Passive-aggressive Research Articles

Detection of Hoax News Using TF-IDF Vectorizer and Multinomial Naïve Bayes and Passive Aggressive

Detection of Hoax News Using TF-IDF Vectorizer and Multinomial Naïve Bayes and Passive Aggressive

Passive Aggressive Vocabulary

This article provides a description, definition, and some research data on passive-aggressive personality structure, as well as practical recommendations and methods for working with such clients. The article outlines the main features of passive aggression and its implications for personality adaptation. It also offers practical recommendations for therapists, including techniques for working with clients, intervention strategies, and approaches to working with clients exhibiting a high degree of passive-aggressive defenses. The article introduces the “Dictionary of Passive Aggression”, formulated by practicing psychologists who participated in the practical course for psychologists “Therapeutic Skills” with Irina Pingareva (psychoanalyst, Certified Transactional Analyst of the European Registry CTA-P-EATA, body-oriented therapist, instructor at the International Institute of Developmental TA — MIR-TA, author of trainings and seminars). This dictionary was compiled through the analysis of typical expressions and behavioral patterns observed by participants in practice. The purpose of this dictionary is to help specialists identify and understand passive-aggressive expressions and their possible roots. This article may be beneficial for both psychotherapy specialists and a broader audience interested in understanding passive aggression in everyday life.

Passive-Aggressive Clients

This article talks about the formation of passive-aggressive personality adaptation in a client, a supposed family system in which he grew up, the role of passivity in the client’s life and his favorite roles in communication with others. Passive-aggressive clients are among the most difficult in the therapist’s work, as they do not seek to achieve results in therapy, but rather to devalue the therapist’s work and avoid any changes. Avoidance and devaluation are the result of the fact that the active energy of such clients, which could have been directed at growth and development, was somehow blocked in their childhood. This article suggests a review of the views of several authors on a passive-aggressive client, allowing you to see better the hidden benefits of a person and his or her loved ones. In particular, the author draws on the works of Francis Bonвs-White, Aaron Wolfe Schiff and Jackie Lee Schiff, Ian Stewart and Van Joines. The article also describes the first steps in establishing contact with passive-aggressive clients in a session.

마이크로 매니지먼트 측정도구 타당화 연구

The purpose of this study is to validate the micromanagement measurement developed by Sulphey and Upadhyay (2019). We translated the micromanagement measurement for validation and conducted content validity analysis. The preliminary study has showed that the subfactor structure of the instrument items was verified. In the main study with 392 individuals from Korean employees. Our analysis included factor analysis, reliability analysis, and Rasch model. The results indicated that one item with a low factor loading was removed, leaving the measurement of 14 items in four factors. The study revealed a significant association between micromanagement and organizational silence, as well as passive aggression in Korean organizations. We discuss the expected interpretations, practical applications and theoretical implications. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications were further discussed.

The Other Side of Love: Tactics of Emotional Manipulation in Romantic Relationships

Emotional manipulation in romantic relationships is a subtle form of controlling a partner through emotional pressure, inducing feelings of guilt, blackmail, ignoring, passive-aggressive behaviors, and other manipulative tactics. However, it is often invisible, elusive, and difficult to prove, which additionally makes this form of abuse highly dangerous. Emotional manipulation can have serious consequences on an individual's mental health, including increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. It can also lead to reduced self-confidence, feelings of helplessness, and a loss of control over one's own life. To raise awareness about the harmful effects of emotional manipulation, both for the quality of the romantic relationship, and for the mental health of the individual, this paper presents scientifically-based information on this construct, and describes some of the most common tactics of emotional manipulation, which are used in romantic relationships. Through scientific and professional discussions and education, society can become better informed about emotional manipulation, and create an environment in which victims feel safe to express their issues and seek help.

The expression of passive aggression in family conflicts in selected American plays

The article presents sample forms of expression of passive aggressiveness in family conflicts in selected American plays. It briefly describes the notion of passive aggression, dating back to post-war era and originally used to denote passive resistance against superiors. The linguistic expression of passive aggression relies mostly on indirectness as a means of avoiding confrontation, hurting the other person subtly though with a clear intention. Frameworks from the fields of pragmatics and pragmastylistics, such as the concept of face, implicature, theories of (im) politeness or turn-taking facilitate the understanding of how passive-aggressive utterances are constructed and expressed and provide implicit characterization cues that help the reader infer the character participating in conflict.

