Passive Power Filter Research Articles

고조파 보상을 위한 하이브리드 능동전력필터(HAPF)에서 APF의 정현파 전압 주입에 따른 무효전력 상관 관계 분석 및 보상방안

Active power filter (APF) is the preeminent solution against nonlinear loads, current harmonics, and power quality problems. Hybrid APF topologies combining low-power rating APF with LC-based passive power filters(PPF) are used to reduce the power rating of voltage source inverter. If the parameter of the PPF part of the HAPF for decreasing the THD is not properly designed to match the system, efficiency degradation due to control error and overcompensation of reactive power may occur, leading power factor. In order to properly design the capacity of the passive filter of the HAPF, this paper proposes a capacity selection method that considers harmonics and reactive power at the same time.BRAlso, in this paper, reactive power analysis and compensation method in HAPF is presented, operating with the injected sinusoidal waveform voltage of APF. The compensated reactive power performance when considering the variable injection voltage as the proposed method was compared through simulation. As a result, THD was minimized and the controlled reactive power could be reached.

A Review of Control Technique Applied in Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF)

In recent years, electronic transformers and electronic devices (nonlinear loads) have increased. These loads are the source of harmonics (non-sinusoidal and distorted waves) and the interactive force that affects the performance of the power system network. Also, it badly affects the power factor and electrical energy on the scales of efficiency and quality. For this reason, a system called “Active Power Filters” has been adopted. It provides an effective alternative to traditional LC passive power filters. It can improve network performance by treating and reducing harmonics, improving power factor and quality, avoiding resonance between the filter and the network, and reducing reactive power. This paper presents a study on the shunt active power filters device and how to connect it to the distribution network and A review of the bathing control strategies in the methods of calculating current and power, methods of controlling the PWM device, the most prominent techniques for improving the PID control system, and the most prominent algorithms applied in that to improve the safety performance of the Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) on the one hand and to demonstrate the ability of different systems to compensate for THD on the other hand. APF performance fluctuates from one control strategy to another. It reduced (THD) between 0.9% and 13% in several control techniques applied with PWM. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the techniques applied to control the performance of the "Shunt Active Power Filter" to reduce THD

Prominence of Filtering Techniques for Harmonics Mitigation in Advanced Power Electronics Systems

With the advancement in technology, non-linear loads, continue to increase, and the enigma of harmonics is getting more and more serious. The huge addition of electronic loads in power systems has formed the problem of harmonic generation that has resulted in many associated drawbacks. This paper aims to analyze the harmonics in advanced power electronics-based systems and describes a solution to mitigate them through two distinguished filtering techniques. A rigorous analysis is done concerning the generation of harmonic distortion through different types of loads and harmonic mitigation by employing passive and active power filters. The active power (adaptive) filtering method mitigates all sorts of undesirable frequency components using artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms by calculating the weight of the fundamental component and generating a harmonics replica to subtract it from the original periodic wave. The simulations that were done show that the indicated techniques can mitigate undesirable harmonics and can lower the total harmonic distortion (THD) effectively according to the statutory limit of the IEEE 519-2014 standard, thus lowering the associated drawbacks of harmonic generation in advanced power electronics systems.

Assessment of Harmonic Mitigation in V/f Drive of Induction Motor Using an ANN-Based Hybrid Power Filter for a Wheat Flour Mill

Voltage/frequency (V/f) drive of a three-phase induction motor plays a crucial role in a flour mill for energy saving. Wheat consumption in India is increasing day by day, which reached 105,000 metric ton (MT) in 2021. India’s high wheat consumption and production increase flour mills. Thus, energy efficiency in a flour mill is a must in the present situation. Hence, V/f drives are widely used in flour mills. Apart from the advantages of V/f drive, electronic circuits in a drive induce harmonics in a power system. Power quality plays a vital role in a modern power system. Harmonics by V/f drive increase the current consumption, causing increased losses, cable overheating, and motor overheating, which necessitates a filter for harmonic mitigation. In this paper, an artificial neural network controller-based hybrid power filter is proposed for harmonic mitigation. A hybrid power filter (HPF) is presented to overcome the problems and achieve the active and passive power filter’s benefits. Harmonic mitigation of the proposed hybrid power filter is compared with the passive and active filter-based drives. This paper analyzes harmonic mitigation for three-phase induction motors with V/f drive installed in a 300-ton/day wheat flour mill’s purifier fan. The performance of the suggested system is analyzed under various speeds in the aspects of harmonic mitigation, reduction in current consumption, and energy saving using various filters. The entire system is developed and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. Energy saving is increased by around 10.97 kWh per year by HPF by means of reducing harmonics and current consumption compared to an active power filter, while it is increased by around 28.16 kWh/year compared to a passive power filter. Along with the harmonic mitigation, energy saving is also validated for various filters under various speeds.

