Passive Coping Strategies Research Articles

Current status and factors associated with sexual harassment among operating room nurses: a multi-center cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual harassment among operating room nurses, and to analyze the influencing factors. Sexual harassment in the healthcare field has a high incidence and nurses are the main victims; sexual harassment not only leads to physical and mental problems, but also undermines nurses' performance and affects the quality of medical care. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey to investigate the sexual harassment experiences of 483 operating room nurses. The survey included demographic information, personality traits (Ten-Item Personality Inventory), sexual harassment experiences (Workplace Sexual Harassment Questionnaire), negative consequences, coping strategies, and social support status. 63% of operating room nurses experienced sexual harassment in the past 12 months, with gender harassment predominating (56.7%), followed by unwanted sexual attention (28.6%) and sexual coercion (13.6%). Surgeons (81.20%) and married ones (66.7%) were the most common perpetrators. Most victims possess limited knowledge regarding sexual harassment laws and exhibit weak awareness of their rights protection. 47.8% remained silent after being sexually harassed; most of nurse employed passive coping strategies. Sexual harassment had the most prominent impact on the work of operating room nurses, mainly in the form of decreased work quality and efficiency (87.3%), as well as decreased work engagement (77.0%) and negative workplace pressure experience (72.2%); emotional disturbances, such as anxiety (76.6%), stigma (71.8%), and fear (71.5%); and was accompanied by sleep disorders (74.9%), headaches (56.0%) and nausea and vomiting (54.3%); as well as reduced trust in the opposite sex (83.8%) and disruption of family life (82.1%).Only 39.2% of the hospitals had sexual harassment reporting channels or methods, 30.7% had departments to deal with sexual harassment in the workplace, and 46.8% had communication discussions about psychological safety after sexual harassment. Personality traits, drinking behaviour, age, marriage, and social support were associated with sexual harassment behavior in the operating room. The high incidence of sexual harassment in the operating room affects nurses' productivity and physical and mental health. Operating room nurses had insufficient legal knowledge about sexual harassment and lacked hospital organizational support. agreeableness and openness personality traits, alcohol consumption, age, being married, and lack of social support were influential factors of sexual harassment in the operating room. Healthcare organizations should encourage reporting, care for victims, and join with the police department, judiciary, and women's federation to develop reporting procedures and training programs on sexual harassment knowledge to create a safe and comfortable professional environment.

Three-year trajectories and associated factors of fear of cancer recurrence in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: a longitudinal study.

Limited data exists on the long-term course of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. One in five patients was found to experience persistent high FCR in the first months after diagnosis. This study assessed the 3-year trajectories and associated factors of FCR in newly diagnosed HNC patients. Six hundred twenty-one patients from the NETherlands Quality of life and Biomedical Cohort study (NET-QUBIC) completed the FCR assessment at baseline, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-months posttreatment. Trajectories of FCR were identified using latent class growth analysis. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between FCR trajectories and baseline demographic and medical variables, personality, and coping. Three FCR trajectories were identified: "consistently high" (n = 45, 7%), "elevated and declining" (n = 209, 34%), and "low and declining" (n = 367, 59%). Patients in the "elevated and declining" and "consistently high" trajectory were younger, had more comorbidities, higher negative adjustment, a higher level of neuroticism, more social support seeking, and more reliance on passive and palliative coping strategies. Three years following diagnosis, the majority of HNC patients showed a resilient FCR trajectory whereas a small percentage of HNC patients (7%) showed persistent high FCR over time. Younger patients and those with a higher level of neuroticism or maladaptive coping strategies were more vulnerable to have a consistent high level of FCR over time. It is important to identify these patients to provide optimal and tailored psychosocial support.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВУ КОПІНГ-СТРАТЕГІЙ СТУДЕНТІВ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ СТРЕСОСТІЙКОСТІ

