sea

Over the last few decades, environmental changes in the Arctic have resulted in a subsurface acoustic duct located between 100- and 300-m depth, known as the Beaufort Duct. This subsurface duct allows for long-range acoustic transmission with little to no interaction with the sea surface or seafloor. In a 2017 long-range acoustic tomography experiment, two Seagliders traversed between five active sources moored within the duct which transmitted linear frequency modulated (LFM) sweeps centered around 250 Hz. These Seagliders were equipped with conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) sensors as well as passive acoustic receivers. The environmental measurements were used to create sound speed profiles for input into broadband parabolic equation and normal mode acoustic propagation models. The normal mode models provide physical insight into the relationship between the peak arrival and the final cutoff of the ducted acoustic receptions. Modal group speeds from the predictions are used to interpret the acoustic arrival patterns measured on the Seagliders.

A 28-GHz Phased-Array Relay Transceiver for 5G Network Using Vector-Summing Backscatter With 24-GHz Wireless Power and LO Transfer

This article introduces a wirelessly powered phased-array transceiver for fifth-generation (5G) relay systems. To realize the battery-less relay operation, 24-GHz wireless power transfer (WPT) is employed. This relay transceiver consists of the proposed vector-summing backscatter for Transmitter (Tx) and a passive phase-shifting self-heterodyne Receiver (Rx) with a rectifier for Rx and WPT. The receiver generates dc power from the 24-GHz WPT signal, which is also used as a local oscillator (LO) signal to down-convert the 28-GHz 5G modulated data to a 4-GHz IF. The vector-summing backscatter up-converts the 4-GHz IF signal to 28-GHz using a 24-GHz LO signal while working as a 360° phase shifter with a 7-bit resolution. Both transmitter and receiver operate only using the generated power from the 24-GHz WPT. The chip area of the eight-path transceiver is 1.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the transceiver is mounted on a 32-element phased-array antenna board. This module generates 3.1-mW dc power from 6.7-mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> received power density at 24 GHz. The transmitter achieves a −2.2-dBm measured saturated equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and supports a −30° to +30° beam range. The measured error vector magnitude (EVM) values are −27.5 dB for Tx mode and −31.3 dB for Rx mode with a 400-MHz 64-QAM orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-mode signal (5G new radio (NR), MCS 19). The power consumption for each path is 0.03 mW in both Tx and Rx modes.

Detection and Classification of Target’s Speed and Size Using LTE-Based Passive Forward Scattering Radar

Abstract Radar is a system that uses radio waves to detect any objects that pass through the range of its system. The radar system must have two main components which are the transmitter and the receiver. The passive forward scattering radar is being used to detect the target’s speed and size. This passive radar uses the cell tower of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) as a transmitter and will illuminate any moving targets that pass through the system. The passive radar receiver which can be remotely placed will detect the scattered radiation of the target. The detection of the target is in a waveform called the Doppler signature. From the Doppler signature, the target’s speed and size can be classified according to its group. In this research, a different target has a different Doppler signature because every target’s body has a different body build. The differences in Doppler signature also can be detected when the target moves at different speeds. The study of different speed targets will relate to the relationship between the time and frequency theory. The data collection of Doppler signature is collected in three different places which are Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM, Shah Alam), Kampung Sungai Kajang (Tanjung Karang), and Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS) (Serdang). In conclusion, the LTE-based passive forward scattering radar system is applicable to detect and classify every target with different speed and size which is useful to the country’s border safety and security system.

Bayesian approach to passive receiver localization in a randomly scattered sound field

A Bayesian approach is described for localizing sources and receivers in a randomly scattered sound field, for which the complex Wishart distribution represents the joint distribution of the signals at multiple, arbitrarily separated receivers. The signals are assumed to be narrowband and fully saturated by scattering from homogeneous turbulence (or similar scattering processes) as they propagate along line-of-sight paths to the receivers. Here, we consider a scenario in which there is an array of receivers at known locations, a source of opportunity with unknown amplitude at an unknown location, and a single receiver at an unknown location. The objective is to passively determine the unknown receiver location even though the source characteristics are not initially known. A slice-sampling strategy is found to be suitable for solving the problem. Simulations show that a small number of independent signal samples at the receivers initially enables the unknown receiver to be localized on a circle of constant amplitude around the source. With more samples, the correlation characteristics of the field enable full determination of the unknown receiver location.