Experimental Harmonics Analysis of UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) System and Mitigation Using Single-Phase Half-Bridge HAPF (Hybrid Active Power Filter) Based on Novel Fuzzy Logic Current Controller (FLCC) for Reference Current Extraction (RCE)

UPS Uninterruptible power supply) is used as backup when the input source, usually the national grid, fails to give power to a load. In addition to the growing use of electronic power devices in industrial and residential systems, such as UPS, controlled rectifiers, SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supplies), and DC Converters, there is a serious problem caused by harmonics in AC mains, which lowers the power quality. Harmonics can cause a variety of problems, including sensitive equipment failure, resonance issues, heated wires, power loss, and inefficient distribution systems. A passive or active power filter could be used to reduce harmonics. However, passive filters are more difficult to design and are bulkier. With the advancement of power electronics, active power filters were developed, and the best combination of both was supplied in the form of hybrid active power filters (HAPF). This study shows an approach to minimizing the harmonics contained in the output of a UPS connected to a nonlinear load. Experiments with several UPS types have been conducted under various nonlinear loads, as well as charging and discharging of batteries, and the proposed technique significantly reduces harmonics in a system with a HAPFs (hybrid active power filter) based on a unique FLCC (fuzzy logic current controller). In this paper, we use a fuzzy logic controller to generate pulse width modulation (PWM) switching signals in a single-phase half-bridge HAPF. The operation of the proposed PWM-FLCC will be studied in a steady and transient state. Based on a connection between the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) supplying a single-phase power to a nonlinear load, different power filter topologies and a brief review of reference current extraction (RCE) methods used in this study were also included and the most common configurations have been compared with their advantages and disadvantages to ensure the right selection of the power filter for UPS connected with the nonlinear load. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the HAPF with the fuzzy logic current controller has reasonable performance, with a significant reduction in current THD down to 1.09%, as per IEEE-519 standard.

Optimal Design of Passive Power Filters Using the MRFO Algorithm and a Practical Harmonic Analysis Approach including Uncertainties in Distribution Networks

The design of Passive Power Filters (PPFs) has been widely acknowledged as an optimization problem. This paper addresses the PPF parameters design problem using the novel Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm. Moreover, an analytical method based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is proposed to investigate the harmonic performance of such an optimally designed PPF with variations in power networks. The MRFO algorithm has shown a superior solution-finding ability, but a relatively higher computational effort in comparison with other recently proposed algorithms. The harmonic performance of the optimal PPF solution with uncertainties was analyzed using the proposed method. The results imply that the optimally designed PPF can effectively attenuate the high-order harmonics and improved the system performance parameters over different operating conditions to continually comply with the standard limits. The proposed MCS method showed that the optimally designed PPF reduced the voltage and current distortions by roughly 54% and 30%, respectively, and improved the network hosting capacity by 10% for the worst-case scenario.

하이브리드 능동전력필터의 전력품질 개선을 위한 Coordinate Transformation 기법에 대한 성능 비교

In this paper, the performances of Coordinate transformation method for harmonic and reactive power compensation of hybrid active power filters were compared and analyzed. Recently, as the spread of power electronic devices is expanding, the occurrence of harmonics in the system is increasing, and the harmonics have a bad effect on the system and electrical equipment. As a measure against such harmonics, the parallel resonance problem of passive power filters among filters can be solved, and a hybrid active power filter with a small compensation capacity of the active power filter can be considered. However, In order to control the hybrid active power filter to the required power factor, it is necessary to control it through fast tracking even when the load changes. Therefore, in this paper, the performance was analyzed by applying the p-q theory method and the compensation current control method using d-q respectively to the hybrid active power filter. As a result of comparing and analyzing the effects through simulation, it was confirmed that using the p-q theory method quickly followed the target value with a relatively small error even with a variable load than using the d-q method.

