Passive Members Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF ADOLESCENT ATTITUDES ON KARANG TARUNA IN HANDLING PROBLEMS TOWARD ADOLESCENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT PERIOD

Adolescence is the most important development period for an individual, in fact, it is a period filled by changes and vulnerable to the emergence of the problems. Forum of Karang Taruna has a strategic role as a means of youth participation in an effort to make social adjustments so that they can deal with the problems encountered during life development. This research was conducted to gain a deep understanding and thorough about the influence of adolescent attitudes about the Karang Taruna on handling problems faced by youth in the development phase of their life. This research used a quantitative approach with a survey explanatory research population were teenagers aged 12 to 21 years. Measuring instrument research used a Likert scale. The technique of collecting data used questionnaires and documentation study. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Adolescent attitudes toward Karang Taruna have a significant effect on the involvement of adolescents in Karang Taruna activities. The amount of influence adolescent attitudes about the Karang Taruna on the involvement of adolescents in Karang Taruna amounted to 61.40%. The results also showed that the attitude of teenagers towards Karang Taruna has a significant influence on the Settlement of the problems faced by an adolescent in their life development through variable among adolescent involvement in Karang Taruna. The number of adolescent attitudes influences Karang Taruna through the involvement of adolescents in Karang Taruna on the handling of problems faced by an adolescent in the developmental period of their life amounted to 85.80%. Karang Taruna can be used as a means to develop the activity and creativity of adolescents in handling the problems encountered in the development phase of their life. However, there are six main problems faced by Karang Taruna including; (1) an inactive member; (2); a caretaker capacity in managing Karang Taruna; (3) there is no clear work programme; (4) The board of Karang Taruna inactivity; (5) the absence of funding sources; and (6) less variation in the activities of Karang Taruna that does not appeal to its members, especially for passive members.

Selecting active members to drive the mechanism displacement of tensegrities

Based on the quasi-static assumption, the mechanism motion of tensegrities driven by the length actuation of internal active members is discussed in this paper. The self-stress and mechanism characteristics of a tensegrity are guaranteed by maintaining the zero eigenvalues of the state matrix of each configuration on a kinematic path. The sensitivity matrix between the eigenvalues of the state matrix and the joint displacements is given, and it is shown that the displacement causes only second- and higher-order changes to the zero eigenvalues. A strategy is proposed to trace the shortest path of mechanism displacement towards the target configuration of the tensegrity. The moving direction of mechanism displacement that is closest to the direction from the current configuration to the target configuration and the deviation of this direction can be calculated based on arbitrary bases of the null and row spaces of the compatibility matrix. A method for quickly constructing the basis of the row space of the compatibility matrix consisting of passive members is put forward to rapidly calculate the deviation between the current direction of mechanism displacement and the direction towards the target configuration after an active member is converted into a passive one. When the number of active members is limited, a one-by-one exclusion method is proposed to select active members to minimize the direction deviation of mechanism displacement. A four-stage quadriprism tensegrity tower and an icosahedron tensegrity are employed as illustrative examples. The proposed method is used to select active members and trace the paths of mechanism displacements, and its validity is verified by the results.

El peso del apego y de la cultura en las estrategias de rompimiento amoroso percibidas por los abandonados

Dada la importancia que se confiere a las relaciones de pareja, su rompimiento generalmente repercute de manera negativa en la vida de sus miembros, sobre todo en quien es víctima de la decisión del otro —es decir, quien ejerce un papel pa- sivo—. Así, desde el punto de vista cultural, cuando se le atribuye a la relación de pareja un valor importante como fuente de realización personal y familiar, y ello se transmite a través de los miembros ¾lo que facilita el desarrollo de creencias, normas, actitudes y expectativas del amor¾, su búsqueda y consumación se vuelve una directriz en la vida de las personas. Adicional a esto, si el apego ¾que representa el medio por el cual se cubren las necesidades biológicas de afecto y seguri- dad— se ve satisfecho en la vinculación con el otro, puede que resulte devastador perder la fuente de tales satisfactores. Con base en lo anterior, el propósito de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre los estilos de apego y las premisas histórico-socioculturales (PHSC) del duelo romántico con las estrategias de rompimiento percibidas por los abandonados con historia romántica positiva o negativa. Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 547 personas residentes de la Ciudad de México que habían sido dejadas por su pareja. Tras realizar algunos análisis de correlación, los resultados indicaron que las PHSC tienen mayores efectos sobre la percepción de estrategias de rompimiento negativo tanto en per- sonas con historia romántica positiva como negativa. Los efectos incrementan cuando se trata de las PHSC sobre el sentir, principalmente en abandonados con historia negativa y con estilo de apego ansioso-ambivalente, seguido del evitativo. Por su parte, las PHSC positivas se asocian, pero en un nivel bajo, con cualquier estrategia percibida.