Ukrainian society and every Ukrainian family is currently experiencing social and psychological difficulties as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. All this creates a significant number of stressors for the population. Martial law, hostilities, forced changes in living conditions, and constant stress cause people to experience difficulties in maintaining psychological comfort. Therefore, the problem of optimal choice of coping strategies, especially by students, is becoming particularly relevant. The article deals with the issue of individual's choice of behaviour coping strategies. The special significance of the formation and development of this phenomenon in the participants of the educational process of a higher education institution is emphasized. In particular, the emphasis is placed on the difficulties that students are currently facing, namely the consequences of quarantine restrictions, a sense of isolation, internal discomfort and general psycho-emotional stress caused by the martial law in our country. The article focuses on coping strategies as a subconscious means of psychological defence that shapes human behaviour in certain conditions. A theoretical analysis is carried out and meanings of the following concepts are indicated: «coping», «coping strategy», «coping behaviour» and «coping resources», as well as an analysis of the peculiarities of making behavioural choices in certain conditions. The main strategies of behaviour in a stressful situation and the main approaches to the study of coping behaviour and behavioural strategies are analysed. The article reflects empirical indicators of the ratio of dominant coping strategies at different levels of stress resistance. A correlation between the level of stress resistance and coping strategies has been established: with a low level of stress resistance, passive coping strategy dominates; in the presence of a high level - active coping strategies.

Accumbal Dopamine Responses Are Distinct between Female Rats with Active and Passive Coping Strategies.

There is a gap in existing knowledge of stress-triggered neurochemical and behavioral adaptations in females. This study was designed to explore the short-term consequences of a single social defeat (SD) on accumbal dopamine (DA) dynamics and related behaviors in female Wistar rats. During the SD procedure, rats demonstrated different stress-handling strategies, which were defined as active and passive coping. The "active" subjects expressed a significantly higher level of activity directed toward handling stress experience, while the "passive" ones showed an escalated freezing pattern. Remarkably, these opposite behavioral manifestations were negatively correlated. Twenty-four hours following the SD exposure, decreased immobility latency in the Porsolt test and cognitive augmentation in the new object recognition evaluation were evident, along with an increase in electrically evoked mesolimbic DA release in passive coping rats. Rats exhibiting an active pattern of responses showed insignificant changes in immobility and cognitive performance as well as in evoked mesolimbic DA response. Furthermore, the dynamics of the decline and recovery of DA efflux under the depletion protocol were significantly altered in the passive but not active female rats. Taken together, these data suggest that female rats with a passive coping strategy are more susceptible to developing behavioral and neurochemical alterations within 24 h after stress exposure. This observation may represent both maladaptive and protective responses of an organism on a short timescale.

Pre-operative environmental enrichment does not yield a prophylactic effect against traumatic brain injury-induced neurobehavioral deficits

The robustness of environmental enrichment (EE) in ameliorating neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unequivocal. What is equivocal is whether EE can function as a prophylactic to afford resiliency and neuroprotection against TBI. We hypothesized that pre-operative EE would yield a protective effect against TBI-induced motor, cognitive, and coping deficits, and that further improvements would be conferred when EE is provided before and after TBI. To test the hypotheses, adult male rats received either 4 weeks of EE or standard (STD) housing prior to undergoing a controlled cortical impact of moderate severity (2.8 mm deformation at 4 m/s) or sham injury while under anesthesia. After injury, the rats were randomly assigned to post-operative EE or STD housing. Motor ability, spatial learning, and memory retention were assessed by beam-walk and water maze tests, respectively. Active and passive behavioral coping strategies were evaluated with the shock probe defensive burying (SPDB) test. c-Fos and cortical lesion volume were also quantified. The post-TBI enrichment groups (EE + TBI + EE and STD + TBI + EE) did not differ (p > 0.05) and performed better than the post-TBI STD-housed groups (EE + TBI + STD and STD + TBI + STD) on motor and cognition (p < 0.05). The post-TBI STD groups did not differ, regardless of whether in EE or STD living conditions before injury (p > 0.05). Moreover, both post-TBI enrichment groups performed better in the SPDB test relative to the STD + TBI + STD group (p < 0.05). c-Fos + cells were upregulated in the ipsilateral CA1 in both pre-injury EE groups relative to the pre-injury STD groups (p < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in cortical lesion volume among the groups. Overall, these data do not support the hypothesis as no neuroprotective effect was observed with 4 weeks of pre-operative EE and no additional benefit was achieved in the TBI group receiving both pre-and-post EE relative to the TBI group receiving only post-EE. However, the data do reinforce the consistency of post-TBI EE in producing robust neurobehavioral benefits, which further supports this paradigm as a relevant preclinical model of neurorehabilitation.