Minimization of power losses in passive power filters

THE PURPOSE. Broadband passive filters (BBF) are an effective measure to mitigate harmonic resonance in power systems with nonlinear harmonic producing loads. The disadvantage of simple second-order broadband filters are pure selectivity and excessive fundamental frequency losses. This is especially evident in devices designed for low-order harmonics mitigation. This paper presents new broadband filter configurations with superior performances and low fundamental frequency losses.METHODS. A general method of broadband passive filter design is considered. The filter has the form of single-loaded ladder LC-two-port. Conditions of minimal fundamental frequency loss of the filer are determined.RESULTS. This paper presents new broadband filter configurations with superior damping performances and low fundamental frequency losses. Different broadband filter configurations are compared. The results show that 3-5 order broadband ladder filters have better filtering performance and lower power loss than traditional C-type filters.CONCLUSION. The proposed broadband filters can be used for industrial power systems with powerful nonlinear loads. This will normalize the power quality and at the same time improve the energy efficiency of compensating devices.

Multi-Objective Bee Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Minimum Manhattan Distance for Passive Power Filter Optimization Problems

Harmonic distortion in power systems is a significant problem, and it is thus necessary to mitigate critical harmonics. This study proposes an optimal method for designing passive power filters (PPFs) to suppress these harmonics. The design of a PPF involves multi-objective optimization. A multi-objective bee swarm optimization (MOBSO) with Pareto optimality is implemented, and an external archive is used to store the non-dominated solutions obtained. The minimum Manhattan distance strategy was used to select the most balanced solution in the Pareto solution set. A series of case studies are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method. Therefore, the proposed method has a very promising future not only in filter design but also in solving other multi-objective optimization problems.

Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Minimum Manhattan Distance for Passive Power Filter Optimization Problems

Passive power filters (PPFs) are most effective in mitigating harmonic pollution from power systems; however, the design of PPFs involves several objectives, which makes them a complex multiple-objective optimization problem. This study proposes a method to achieve an optimal design of PPFs. We have developed a new multi-objective optimization method based on an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with a minimum Manhattan distance. Four different types of PPFs, namely, single-tuned, second-order damped, third-order damped, and C-type damped order filters, and their characteristics were considered in this study. A series of case studies have been presented to prove the efficiency and better performance of the proposed method over previous well-known algorithms.

Optimal design of passive power filter for enhancing the harmonic-constrained hosting capacity of renewable DG systems

This paper investigates the application of a passive harmonic filtering to improve the harmonic-constrained hosting capacity (HCHC) of renewable distributed generation (DG) systems in harmonically polluted distribution systems. Concurrently, the optimal parameters of a C-type passive filter (CTPF) and the rating of the DG system are set. The optimum HC of the distorted grid for DG is achieved while reducing total filter cost (FC) to a minimum. Using the newly suggested multi-objective Pareto-based bat algorithm (pb-MOBA), a best-of-breed solution is obtained. The formulated problem of multi-objective optimization (MOO) is dealt with under a number of system performance indices (PIs) constraints such as individual as well as total harmonic distortion (THD) in the line current and the point of common coupling's (PCC) voltage, distribution line ampacity under harmonic current overloading, steady-state voltage profile, load power factor (PF), and so on and a handful that is linked to the passive power filter (PPF) itself. The Pareto optimal front is produced using the MOBA extension, and the trade-off between the objectives is examined. The efficiency and accuracy of pb-MOBA, in dealing with the designated MOO problem, is confirmed by making a comparison of the acquired solution and three computed PIs viz. diversity metric (DM), generational distance (GD), and convergence metric (CM) with those achieved by Multi-objective Pareto-based PSO (pb-MOPSO), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA).

Multi-Objective Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization with Pareto Front for Optimal Design of Passive Power Filters

This paper proposes an optimal design method to suppress critical harmonics and improve the power factor by using passive power filters (PPFs). The main objectives include (1) minimizing the total harmonic distortion of voltage and current, (2) minimizing the initial investment cost, and (3) maximizing the total fundamental reactive power compensation. A methodology based on teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) and Pareto optimality is proposed and used to solve this multi-objective PPF design problem. The proposed method is integrated with both external archive and fuzzy decision making. The sub-group search strategy and teacher selection strategy are used to improve the diversity of non-dominated solutions (NDSs). In addition, a selection mechanism for topology combinations for PPFs is proposed. A series of case studies are also conducted to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method. With the proposed selection mechanisms for the topology combinations and parameters for PPFs, the best compromise solution for a complete PPF design is achieved.