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON BALANCED SCORECARD FOR RURAL COOPERATIVE: THE CASE OF INDONESIA

This study is intended to identify the problems affecting the cooperative performance, and ultimately to formulate an applicable strategic plan to improve the cooperative performance. The results show that: (1) The cooperative performance is considered good from financial perspective, poor from customer's perspective, good from internal business processes perspective, and decent from learning and growth perspective. (2) The issues affecting the cooperative performance are: lack of employee's discipline due to the absence of attendance management system, large number of competitors, low capability of employees, declining number of members, many passive members, lack of members' loyalty, and untimely payment from partner companies for dairy sales. (3) The applicable strategies to improve the cooperative performance are: applying appropriate attendance management system, applying innovations in cooperative business, and improving employee productivity in generating income for village unit cooperative.

Performance improvement strategies based on balanced scorecard for rural cooperative: the case of Indonesia

This study is intended to identify the problems affecting the cooperative performance, and ultimately to formulate an applicable strategic plan to improve the cooperative performance. The results show that: (1) The cooperative performance is considered good from financial perspective, poor from customer's perspective, good from internal business processes perspective, and decent from learning and growth perspective. (2) The issues affecting the cooperative performance are: lack of employee's discipline due to the absence of attendance management system, large number of competitors, low capability of employees, declining number of members, many passive members, lack of members' loyalty, and untimely payment from partner companies for dairy sales. (3) The applicable strategies to improve the cooperative performance are: applying appropriate attendance management system, applying innovations in cooperative business, and improving employee productivity in generating income for village unit cooperative.

Bacteriophages: Uncharacterized and Dynamic Regulators of the Immune System.

The human gut is an extremely active immunological site interfacing with the densest microbial community known to colonize the human body, the gut microbiota. Despite tremendous advances in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota is involved in human health and interacts with the mammalian immune system, most studies are incomplete as they typically do not consider bacteriophages. These bacterial viruses are estimated to be as numerous as their bacterial hosts, with tremendous and mostly uncharacterized genetic diversity. In addition, bacteriophages are not passive members of the gut microbiota, as highlighted by the recent evidence for their active involvement in human health. Yet, how bacteriophages interact with their bacterial hosts and the immune system in the human gut remains poorly described. Here, we aim to fill this gap by providing an overview of bacteriophage communities in the gut during human development, detailing recent findings for their bacterial-mediated effects on the immune response and summarizing the latest evidence for direct interactions between them and the immune system. The dramatic increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has spurred a renewed interest in using bacteriophages for therapy, despite the many unknowns about bacteriophages in the human body. Going forward, more studies encompassing the communities of bacteria, bacteriophages, and the immune system in diverse health and disease settings will provide invaluable insight into this dynamic trio essential for human health.

PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI LEMBAR KERJA SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN OPEN ENDED SMP NEGERI 2 CEPER KLATEN

The purpose of this class action research is to (1) improve students' mathematics learning achievement through learning with the help of worksheet open ended approach in class VII F SMPN 2 Ceper, Ceper District, Klaten Regency 2017/2018 Academic Year. (2) Describe how to overcome the constraints of applying learning with the help of worksheet open ended approach to improve mathematics learning achievement of class VII F SMPN 2 Ceper. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded: (1) The application of the learning with the help of worksheet open ended approach can improve the learning achievement of grade VII F SMPN 2 Ceper, which is indicated by: students of class VII F as many as 32 students have increased learning achievement that is before action only 53.1% of students study completely, after the action becomes 100%. How to overcome constraints, namely the teacher must be skilled in applying learning with the help of worksheet open ended approach is: a) reviewing the concepts and basic competencies that students will learn, b) forming heterogeneous study groups both in terms of ability, gender, religion, tribes etc., c) prepare everything about learning as well as possible so that when learning runs smoothly, d) minimize the number of group members so that learning takes place effectively with no passive group members or playing alone during group discussions, e) giving gifts at the best group presentations.