Social media usage: implications for empathy, passive aggressive behavior, and impulsiveness

This paper undertakes an examination of the intricate interplay between social media consumption and critical psychological attributes, specifically empathy, passive aggression, and impulsiveness while adopting a nuanced perspective on potential variations across age cohorts. The primary objectives of this research encompass a comprehensive exploration of the relationships between social media engagement and the aforementioned psychological traits, coupled with a comparative assessment of these connections within two distinct age groups: young adults (aged 18–30) and the elderly population (aged 40 and above). The research design employed a purposive sampling strategy to assemble a diverse cohort of 200 Indian citizens. The empirical findings of this study substantiate a discernible positive correlation between increased social media use and heightened levels of passive aggression, affirming the initial hypothesis. In contrast, the anticipated associations between social media usage, empathy, and impulsiveness are not supported by empirical evidence. It is notable that no significant variations in the influence of social media on empathy and impulsiveness emerged between the two age groups. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirms the outcomes of the correlation analysis, underscoring the limited effect of social media on empathy and impulsiveness. However, the analysis also underscores a positive link between social media engagement and passive aggression, particularly among young adults. This research underscores the necessity of considering age-related nuances when exploring the impact of social media on individual behavior, emphasizing the requirement for a more nuanced comprehension of how social media shapes our psychological well-being

THE ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR ON ISLAMIC ADOLESCENT FROM SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES

This study aims in general to describe the passive-aggressive behavior adolescents can develop from the parenting pattern of single-parent families. Adolescents who live with a single parent have a risk of delinquency compared to adolescents who are cared for by intact parents. The condition of adolescents who are raised by single parents causes children not to be used to expressing their thoughts and feelings freely. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. Data analysis in this study was obtained through a passive-aggressive behavior questionnaire with a Likert scale with a sample of 36 students from single parent families at SMKN 1 Enam Lingkung. The results of the study show that passive-aggressive behavior is in the high category, which means that students have passive-aggressive behavior that needs to be intervened so that students can avoid maladaptive behavior. The school responding to that issue immediately by teachers in schools, especially BK teachers in the implementation of services to reduce passive-aggressive to help students develop more optimally.

An obscured obstacle—Prevalence and nature of micro aggressions amongst healthcare professionals

IntroductionMicroaggressions create negative consequences on the mental health of individuals who experience them, such as feelings of alienation, frustration and low self-esteem. Physicians worldwide are negatively impacted by the detrimental effects of microaggressions and implicit bias. It is imperative to establish the prevalence specificity of the problem hence the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, nature and determinants of microaggressions amongst healthcare professionals. MethodThe study used an online anonymous survey to collect data including demographics, awareness of the term, experience of microaggression, acts and response. The research findings were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses using Chi-square test and binary logistic regression respectively. ResultA total of 443 participants (40.9% males, 59.1% females) included 403 physicians (91%), 21 dentists (4.7%), 15 nurses (3.4%) and 4 pharmacists (0.9%). More than half of the participants (59.8%) were aware of the term micro-aggression. The percentage was significantly higher among respondents from the western region of Saudi Arabia than the Gulf/Middle Eastern countries. Approximately 38.1% of the participants experienced microaggression and more than half (55.62%) did not report experiencing microaggression. The most common form of microaggression was passive-aggressive behavior (80.5%) followed by invalidation of an opinion (73.4%). Among those who experienced microaggression, (12.9%) reported anger as the most predominant emotional response. ConclusionMicroaggression is a universal phenomenon. Further research is necessary to determine its prevalence in other countries to establish a comprehensive understanding of its cultural context.

About the Impact and Effects of Toxic Leadership on Employees and Organizations

Abstract The concept of toxic leadership has emerged as a critical counterpoint to traditional leadership theories, particularly the Transformational Leadership Model. This model suggests that effective leaders are visionaries who develop and implement strategies to realize their vision while fostering the development and motivation of their teams. It emphasizes the positive and effective aspects of leadership, focusing on guiding organizations towards success in their current and future environments. However, this model has been critiqued for its lack of attention to the negative aspects of leadership. This critique has led to the development of the concept of toxic leadership, a taxonomy that includes a range of detrimental leadership behaviors. Some scholars categorize managerial incompetence as a form of toxic leadership, arguing that it undermines organizational agility and effectiveness. Incompetence in leadership roles can significantly impede an organization’s operational and strategic capabilities. More recent explorations of toxic leadership have focused on passive-aggressive behaviors, identifying them as prevalent in organizational settings. This perspective broadens the scope of toxic leadership to include not only overtly aggressive or illegal actions but also more covert forms of destructive behavior. Some definitions of toxic leadership extend to behaviors at national and pseudo-national levels, such as genocide. This expansion underscores the potential for leadership toxicity to manifest in various forms and at different scales, from individual organizations to broader societal structures. The discourse on toxic leadership serves as a vital lens for examining the complexities and potential pitfalls of leadership, highlighting the need for a more holistic understanding of leadership that includes both its positive and negative dimensions.