Harmonic reduction in IEEE-3-bus using hybrid power filters

The development of industrial applications and the comprehensive uses of power systems has led to the emergence of harmonics, that non-linear loads are the cause of it. A hybrid power filters (HPFs) is an ideal solution in compensating reactive power and mitigating harmonic current. In this paper, the IEEE-3-bus system companied with the hybrid power filter is performed to reduce current harmonics and improved performance under many operation conditions. The system tested with two types of power filters: firstly, a shunt passive power filer and secondly, a shunt hybrid power filter: which consists of a passive power filter in series with an active power filter. Hybrid power filters simulation results with control strategy have the effectiveness in the reduction of current harmonics from (29.85%) to (0.78%) comparing with other types.

Design of Cost-Effective Compensators to Enhance Voltage Stability and Harmonics Contamination of High-Power More Electric Marine Vessels

In recent years, due to the large spread of power electronics converters onboard shipboard power systems (SPSs), harmonic contamination became an inherent problem. Moreover, as the SPSs are mostly operating in an islanded mode with a limited rating of the generators that feed heavy variable loads, voltage stability issues became a challenge as well. To address these issues, implementing PWM-based FACTS devices using IGBTs such as the active power filters may not be very practical for high-power SPSs due to their limited rated powers, high implementation cost, and high losses. The passive power filters (PPFs) and fixed capacitor-thyristor controlled reactors (FC-TCR) can be effective alternatives due to their capability to operate in high-power applications, smaller losses and, lower cost. The aim of this article is to provide more in-depth analytical investigations to evaluate and compare the behavior of the PPFs and the FC-TCR compensator in reducing the harmonics and enhancing the voltage stability concurrently of high-power SPSs. In addition, details of the voltage stability concept are addressed to visualize the potential risk of the voltage collapse. Besides, the modeling of the FC-TCR and design of the closed-loop control algorithm to ensure voltage stability is conducted. Via intensive simulation studies of a practical ship, which are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment, it has been demonstrated that the FC-TCR based on the proposed design can enhance the power quality and voltage stability of SPSs better than traditional PPFs filters.

Matpower-Based Harmonic Power Flow Analysis for Power Systems With Passive Power Filters

As an open-source MATLAB-based power system simulation package, MATPOWER has been proven to have an adjustable feature that supports modifications to solve specific problems in power systems. Since it was first released, the MATPOWER framework has been widely used for solving steady-state electric power scheduling problems. However, a modification to solve a harmonic power flow (HPF) using MATPOWER has not been launched yet. This paper presents modification procedures to customize the network component models and problem formulations in MATPOWER for the HPF study. The modification procedures can be used to evaluate the bus admittance matrix, bus voltages, and current sources for any harmonic order. Moreover, the modified MATPOWER can evaluate the passive power filter (PPF) installation to improve the harmonic distortion in power systems. The simulation results were satisfactory, indicating that the modification enabled to solve problems in both fundamental and harmonic power flows.

Optimal Design of Passive Power Filter Using Multi-Objective Pareto-Based Firefly Algorithm and Analysis Under Background and Load-Side’s Nonlinearity

In this paper, the optimal designing of passive power filter (PPF) is formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem under several constraints of system's performance indices (PIs) such as individual as well as total harmonic distortion (THD) in the line current and the point of common coupling's (PCC) voltage, distribution line's ampacity under harmonic currents overloading, steady-state voltage profile, load power factor (PF) and a few associated with the filter itself. The optimal design parameters of a third-order damped filter are simultaneously determined for achieving maximum PF at the PCC while keeping system's other indices such as total demand distortion (TDD) in the line current, total voltage harmonic distortion (TVHD) at the PCC and total filter cost (FC) incurred at a minimum by obtaining a best-compromised solution using the newly proposed multi-objective Pareto-based firefly algorithm (pb-MOFA). A novel MOO approach inspired by the modified firefly algorithm and Pareto front is established in order to deal with PPF design problems. The extension of MOFA is considered for producing the Pareto optimal front and various conclusions are drawn by analysing the trade-offs among the objectives. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed pb-MOFA, in solving the concerned MOO problem, is validated by comparing an obtained solution and three computed PIs viz. convergence metric (CM), generational distance (GD) and diversity metric (DM) with those obtained from popular multi-objective Pareto-based PSO (pb-MOPSO), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and recently introduced multi-objective slime mould algorithm (MOSMA). The need for true Pareto front (TPF) is served by the one obtained by Monte Carlo method. At last, the impacts of different background voltage distortion (BVD) levels and load-side's nonlinearity levels (NLLs) on filter performance are analysed.