The Constraints and Barriers for Loan Distribution by Financing Institutions to Cooperant Members

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the condition of cooperatives through the capital factor, human resources, managerial aspects, passive members and socialization, public awareness, spoilage, and economic democracy, which strongly influence the barriers and effectiveness of lending cooperatives in Indonesia. The dependent variables are the main constraints of cooperatives in lending, whereas the independent variables are capital, human resources, managerial aspects, passive members and socialization, public awareness, spoilage, and economic democracy. In this research, descriptive analysis and the structural equation modeling test are the data analysis techniques that were used to measure the research instruments. The research samples used in this study consist of 203 cooperative management institutions in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method. This study concludes that managerial factors, passive members and socialization, public awareness, lack of economic democracy, capitalization, and a lack of participation have a significant effect on the barriers and effectiveness of lending cooperatives.

Understanding the participation of passive members in online brand communities through the lens of psychological ownership theory

Abstract The presence of a large number of passive members in online brand communities has become a roadblock in the success of the community that can be overcome through their active participation in the online communities. In a bid to address the problem of passive members in virtual brand communities, the authors propose a conceptual framework depicting their participation. The conceptual model is grounded in psychological ownership theory portraying the drivers and outcomes of online brand community participation of passive members. A descriptive research design is adopted and the model is tested with data collected from 221 passive members through an online survey in India, with the help of multivariate analysis techniques. The results of the study reveal that a carefully instilled sense of individual psychological ownership and a sense of collective psychological ownership in the community can facilitate passive members' intention to participate in online brand communities. Passive members' participation can further stimulate their brand purchase intention and word-of-mouth about the community. The study contributes to the literature focusing on customer participation in online brand communities and offers important implications for the brand managers. It will permit them to optimize the potential of online communities by devising strategies to stimulate a sense of individual, as well as a collective sense of ownership to stimulate the participation of passive members.

Children’s Experiences of Settlement in the Processes of International Migration* – Koreyin Children in Gwangju Metropolitan City –

광주광역시 고려인 이주 아동은 일정 기간 가족 분거의 경험을 했으며, 한국 이주 후에는 가정·학교·일상생활을 중심으로 새로운 사회·문화적 환경에 적응해야 한다. 대부분의 고려인 이주 아동들은 부모와의 분거 및 자신의 한국으로의 이주 결정을 두고 부모와의 직접적인 협상과 타협의 대상으로 인정받지 못한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 이주 아동들은 가족의 국제이주 결정을 두고 슬픔, 실망, 주저함 등의 다양한 정서적 표현을 직·간접적으로 드러냄으로써 자신들의 행위성을 드러내고자 한 것으로 보인다. 고려인 아동들은 가정, 학교, 아동센터, 놀이 공간 등을 중심으로 반복되는 일상을 통해 현지 공간을 친숙한 장소로 전환시키는 적극적인 정착생활을 하면서, 다른 한편으로는 다양한 초국적 실천을 통해 본국과의 초국적 관계를 유지하고 있는 ‘초국적 이주자’에 해당한다. 고려인 아동들이 초국적 관계를 유지하는 것은 이들이 한국 정착생활에서 경험하는 체류 자격의 불안정성, 언어 딜레마 등에 대응하는 효과적인 전략의 하나로 기여하고 있는 것으로 보인다.The result of this research of Koryein children indicates that these children once used to be treated as passive members of Koryein families increasingly tend to be recognized as active agents, showing they create their identity and cultural meaning. This study clearly shows that children were generally excluded not only from the decision making, but also from having relevant information about their changing lives due to migration to Korea. However, this study argues that some of Koryein children asserted their wills by whining, nagging, complaining, and crying, when their opinions on family migration decision are not invited or respected. This research argues that while managing to make connections with new people and places in Korean society, maintaining transnational social and emotional connections with family members and kinfolks in their home country, seems to become an effective strategy for Koryein children to overcome some difficulties faced in their daily lives. It seems that transnational identity formation is an important process for the Koryein transmigrant children in Korea.

Are embedded employees active or passive? The roles of learning goal orientation and preferences for wide task boundaries and job mobility in the embeddedness–voice link

Does embedding employees in their organizations turn them into active organizational members who are increasingly interested in improvement, or passive members who increasingly lose interest in improvement? Addressing this embeddedness dilemma, this study aims to examine why and when perceived organizational embeddedness relates to the psychological orientation toward improvement that in turn relates to such improvement‐oriented behavior as voice. First, based on the future time perspective, we posit that increasingly embedded employees anticipate that their futures will be intertwined with that of their organizations, thereby motivating them to demonstrate increased learning goal orientation, which in turn promotes voice behavior. Second, this mediating relationship is less likely to occur for those who experience stronger increases in preferences for wide task boundaries and preferences for job mobility. Such preferences create a short‐term future time perspective in an employment relationship that is not aligned with the long‐term future time perspective inherent in increased embeddedness. Longitudinal data collected from 267 Italian employees over an eight‐month period provide empirical support for the proposed moderated mediation relationships.