Aggression by omission: Redefining and measuring an understudied construct.

Researchers of aggression have classically focused on what has been previously called active aggression-the deliberate infliction of harm through the direct application of deleterious consequences. However, the counterpart to this, what was originally called passive aggression, has gone understudied, and its definition has mutated beyond its original conceptualization. The present two studies (N's 196 and 220, respectively) attempted to examine passive aggression as originally defined-the deliberate withholding of behavior to ensure that a target is harmed-and renaming it aggression by omission (ABO), in contrast to aggression by commission (ABC). These studies found that both fit within a similar nomological network of antagonism, Sadism, and trait aggression. Study 2 additionally found that both were equally affected by provocation and were considered equally harmful. These findings encourage further research into ABO to capture this construct concretely, especially in the context of common paradigms (e.g., the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, Hot Sauce, Point-Subtraction Aggression Paradigm), and trait aggression scales, which typically measure ABC.

Online Passive-Aggressive Active Learning for Trapezoidal Data Streams.

The idea of combining the active query strategy and the passive-aggressive (PA) update strategy in online learning can be credited to the PA active (PAA) algorithm, which has proven to be effective in learning linear classifiers from datasets with a fixed feature space. We propose a novel family of online active learning algorithms, named PAA learning for trapezoidal data streams (PAA [Formula: see text] ) and multiclass PAA [Formula: see text] (MPAA [Formula: see text] ) (and their variants), for binary and multiclass online classification tasks on trapezoidal data streams where the feature space may expand over time. Under the context of an ever-changing feature space, we provide the theoretical analysis of the mistake bounds for both PAA [Formula: see text] and MPAA [Formula: see text] . Our experiments on a wide variety of benchmark datasets have confirm that the combination of the instance-regulated active query strategy and the PA update strategy is much more effective in learning from trapezoidal data streams. We have also compared PAA [Formula: see text] with online learning with streaming features (OL [Formula: see text] )-the state-of-the-art approach in learning linear classifiers from trapezoidal data streams. PAA [Formula: see text] could achieve much better classification accuracy, especially for large-scale real-world data streams.

Exploratory data analysis and deception detection in news articles on social media using machine learning classifiers

This paper investigates realistic ways to identify fake news on digital platforms in this context automatically. To begin, a massive number of current and correlated works were surveyed in an attempt to incorporate all possible features for detecting fake news, followed by exploratory data analysis to identify sources that frequently publish fake news and determine the most frequently occurring words in the title and body of fake and genuine news. Our findings indicate that the suggested computer models possess an advantageous discriminative potential for detecting fake news transmitted via digital channels. In this paper, we classify documents into fake/real news categories using Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), and Passive Aggressive (PA)] machine learning classifiers with and without text processing (TP). Our paper's result is determined and calculated using the confusion matrix and the classifier’s performance by defining accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score metrics for fake news detection.

The effect of Instagram posts` Cyberbullying on Passive aggression of Egyptian youth: Social Learning Theory

The effect of Instagram posts` Cyberbullying on Passive aggression of Egyptian youth: Social Learning Theory

Investigation of aggression levels of anatolian and vocational high school students

In this study, it is aimed to examine the aggression levels of high school students studying in Anatolian and Vocational High Schools and competing in teams according to some parameters. Aggression scale was applied to 296 students in total. Student-t test, one-way Anova and LSD tests were used to determine the differences in branches. The differences between the aggression scale scores of the students according to gender and age were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the comparison of aggression levels in Anatolian and Vocational High Schools, there was a significant difference in the assertiveness sub-dimension (p<0.05), while the difference in destructive aggression, passive aggression and total aggression scores was insignificant (p>0.05). The differences in destructive aggression, assertiveness, passive aggression sub-dimensions and total aggression scores were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that while the aggression status of the students studying in Anatolian and Vocational high schools and doing active sports are similar according to gender and age, it varies according to the school they attend, the income status of their families and the sports branch they compete in. Passive aggression of students with high destructive aggression was also high. It can be suggested to investigate the aggression tendencies of high school students according to their sports background. It may be beneficial to conduct similar studies with students from different socio-demographic regions.