A Prefrontal→Periaqueductal Gray Pathway Differentially Engages Autonomic, Hormonal, and Behavioral Features of the Stress-Coping Response.

The activation of autonomic and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems occurs interdependently with behavioral adjustments under varying environmental demands. Nevertheless, laboratory rodent studies examining the neural bases of stress responses have generally attributed increments in these systems to be monolithic, regardless of whether an active or passive coping strategy is employed. Using the shock probe defensive burying test (SPDB) to measure stress-coping features naturalistically in male and female rats, we identify a neural pathway whereby activity changes may promote distinctive response patterns of hemodynamic and HPA indices typifying active and passive coping phenotypes. Optogenetic excitation of the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) input to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) decreased passive behavior (immobility), attenuated the glucocorticoid hormone response, but did not prevent arterial pressure and heart rate increases associated with rats' active behavioral (defensive burying) engagement during the SPDB. In contrast, inhibition of the same pathway increased behavioral immobility and attenuated hemodynamic output but did not affect glucocorticoid increases. Further analyses confirmed that hemodynamic increments occurred preferentially during active behaviors and decrements during immobility epochs, whereas pathway manipulations, regardless of the directionality of effect, weakened these correlational relationships. Finally, neuroanatomical evidence indicated that the influence of the rostral mPFC→vlPAG pathway on coping response patterns is mediated predominantly through GABAergic neurons within vlPAG. These data highlight the importance of this prefrontal→midbrain connection in organizing stress-coping responses and in coordinating bodily systems with behavioral output for adaptation to aversive experiences.

Investigating the interplay of chronic pain intensity and psychosocial factors in adult women: A pilot study from Türkiye

In this cross-sectional study, the authors investigated the relationships between chronic pain intensity and quality of life, pain coping strategies, and pain beliefs levels in 405 adult women. The participants with a mean age of 48.8 ± 5.08 generally defined chronic pain intensity as moderate pain (x̅=7.17, sd = 2.01). There was a weak positive relationship between chronic pain intensity and the worrying dimension, one of the passive coping strategies, and a weak negative relationship with the retreating dimension. A weak negative relationship was identified between chronic pain intensity and pain beliefs levels, both organic beliefs and psychological beliefs sub-dimensions. The multivariate model identified by regression analysis explained 21.2% of the total chronic pain intensity variance. Our findings suggest that while chronic pain is undoubtedly a complex and multifaceted experience, understanding the psychosocial aspects of a person's life can shed valuable light on their pain levels and how they cope with them.

Coping strategies and symptoms of Adjustment Disorder among adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The current study examined whether coping strategies and symptoms of Adjustment Disorder in adults with ADHD differed from what was observed in the general adult population during the Covid-19 pandemic, and compared the extent to which coping strategies and symptom levels of Adjustment Disorder were related to ADHD. This cross-sectional study was based on survey data collected during the spring of 2021 from 231 adult ADHD patients in specialist care and 1148 volunteers without ADHD in Sweden. The survey included questions about sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, along with the Brief-COPE and Adjustment Disorder-New Module 8 questionnaires. Regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were used for between-group comparisons of coping strategies and symptoms of Adjustment Disorder. There were some notable differences in the use of coping strategies between persons with and without ADHD; however, many of these differences were not observed in the adjusted models. The use of behavioral disengagement was more frequently observed among individuals with ADHD, whereas planning was more common among individuals without ADHD. Individuals with ADHD appeared to show higher symptom levels of Adjustment Disorder during the pandemic. Passive coping strategies, such as denial, self-blame, and behavioral disengagement, were associated with higher symptom levels of adjustment disorder in both individuals with and without ADHD. In conclusion, the results highlight that persons with ADHD may need more support to adjust to large societal changes than the general public. Potential targets for intervention towards members of this group include reducing resignation and maladaptive coping strategies.