Microglia: Driving critical periods and sexual differentiation of the brain.

The proverbial role of microglia during brain development is shifting from passive members of the brain's immune system to active participants that are able to dictate enduring outcomes. Despite these advances, little attention has been paid to one of the most critical components of early brain development-sexual differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests that the normal developmental functions microglia perform-cell number regulation and synaptic connectivity-may be involved in the sex-specific patterning of the brain during these early sensitive periods, and may have lasting sex-dependent and sex-independent effects on behavior. In this review, we outline the known functions of microglia during developmental sensitive periods, and highlight the role they play in the establishment of sex differences in brain and behavior. We also propose a framework for how researchers can incorporate microglia in their study of sex differences and vice versa. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 580-592, 2018.

One size fits all? Tailoring retirement plan defaults

Default investment options in retirement plans are a potent influence on member choice, however little is known about how plans set them. We investigate how retirement plan providers choose default investment strategies for passive members. We interview plan executives and survey members during a review of default settings in 2013-14 prompted by a change in the regulation of the Australian retirement system. Passive plan members are different from active members in ways that matter for investment strategy. Passive members are less willing to take financial risks; they are also younger, less wealthy and more often female. Executives say they design defaults with passive members in mind, but they seem to overlook some key factors. For example, plan executives set high risk exposure in default investment strategies. Executives also assume motivations for defaulting that do not match those reported by members. Most plan executives think of passive members as uninterested in their retirement savings but passive members say they trust their plans, and lack skill rather than interest. The heterogeneity, trust and low skill of passive members make opting out of the default less likely and smart defaults more appealing.

The New Student Activism

It is seemingly accepted that students have become passive members of civil society. Today's youth are comparatively disillusioned with their baby boomer parents' activist idealism, and have, therefore, sought a more personalized way to engage with the world: development projects. Students are in the unique circumstance of being bound to no dependents or income, which is quite an apt circumstance for activism of any type. Furthermore, students typically possess a desire to, at least, “find themselves” and at best,“change the world,” both of which are states of mind that make student development work specifically opportune. Since project‐based international development has taken a turn for the popular, it has become trendy for students to build schools, teach about HIV/AIDS, and install plumbing systems in the Global South. However, few of these initiatives appear to be informed by individual cultures and circumstances of living. Considering students are in an optimal life circumstance, it must be questioned what the best way might be to direct this unique position in order to instigate meaningful social change. Considering that students are at the apex of their educations, it is more appropriate and beneficial to have students live, experience and participate in communities in the Global South in order to truly understand the problems at hand and to recognize the priorities of varying communities and subsequently before advising policy‐makers. Positive change must be made at a halfway point between informed governmental policy and grassroots organizational empowerment, but change cannot and will not happen until information is generated from on‐the‐ground experience, and until our best resources are encouraged to learn before they take action.

Exploring linkages between research, policy and practice in the Netherlands: perspectives on sexual and reproductive health and rights knowledge flows

BackgroundThe attention to and demand for stronger linkages between research, policy and practice are increasing, especially in fields concerned with sensitive and challenging issues such as sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The study described in this article was conducted in the Netherlands among actors working in international development, especially the domain of SRHR. It explores the perceived flow of knowledge between research, policy and practice, the perceived impeding factors, and suggested strategies for improvement.MethodsA narrative literature review was performed and 28 key informants were interviewed between May and August 2015. Most interviewees were either active or passive members of Share-Net Netherlands, an SRHR knowledge platform. All interviews, which lasted 70 minutes on average, were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded in MAXQDA.ResultsLinkages between research, policy and practice are many and diffuse. The demands for and supplies of knowledge within and across the fields vary and do not always match, which is shown by participants’ research purposes and approaches. Participants identified various barriers to strengthening knowledge flows, including a lack of familiarity with practices in other fields, power relations and the undervaluation of tacit knowledge. They suggested a more visible and concrete demand for and supply of knowledge, the development of a joint knowledge agenda, more opportunities for the interdisciplinary creation of knowledge, and the development of a system for learning and sharing knowledge.ConclusionThis study shows the willingness to undertake, and the perceived advantages of, interdisciplinary dialogues and joint creation of knowledge to advance SRHR research, policies and practices. Whereas barriers to the flow of knowledge may maintain present understandings of knowledge and of whose knowledge is valid, enabling factors, such as interactions between research, policy and practice in knowledge-sharing activities, may challenge such perceptions and create an enabling environment for generating innovative knowledge and increasing knowledge use. Knowledge platforms are recommended to place more emphasis on sharing and documenting tacit knowledge through interdisciplinary dialogues, to address power relations and to set criteria for interdisciplinary funding.