Concept-drift detection index based on fuzzy formal concept analysis for fake news classifiers

Unpredictable changes in the underlying distribution of the streaming data over time are known as concept drift. The development of procedures and techniques for drift detection, interpretation, and adaptation is central to concept-drift research. Data research has demonstrated that machine learning in a concept-drift environment produces poor learning results if drift is not handled. This study focuses on defining the concept-drift detection index to predict when the performance of a machine learning model for text-stream classifiers is low. It proposes an index that relies on the Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis theory. The index exploits the formal lattice to understand whether new incoming facts (e.g., news) are well represented in the training data used to build the machine-learning model. Fake news was deemed ideal for testing this new measure because its typical application scenario required handling a stream of unstructured content and concept-drift awareness. Experiments on three news datasets revealed a relevant correlation (i.e., 73.9 %, 80.8 %, and 81 %) between the Accuracy of Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Passive Aggressive (PA) models, respectively, and the proposed index. This strong correlation suggests that the new index can avoid incorrect classifications and help in retraining decisions.

Coping With Racism: An Analysis of Defence Mechanisms Employed by Lubinda in Dominic Mulaisho's The Tongue of the Dumb

Sensitive as racism may be, it has continued to be a problematic reality, a thematic issue and a subject of scholarly discourse. Racism negatively impacts societies and individuals. Thus, the attention and need for relentless efforts in addressing, ameliorating, combating, eradicating and mitigating it. This paper concerns itself with representations and experiences of Racism in Dominic Mulaisho’s The Tongue of the Dumb. Using the Defence Mechanism Theory of Psychoanalysis, it investigates the defence mechanisms employed by a prominent character, Lubinda, to cope with racism. Further, the study explores the role and significance of defence mechanisms in coping with racism. The research was qualitative. Data was collected by textual analysis of the selected novel and analysed thematically. The findings of the study show that affiliation, humour, identification with the aggressor, sublimation, passive aggression and sublimation were utilised by the character. The usefulness and protectiveness of defence mechanisms is observable and it is rendered prudent to be acquainted with these mechanisms as stressful situations and unpleasant experiences are inevitable.

Expression of Hostility - Basis of Passive Aggressive Behavior. Correlational Study

Debating the existence and nature of a series of personality disorders, this study revolves around one of the most controversial of them, this being the passive-aggressive personality disorder. The history of its conceptualization is nuanced and complicated, this determining frequent changes in the disorder’s structure and objectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to observe if there are any connections between the passive-aggressiveness, hostility and age. For this scope, there were being used two instruments, which are The Hostility Scale and the Existential Attitudes Questionnaire. Analyzing the results, it was once again showed that passive-aggressiveness cannot be correlated with variables such as the hostility levels or the age of an individual, this once named disorder remaining as difficult to interpret as it was before the decision of erasing it from the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (2013).

Predicting Fraudulant Job Ads with Machine Learning

Online Recruitment frauds are becoming an important issue in cyber-crime region. Companies find it easier to hire people with the help of the internet rather than the old traditional way. But it has greatly attracted scammers. In this project, we have proposed a solution on how to detect ORF. We have presented our results based on the previous model and the methodologies, to create the ORF detection model where we have used Jobs_Frauds.csv . We have selected this dataset from Kaggle . Furthermore, Dummy Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, Naïve Bayes Classifiers, XG Boost, SGD classifier, Passive Aggressive and KNN are the algorithms that have been used. We have found the accuracy of different prediction models, where Passive Aggressive (98.12%) and Gaussian Naïve Bayes (96.72%) give the highest accuracy. Through this project, we tried to create a precise way for detecting fraudulent hiring posts.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Alexithymia, and Defense Mechanisms Among Medical Students of Northeastern Iran

Background: Defense mechanisms are essential to personality and behavior that help individuals deal with stress. These mechanisms might act in different ways, rendering medical students caring physicians or egoistic individuals, and thus, a good understanding of defense mechanisms can contribute to the efforts made to improve the psychological well-being of medical students. Objectives: We studied the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and alexithymia as determinants of psychological well-being and the mechanisms by which medical students might cope with stress and anxiety. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 medical students, 126 (60%) females and 96 (40%) males, in northeast Iran. Data were collected through GAD-7, the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20), and the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 22.0. Pearson's chi-square test, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify associations between GAD, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms. Results: A total of 87 (37.5%) participants showed moderate to severe anxiety. Alexithymia was detected in 49 (21%) participants. Mature defense mechanisms had the highest prevalence among participants (56.5%), while immature mechanisms had the least (23.3%). A significant positive correlation was noted between GAD and alexithymia. Also, GAD was positively correlated with immature and neurotic defense mechanisms (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between mature defense mechanisms and GAD (P < 0.001). Suppression and humor (mature mechanisms) were the negative predictors of GAD. Reaction formation, somatization, autistic fantasy, splitting, passive aggression, displacement, and pseudo-altruism (an immature and neurotic mechanism) were the positive predictors of GAD. Conclusions: The statistically significant correlations found among GAD, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms suggest that a good understanding of these conditions and mechanisms can contribute to alleviating anxiety among medical students and improving their psychological well-being.