Passive Power Filter Research Articles

The Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to Passive and Hybrid Active Power Filter Design

This paper proposes an optimal design method for passive power filters (PPFs) and hybrid active power filters (HAPFs) set at high voltage levels to satisfy the requirements of harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation. Multiobjective optimization models for PPF and HAPF were constructed. Detuning effects and faults were also considered by constructing constraints during the optimal process, which improved the reliability and practicability of the designed filters. An effective strategy was adopted to solve the multiobjective optimization problems for the designs of PPF and HAPF. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was developed for searching an optimal solution of planning of filters. An application of the method to an industrial case involving harmonic and reactive power problems indicated the superiority and practicality of the proposed design methods.

A Novel Three-Phase Hybrid Active Power Filter With a Series Resonance Circuit Tuned at the Fundamental Frequency

In this paper, a novel three-phase hybrid active power filter (HAPF) with a series resonance circuit tuned at the fundamental frequency is proposed for simultaneously suppressing harmonic currents and compensating high-capacity reactive power in high- or medium-voltage power systems. To reduce its rated capacity, the active power filter is shunted to the series resonance circuit by a matching transformer and, thus, greatly reduces its current requirements as well as voltage ratings of semiconductor switching devices. The passive power filters are used to compensate the reactive power with a constant capacity. The validity and effectiveness of this novel HAPF system have been verified by simulation and industrial application results.

Combined System for Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation

In this paper, a combined system of static Var compensator (SVC) and active power filter (APF) was proposed. The system has the function of power factor correction, voltage stability, and harmonic suppression. The SVC, which consists of delta-connected thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and Y-connected passive power filter (PPF), is mainly for voltage stability and power factor correction. The small rating APF is used to filter harmonics generated by the nonlinear load and the TCR in the SVC and to suppress possible resonance between the grid and the PPFs. The configuration and principle of the combined system were discussed first, and then, the control method of the combined system was presented. An optimal nonlinear proportional-integral control was proposed to improve the dynamic response and decrease the steady-state error of the SVC. Harmonic detection with precompensation method and improved generalized integrator control were proposed to improve the performance of APF. The new combined system is compared to classical SVC. It is implemented in a 200-kVA prototype in the laboratory. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed combined configuration can effectively stabilize system voltage, correct power factor, and suppress harmonic currents.

A novel hybrid active filter compensator for stabilization of wind‐utility grid interface scheme

AbstractThis paper presents a novel voltage source converter (VSC)‐based hybrid power filter compensator (HPFC) scheme for effective reactive power compensation and harmonic reduction in distribution grid networks with the dispersed wind energy interface. A novel multi‐loop dynamic error‐driven controller equipped with an auxiliary DC‐side voltage tracking loop is introduced to ensure a robust and fast control of the HPFC. Based on digital simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed HPFC scheme is fully validated in a unified sample wind‐energy embedded distribution system under wind velocity excursions and electric load disturbances. The dynamic performance of the HPFC is compared with that of the conventional active power filter (APF) and that of the passive power filter (PPF), respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Practical Series-Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter Based on Fundamental Magnetic Potential Self-Balance

In this paper, a novel series-shunt hybrid active power filter based on fundamental magnetic potential self-balance is reported. It consists of three parts: a passive power filter, a voltage-source pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converter and a series zero magnetic flux current transformer. The zero magnetic flux current transformer locating in series between the power supply and nonlinear loads presents low reactance to fundamental and high impedance to the harmonics automatically. And the harmonic voltage dropped on the zero magnetic flux current transformer can be detected in real time. The voltage-source PWM converter is controlled as a harmonic voltage source. Wherein, it is connected to the passive filters in series through an isolated transformer. Therefore the flow-in harmonic current will be less than before. The configuration, working principle and performance analysis of the designed hybrid active power filter are determined. The validity of the theory and excellent compensation characteristics are proved by an experimental prototype. The current distortion factor is decreased from 20.46% to 2.67% by using this hybrid active power filter.

Novel configuration for three-phase hybrid power filter

A novel configuration for the power converter of a three-phase hybrid power filter is proposed in this paper. This power converter uses only a two-arm bridge structure and a DC capacitor. The hybrid power filter is configured by the proposed power converter serially connected with a passive power filter set. The salient feature of this hybrid power filter is that it permits one of the power lines of the utility connected directly to the negative terminal of the DC capacitor located in the DC side of the power converter through the passive power filter set. Consequently, the power converter uses less number of power electronic switches to reduce the manufacturing cost. A three-phase prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the hybrid power filter using the proposed power converter. The experimental results show that the hybrid power filter using the proposed power converter can reach the expected performance.