Customer Co-Creation: A Value Creation Perspective

Forces like globalization, deregulation, convergence of technology and evolution of success have shaped the international markets extensively and made a large number of product and service choices readily available to the consumer across boundaries. However, with these forces coming into play, an average consumer is not satisfied with the consumption of the products offered to him. Today, Consumers are more aware and actively search for information to make more informed purchase decisions. Web 2.0 has revolutionized consumer interaction with available products and services and lead to consumer empowerment. With Consumer empowerment, comes the contemporary view of the value creation process; consumers are no longer passive members of a value creation process, they participate proactively with the company to create value. Consumer Co-creation has transformed today’s market from a firm-centric perspective to a consumer-centric perspective, where the consumer has evolved as a competence. Customer Co-creation has become the driving reason for success, our research delves into exemplars to display the impact Customer Co-creation has on the company.

Interpreting Social Identity in Online Brand Communities: Considering Posters and Lurkers

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the psychological effects of social identity on both posters and lurkers in online brand communities (OBCs). The results reveal the intermediate mechanisms mediating and moderating members’ social identity effects on members’ brand commitment, leading to positive word‐of‐mouth and their resistance to negative information about the brand. This article treats social identity as a multidimensional construct. Differences between posters and lurkers on the relationships among the cognitive, affective, and evaluative components of social identity are investigated along with their positive effect on brand commitment and behavioral consequences. Using a sample of 752 OBC members, both posters and lurkers emerge as valuable members and equally likely to derive social identity from their membership of an OBC. However, there are counterintuitive results for relationships within the research model between active and passive members of OBCs. These results offer implications for theory and can help managers to be better interactive marketers.

The Values of Virtual Brand Community Engagement of Facebook Brand Page

Findings from both virtual brand community (VBC) behaviors provided a good reference, which informs a strategic direction to boost brand performance. The results examined different motives, which were likely to promote VBC participation, and were extended to the degree of VBC engagement. Both passive and active engagement results varied across community types, yet they both created significant brand loyalty and satisfaction providing theoretical and managerial implication into branding literature. The findings from this study offered interesting attention toward the two adopted online engagement behaviors. Passive participation is partially contributed to providing marketing managers a general overview about the nature of lurkers, while active participants have the potential power to convert passive members into the active ones.

Teaching Communicative English Language in Non-Native Contexts using Simulations

After graduation, students find themselves confronted with the challenges of the world. These demanding situations expect from students to be proficient enough to be able to cope with them in an intellectually mature way. Trying to recall what they have learnt at school, all what students can think of is how they used to be regarded as passive members in the classroom, which was shaped by the all-time-dominance of the instructor, thus ending up feeling unprepared to face life regardless of the years spent at school and university. Currently, there is a paradigm shift in the roles of both teachers and students. The backbone of the new methodology of teaching is based on a shift from the traditional teacher-centered classroom to the modern student-centered mediums, where the student takes control of the approach while the teacher oversees the flow of the process. In this modern methodology, the student, as an individual learner, is handed the responsibility of self-learning and self-instruction where he/she is ought to explore, indirectly, his attitudes and values. My paper explores, in detail, the theoretical and empirical dimensions of “simulations” which is one of the basic learning activities in communicative English courses.

The Payoffs of Organizational Membership for Political Activism in Established Democracies

This article contributes to long-standing debates about the influence of voluntary association membership on political participation by drawing on recent advances in counterfactual analysis. Propensity score matching methods are used to assess the effects of different forms of membership (active and passive) in distinct organizational forms (civic and political) on political activism, taking selection bias into account. Results demonstrate that organizational membership increases levels of nonconventional political action—for active and passive members in both political and civic groups. The “participatory dividend” is highest for members of political organizations, but there is also support for the argument that membership in civic organizations enhances political activism, net of selection. Focusing only on the subset of joiners, however, suggests that the distinction between active and passive membership is less pronounced than skeptics of such symbolic affiliation have argued.