We are not a virus: repercussions of anti-Asian online hate during the COVID-19 pandemic on identity and coping strategies of Asian-heritage individuals

ABSTRACT Current scholarship has identified online hate speech as one of the main threats in digital spaces, leading to an ever-heightened marginalization of ethnic minorities. The COVID-19 pandemic has given racist expressions of hate a new momentum, directed particularly at Asian-heritage individuals who were scapegoated as the originators of the virus. This study explores the repercussions of this for Asian-heritage individuals living in Europe, specifically their (1) identity and (2) coping strategies. Using semi-structured interviews with N = 14 Asian-heritage individuals, the study shows how this group was hatefully othered online, with severe consequences for its members’ sense of hybrid belonging and ethnic identity. Initial defense attempts were muted, and individuals surrendered to passive coping strategies, withdrawing from mainstream discourse. The study shows how identity and coping were inextricably intertwined. Taking this case as an example for minority victimization during crises, we discuss potential empowerment perspectives for ethnic minority individuals.

Glutamatergic supramammillary nucleus neurons respond to threatening stressors and promote active coping

Threat-response neural circuits are conserved across species and play roles in normal behavior and psychiatric diseases. Maladaptive changes in these neural circuits contribute to stress, mood, and anxiety disorders. Active coping in response to stressors is a psychosocial factor associated with resilience against stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry underlying active coping is poorly understood, but the functioning of these circuits could be key for overcoming anxiety and related disorders. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) has been suggested to be engaged by threat. SuM has many projections and a poorly understood diversity of neural populations. In studies using mice, we identified a unique population of glutamatergic SuM neurons (SuMVGLUT2+::POA) based on projection to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and found SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons have extensive arborizations. SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons project to brain areas that mediate features of the stress and threat responses including the paraventricular nucleus thalamus (PVT), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and habenula (Hb). Thus, SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are positioned as a hub, connecting to areas implicated in regulating stress responses. Here we report SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are recruited by diverse threatening stressors, and recruitment correlated with active coping behaviors. We found that selective photoactivation of the SuMVGLUT2+::POA population drove aversion but not anxiety like behaviors. Activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons in the absence of acute stressors evoked active coping like behaviors and drove instrumental behavior. Also, activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons was sufficient to convert passive coping strategies to active behaviors during acute stress. In contrast, we found activation of GABAergic (VGAT+) SuM neurons (SuMVGAT+) neurons did not alter drive aversion or active coping, but termination of photostimulation was followed by increased mobility in the forced swim test. These findings establish a new node in stress response circuitry that has projections to many brain areas and evokes flexible active coping behaviors.

Glutamatergic supramammillary nucleus neurons respond to threatening stressors and promote active coping.