Design of shunt hybrid active power filter for compensating harmonic currents and reactive power

For the past two decades, tremendous advancements have been achieved in the electricity industry. The usage of non-linear loads in the daily life has affected the power quality of the system and caused the presence of harmonics. To compensate the harmonic currents and reactive power in the system, the design of shunt hybrid active power filter has been proposed in this research. The design of the filter has included several control systems of instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) theory and PI controller to investigate the performance of the filter. The robustness of the designed hybrid power filter has also been benchmarked with the other filter topologies available in literature. The hybrid power filter will combine passive power filter and active power filter configurated in shunt connection. The result of this research showed that the total harmonic distortion analyzed is below than 5% according to IEEE-519 standard requirements and reactive power is compensated proved by the increase in power factor. The shunt hybrid active power filter is designed, and simulation result is analyzed by using MATLAB-Simulink environment.

Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Hybrid, Active Power Filters, for Harmonic Mitigation

In industrial applications which include power systems, it notices that, harmonics which generated due to nonlinear load (power electronic switches) cause issues for the power quality. Generally, the rectifiers accounted as one of the main elements which produce currents harmonics, where these harmonics will transmit through power system and the generated harmonic distortion will be led to enormous issue and damage for the equipment’s. This study deals with hybrid active filter that consist of shunt active power filter(APF) and passive power filter(PPF) in series with grid based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component (id–iq) control strategy to calculate the reference signal of compensation current which is needed to cancelled the non-linear load current. Furthermore, this new technique method handles with adaptive fuzzy logic control with proportional integral control(PI) to obtain perfect controllable dc input of the inverter across capacitor. Therefore, ac output voltage of active power filter with assist of passive power filter is the desirable value in magnitude and frequency, this led to achieve a perfect attenuation of harmonics, where both harmonics and reactive power are compensating. The simulation results show that, the new control method is very effective to reduce harmonic and improve power quality.

Design of passive power filters for battery energy storage system in grid connected and islanded modes

This study presents an improved method to design passive power filters for a battery energy storage system operating in grid connected and islanded modes. The studied system includes appropriate controls according to the selected mode. The global system is composed of two power converters a DC–DC converter and a three phase four wires DC–AC converter. The passive power filters to be designed are the battery inductance, the neutral filter and the LCL filter. Conventionally filter design methods are performed considering only one operating mode parameters. This paper proposes an analysis of the design approaches reported in the literature for each mode separately and then provides a step by step design procedure taking into account constraints of each operation mode. The design is performed based on steady state equations for each mode. An overall system simulation with PSIM software has been developed. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the investigated filter design.

A Novel Control Strategy to Active Power Filter with Load Voltage Support Considering Current Harmonic Compensation

This paper outlines some modifications to conventional active power filters (APFs) to compensate for the non-linearity of the load current. Since the APFs inject the required non-linearity of the load harmonic current to make the current source sinusoidal, a combination of passive power filters (PPFs) and APFs in series connection are more effective rather than individual usages. The proposed control approach based on sliding mode control (SMC) with a suitable sliding surface selection being applied to the proposed hybrid APF to increase the flexibility and reduce the complexity of the controller. An outstanding tracking process based on the reference current in the rotating dq frame is tested and guarantees the rapid convergence exponentially. An extra control loop is provided for DC link voltage regulation to minimize the DC ripples and control the APF three-phase output voltage levels. The presented solution provides an effective and straightforward load voltage support, maintaining an excellent dynamic performance in load changing and current compensation. The experimental results represent the authenticity of the proposed hybrid APF performance through several different tests, implying a feasible control approach for active filtering systems.