A hybrid compensation system comprising hybrid power filter and AC power capacitor

In this paper, a hybrid compensation system for harmonic suppression and power factor correction is developed and analyzed. This compensation system consists of a hybrid power filter and an AC power capacitor. A small capacity power converter and a passive power filter is serially connected to have the function of hybrid power filter, and then the hybrid power filter is connected in parallel to the AC power capacitor to form a hybrid compensation system. The major function of the hybrid power filter is the harmonic suppression, and the AC power capacitor performs the power factor correction. Furthermore, a method, inserting an inductor in series with the AC power capacitor, is proposed in this paper for avoiding high frequency resonance amplification between the hybrid power filter and the AC power capacitor. To demonstrate the performance of this hybrid compensation system, a three-phase prototype is developed and tested. The tested results show that the insertion of an inductor in series with the AC power capacitor can prevent high frequency resonance amplification between the hybrid power filter and the AC power capacitor.

A simple control scheme for hybrid active power filter

A simple control scheme for hybrid active power filters connected in parallel is presented and analysed. The hybrid active power filter combines the compensation characteristics of resonant passive and active power filters. The series active power filter is implemented with a three-phase pluse-width modular (PWM) voltage-source inverter. The proposed scheme is able to compensate displacement power factor and current harmonics simultaneously. The combination of passive and active power filters allows a better performance compensation of high-power nonlinear loads. The proposed control scheme is discussed in terms of principles of operations under steady-state and transient conditions. The design and implementation of the power and control circuits are reported. Finally, key predicted results are verified experimentally on a 5 kVA prototype model.

Parallel operation of passive power filter and hybrid power filter for harmonic suppression

Harmonic pollution has been serious in recent years. Passive filters have been used to suppress harmonic current conventionally. However, passive power filters have the problem of resonance. To solve the resonance problem, active power filters and hybrid power filters were developed. After considering the power capacity and cost, the hybrid power filter is the better choice for the future. Many passive power filters have already been installed in the industry power systems. However, the elements of these passive power filters are often destroyed due to the resonance or the harmonic current injection of a neighbouring harmonic source. To improve the performance of passive power filters, a small capacity of hybrid power filter is proposed to connect in parallel with the existing passive power filters. In this paper, the combined power filter system, which contains the parallel operation of existing passive power filters and hybrid power filters, is analysed and simulated. The simulation results show that the filter performance and resonance problem of existing passive power filters can be improved by applying the hybrid power filter.

Hybrid filter application for power quality improvement

The passive power filter in power system applications has problems that source impedance and may strongly affect the filtering characteristics and cause system resonance. These disadvantages can be improved by introducing a combination of active and passive power filters with appropriate coordination in operations. Harmonics generating from nonlinear loads are characterized by varying frequency and fixed frequency components. The proposed idea applies the active and passive power filters for such characteristics. This provides good harmonic compensation over the entire operation range for dynamic nonlinear loads. In addition, this arrangement can suppress parallel and series resonances. In this paper, the operation and control strategy for proposed hybrid filter is analyzed and simulated.

95/06106 Flicker control using rule based modulated passive power filters

In this work we present a novel approach in order to improve the power system stability, by designing a coordinated structure composed of a power system stabilizer and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)-based damping controller. In the design approach various time delays and signal transmission delays owing to sensors are included. This is a coordinated design problem which is treated as an optimization problem. A new hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (hPSO–GSA) algorithm is used in order to find the controller parameters. The performance of single-machine infinite-bus power system as well as the multi-machine power systems are evaluated by applying the proposed hPSO–GSA based controllers (PSS and damping controller). Various results are shown here with different loading condition and system configuration over a wide range which will prove the robustness and effectiveness of the above design approach. From the results it can be observed that, the proposed hPSO–GSA based controller provides superior damping to the power system oscillation on a wide range of disturbances. Again from the simulation based results it can be concluded that, for a multi-machine power system, the modal oscillation which is very dangerous can be easily damped out with the above proposed approach.

Flicker control using rule based modulated passive power filters

Abstract The paper presents a novel modulated passive power filter scheme for nonlinear load bus voltage flicker control using an error-driven. error-scaled rule based controller for online voltage stabilization.

The Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) as an effective tool to evaluate active power filters for harmonic compensation

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) ‘Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems’ sets limits for the current and voltage harmonic distortions at the point of common coupling in order to maintain an acceptable quality of electric power in the presence of nonlinear loads. Both the utility and its customers share a common responsibility since enforcement of the above practice by the utility would require that the affected customer use a suitable harmonic mitigating method. To this effect, this paper demonstrates how the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) may be used to investigate two harmonic mitigating methods, namely, the use of shunt passive power filters and the combination of a series active (APF) and shunt passive (PPF) power filters. Both methods reduce the harmonic currents injected into the distribution system; however, the combination of the series APF and shunt PPFs has a better compensation characteristic with a higher capital cost than only shunt PPFs. Before a final decision is reached, the cost of the higher harmonic losses throughout the distribution system when using only shunt PPFs must be taken into account.