Threat-response neural circuits are conserved across species and play roles in normal behavior and psychiatric diseases. Maladaptive changes in these neural circuits contribute to stress, mood, and anxiety disorders. Active coping in response to stressors is a psychosocial factor associated with resilience against stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry underlying active coping is poorly understood, but the functioning of these circuits could be key for overcoming anxiety and related disorders. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) has been suggested to be engaged by threat. SuM has many projections and a poorly understood diversity of neural populations. In studies using mice, we identified a unique population of glutamatergic SuM neurons (SuMVGLUT2+::POA) based on projection to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and found SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons have extensive arborizations. SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons project to brain areas that mediate features of the stress and threat responses including the paraventricular nucleus thalamus (PVT), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and habenula (Hb). Thus, SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are positioned as a hub, connecting to areas implicated in regulating stress responses. Here we report SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are recruited by diverse threatening stressors, and recruitment correlated with active coping behaviors. We found that selective photoactivation of the SuMVGLUT2+::POA population drove aversion but not anxiety like behaviors. Activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons in the absence of acute stressors evoked active coping like behaviors and drove instrumental behavior. Also, activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons was sufficient to convert passive coping strategies to active behaviors during acute stress. In contrast, we found activation of GABAergic (VGAT+) SuM neurons (SuMVGAT+) neurons did not alter drive aversion or active coping, but termination of photostimulation was followed by increased mobility in the forced swim test. These findings establish a new node in stress response circuitry that has projections to many brain areas and evokes flexible active coping behaviors.

Higher levels of physical activity are associated with less evasive coping, better physical function and quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

To evaluate daily physical activity (PA) in relation to psychosocial factors, such as anxiety, depression and different types of coping strategies, as well as patient- and disease-related factors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Consecutive outpatients from the Groningen Leeuwarden AxSpA (GLAS) cohort completed the modified Short Questionnaire to assess health-enhancing PA (mSQUASH), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Coping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaires, as well as standardized patient- and disease-related assessments. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses and comparison of lowest and highest PA tertiles were performed to explore associations between the HADS, CORS, patient- and disease-related factors and PA. In total, 84 axSpA patients were included; 60% male, mean age 49 (SD ±14) years, median symptom duration 20 (25th-75th percentiles: 12-31) years, mean ASDAS 2.1 (±1.0). Higher PA levels were significantly associated with better scores on patient-reported disease activity (BASDAI), physical function (BASFI) and quality of life (ASQoL). Furthermore, higher levels of PA were associated with less impact of axSpA on wellbeing and lower HADS depression scores. In the multivariable linear regression model, less use of the coping strategy 'decreasing activities' (β: -376.4; p 0.003) and lower BMI (β:-235.5; p: 0.030) were independently associated with higher level of PA. Comparison of patients from the lowest and highest PA tertiles showed results similar to those found in the regression analyses. In this cohort of axSpA patients, higher levels of daily PA were associated with better patient-reported outcomes and lower depression scores. Additionally, the passive coping strategy "decreasing activities" and lifestyle factor BMI were independently associated with PA. Besides anti-inflammatory treatment, coping strategies and lifestyle should be taken into account in the management of individual axSpA patients. Incorporating these aspects into patient education could increase patient awareness and self-efficacy. In the future, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the complex relationship between patient-, disease- and psychosocial factors associated with daily PA.

Exploring the impact of the mentoring new nurses for transition and empowerment program led by clinical nurse educators in South Korea: A mixed-methods study

Background“New nurses” are those with less than a year of work experience at a hospital. To address the challenges of new nurses caused by their limited experience, the Mentoring New Nurses for Transition and Empowerment Program (MNTEP) was designed based on the Stress-Appraisal-Coping Model of Lazarus and Folkman. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the impact of the MNTEP, in which clinical nurse educators teach stress-coping strategies, on the clinical transition of new nurses in South Korea. DesignThis study used a mixed-methods design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison group and focus group interviews (FGIs). SettingsThe research was conducted at a hospital in South Korea. ParticipantsThe intervention and comparison groups comprised 30 and 28 new nurses, respectively. Also, 12 MNTEP participants were subjected to three separate FGIs. MethodsTo comprehensively assess the program's effects, quantitative data were collected through self-report surveys, while qualitative data were obtained from March 2022 to March 2023 using semi-structured interviews that allowed for open-ended responses. ResultsThere were significant differences in mean self-efficacy scores (t = 2.45, p = 0.017) and perceived social support from clinical nurse educators (F = 4.51, p = 0.038) between the intervention and comparison groups. Additionally, significant changes were observed in the field adaptation pre-test and post-test scores within the intervention group (t = −3.12, p = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of active and passive coping strategies. FGIs yielded two main themes: (1) gaining positive energy through empowerment and solidarity; and (2) clinical nurse educators sharing strategies for improved role adaptation and capacity building. ConclusionsMNTEP led by clinical nurse educators positively influenced new nurses' self-efficacy and facilitated their transition to clinical settings. These findings underscore the importance of mentorship programs and clinical nurse educators.

Exploring coping strategies among caregivers of children who have survived paediatric cancer in Jordan

ObjectiveTo explore the coping strategies of caregivers of children who have survived paediatric cancer in Jordan.Materials and methodsThis study used a cross-sectional survey design and convenient sampling. The sample included...

Mediating effect of coping dispositions on the association between trauma and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two gastrointestinal (GI) conditions known to be exacerbated by traumatic life experiences. One way in which these experiences might influence individuals' susceptibility to GI pathology, is by reducing their ability to deal with adversities effectively and predisposing them to passive coping styles that leave them vulnerable to the somatic effects of trauma. To validate this hypothesis, the present cross-sectional study assessed the mediating effect of coping dispositions on the association between trauma and GI disease activity in an adult sample of 189 bowel patients (94 IBD, 95 IBS) and 92 controls. Results confirmed that GI patients exhibit significantly more cumulative trauma, pervasive feelings of uncontrollability and passive coping strategies than controls. Moreover, the use of passive coping styles was positively associated with the accumulation of trauma and the expression of GI symptoms. Using hierarchical regression and mediation analyses, we found support for the sequential model postulating passive coping styles as (partial) mediators of trauma-induced (GI) disease manifestations. Specifically, out of all coping styles associated with cumulative trauma, behavioural disengagement most powerfully mediated the effect of trauma on GI symptom severity, accounting for 12% (IBD) to 14% (IBS) of its total effect. A somewhat smaller mediating role was observed for social support coping, the reduced reliance on which explained 7% (IBS) to 10% (IBD) of trauma's total effect. Finally, neuroticism acted as a channel through which past traumatization affected subjects' proneness to behavioural disengagement and, consequently, their GI disease activity.

General Self-Efficacy Associations with Personality and Motivation: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Polish New General Self-Efficacy Scale

This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Polish version of the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE). In four different samples (N = 1,837), adult respondents completed the Polish version of NGSE (NGSEpl) in combination with questionnaires assessing personality, motivation, and behavioral tendencies. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit for the one-factor structure. Cronbach's alpha was above .87 in all samples, and the stability of the scale was .68. Measurement invariance of NGSEpl calculated for different age groups confirmed that the scale measures the same construct in both samples. NGSEpl scores were positively related to the frequency of active coping strategies, mastery-goal orientation, and Big Five model traits and negatively to passive coping strategies. Results supported the reliability, stability, and validity of the NGSEpl.

Physical Activity Avoidance During Menstruation—The Role of Coping and Self-Efficacy

The aim of the present study was to investigate self-efficacy and coping strategies in women who avoided physical activity during menstruation (avoiders), adapted their physical activity during menstruation (adaptors), or maintained their normal physical activity during menstruation (nonavoiders). Using an online survey which included sections on menstrual severity, menstrual attitude (menstrual self-evaluation questionnaire), coping (the premenstrual coping measure and the coping inventory for stressful situations), and self-efficacy for exercise, 349 respondents were classified as avoiders (40.7%), adapters (33.5%), and non-avoiders (25.8%). Avoiders and adapters had similar menstrual symptoms, with menstrual flow and menstrual pain being greater in avoiders than non-avoiders (p &lt; .001). The positive elements of menstrual attitude were lower in avoiders compared with nonavoiders (p &lt; .05). Avoiders had lower task-focused coping strategies (p &lt; .05), with premenstrual coping showing avoiders to have higher self-care and adjusting energy coping strategies (all p &lt; .01). Compared with nonavoiders and adapters, avoiders had lower self-efficacy for exercise (p &lt; .001). During menstruation, avoiders of physical activity do so with more severe and frequent menstrual symptoms, a less positive attitude to menstruation, more passive and avoidance coping strategies, and with lower self-efficacy than non-avoiders. Despite presenting with similar menstrual symptoms to avoiders, adapters continue to exercise during menstruation, underpinned by a higher self-efficacy for exercise. Taken together, these findings suggest that self-efficacy and coping strategies may act as important factors for physical activity avoidance during menstruation.

Preference of Coping Strategies during Stressful Situations among General People

The sensation of being overburdened, anxious, or exhausted is a common description of stress. People of all ages, genders, and circumstances can be impacted by stress, which can result in problems with their physical and mental health. At times, a little stress can be good for you. Extreme stress, however, can have negative effects on the immunological, cardiovascular, neuro-endocrine, and central neurological systems. Extreme stress can also have a devastating emotional impact. Minor episodes of stress can be managed by using one's body's inherent defenses to adjust to shifting circumstances, but persistent, excessive stress that lasts for a lengthy period of time can be physically and psychologically crippling. Coping can be defined as those thoughts and actions which we deal with a threatening situation. Coping strategies can be of various types, among which most common types are: Problem focused coping strategy, Seeking Social support coping strategy, Passive acceptance coping strategy, Avoidance coping strategy, Religious Coping strategy and Emotion focused coping strategy. This study was based on survey method technique from few sites of Kathmandu valley. Data is in quantitative nature. The questionnaire of socio-demographic variables and coping strategy was distributed among 302 participants for quantitative data. People were selected conveniently during this study. Coping check list developed by Rao, Subbakrishna and Prabhu was used for this study. In this research it was found that, for preference of type of coping strategy by total number of respondents, problem focused coping strategy had the maximum score whereas religious coping strategy had its minimum score.

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its relationship with coping strategies among flood victims: Evidence from Iran

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and highly debilitating mental disorder that often occurs following accidents and natural disasters. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD among flood victims in Lorestan, Iran and examine its relationship with coping strategies. MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study included 470 flood victims in Lorestan, Iran within the first year after the flood in 2019. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research utilized the PTSD checklist and coping strategies questionnaire as data collection instruments. Data analysis involved independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 0.05, using SPSS software version 22. ResultsThe prevalence of PTSD among flood victims in Lorestan, Iran was found to be 12.8 %. Women, individuals over 35 years old, those with an education level below high school, married individuals, and people with low income exhibited higher PTSD prevalence and average total coping strategies scores. Passive coping strategies (r = 0.267, p < 0.001), social coping strategies (r = 0.148, p = 0.004), and the overall coping score (r = 0.153, p = 0.003) demonstrated a direct and significant correlation with the average PTSD score. ConclusionThis study highlights the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood survivors, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, women, and those with low socio-economic status. To enhance post-disaster adaptation, support organizations should implement various strategies including resilience-building, mental health awareness campaigns, and improved access to healthcare services. Effective screening and promoting positive coping strategies are crucial for supporting survivors' psychological well-being.

Does the disposition of passive coping mediate the association between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with spinal cord injury during first inpatient rehabilitation?

Purpose To examine associations between illness perception, also called illness cognitions or appraisals, disposition of passive coping, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to test whether passive coping mediates the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Materials and methods Longitudinal, multicentre study. Participants were inpatients of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. Measures included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Utrecht Coping List passive coping subscale (UCL-P), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Mediation was tested with the PROCESS tool. Results The questionnaires were completed by 121 participants at admission and at discharge. Of them, 70% were male, 58% had a paraplegia, and 82% an incomplete lesion. Weak to strong (0.294–0.650) significant associations were found between each pair of study variables. The use of passive coping strategies mediated the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusion Symptoms of anxiety and depression were more frequent in people who have a threatening illness perception combined with a lower use of passive coping strategies. Therefore, it is advised that patients are screened and treated for threatening illness perception and high use of passive coping strategies during rehabilitation after SCI.