Passenger Transport Research Articles

An on-road experimental emissions evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with pyrolysis oil from waste plastics, pure and blended with biodiesel-A Mexican case

Pyrolysis of plastic waste generates alternative fuels that are useful for thermal devices. However, it is the subsequent fractionation process that truly distinguishes itself, refining these fuels to a quality comparable to petroleum derivatives such as diesel and gasoline, thereby making them suitable for direct use in internal combustion engines. This study evaluated the effect on emissions of an internal combustion engine fueled with waste plastic oil diesel-like fuel and its blend with biodiesel. The tests were conducted on-road using a typical light-duty diesel vehicle for passenger or courier transportation. Three tests were carried out, the first one with petroleum diesel (D100) as the reference fuel, the second one with waste plastic oil diesel-like fuel (WPO-DL), and the last with a blend of 80% WPO-DL and 20% biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil (WPO-DL80WCO20). The main findings were a reduction in the generation of NOx when using WPO-DL. However, using WPO-DL increased the production of CO and HC, attributed to the presence of more heavy hydrocarbons compared to that of D100. Additionally, for the WPO-DL80WCO20 blend under acceleration conditions HC decreased under all acceleration conditions. These findings demonstrate that the distilled fuel obtained from the pyrolytic oil product of non-recyclable plastic waste by conventional methods would contribute to the global energy transition and reduce the presence of tons of non-recyclable plastic waste by traditional methods.

Enhancing Efficiency Through Hydrogen-Powered Hyperloop Capsules: AI-Assisted Route Planning in Accordance with Circular Economy Principles

Abstract This study investigates the feasibility of integrating Hyperloop technology with hydrogen fuel systems. The primary objective was to evaluate how Hyperloop infrastructure can incorporate hydrogen refueling stations to optimize transport efficiency and sustainability. The research utilized simulation models developed with ArchiCAD and FlexSim software to analyze the integration of Hyperloop cargo and passenger transport with hydrogen refueling processes. The study included detailed simulations of Hyperloop operations and refueling logistics, focusing on safety, efficiency, and the potential for reducing carbon emissions. Key parameters such as capsule speed, refueling times, and infrastructure requirements were analyzed. Results indicated that Hyperloop technology can significantly enhance transport efficiency, particularly for high-value and time-sensitive goods, while hydrogen refueling stations offer a sustainable energy solution with considerable potential for reducing environmental impact. The findings demonstrate that integrating hydrogen refueling stations into the Hyperloop system can improve operational efficiency and sustainability. However, challenges remain in optimizing refueling processes and infrastructure development. Future research should address these challenges and explore additional AI-based optimization techniques to enhance the overall system performance. This research is especially useful for urban planners, transportation engineers, and policymakers aiming to develop efficient, sustainable transportation systems that incorporate cutting-edge technology like Hyperloop and hydrogen refueling infrastructure.

Seamless multimodality for passenger transportation in the Russian Federation

The paper considers the formation of a seamless multimodal passenger transportation in order to develop transport infrastructure not only at the regional but also at the federal level. The positive aspects and disadvantages of a multimodal transport system are considered. The paper presents a review of the scientific literature on the above issues. The research methodology is based on proven approaches. Founded on the analysis of the tourist flow, it is proposed to build a system of seamless multimodal transportation in the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF). The relevance is due to the need to develop regional transport systems as well as consideration of this topic in the scientific literature, regulatory documents of the industry. Based on the Strategic direction in the field of digital transformation of the transport industry of the RF until 2030, the principles of multimodality are proposed to create a seamless system of multimodal passenger transportation. The development has been conducted for the transport system of the Altai Territory. Based on the data on tourist flows of the Federal State Statistics Service, the calculated route Moscow – Barnaul – Gorno-Altaysk is formed. The introduction of a digital platform for convenient search and booking of transportation is considered, the key points of working with requests are highlighted. The movement of financial and information flows and the algorithm of actions of the system participants are determined.

Analysis the Principle and Applications for Locomotive Engine

Abstract. The evolution of locomotives is the cornerstone of modern transport and has had a profound impact on economic growth and social mobility. From the pioneering steam locomotives of the 19th century, which marked the beginning of a transformative journey for rail transport, to today's complex diesel and electric locomotives, each technological advance has shaped the efficiency, speed and environmental impact of rail systems. With this in mind, this study will offer a systematically analysis for the principle as well as applications for such engine. Steam locomotives revolutionized the transportation of goods and passengers, laying the foundation for the future of rail travel. Diesel locomotives further enhance operational flexibility and reliability, while electric locomotives are becoming mainstream due to their energy efficiency and low emissions. This study explores the historical development of locomotives, highlighting key technological milestones and their impact on rail transport. Meanwhile, the current advances in locomotive technology, including the integration of hybrid power systems and alternative energy sources, are studied. As the rail industry faces increasing pressure for sustainability, it is important to understand the evolution and future prospects of locomotives. By analyzing these developments, this paper aims to provide insights into different locomotive principles and how locomotive technology is evolving in an era of increased environmental awareness and technological innovation, shaping the future of rail transportation.

A study of short-term passenger flow forecasting for public transportation based on the time series method

Abstract. In order to solve the conflicts between the supply and demand of urban transport, improve the living standard of urban residents, raise the level of urbanization, and promote the sustainable socio-economic development of the whole city, it is necessary to increase the pace of urban transport construction, planning and management in China. And at the same time, its necessary to take various measures to regulate the structure of urban transport and guide urban transport to develop in the direction of taking public transport as the mainstay. The experience of the development of urban transportation in China and abroad also proves that prioritizing the development of public transportation is the fundamental way to solve the problem of urban transportation. Public transport passenger flow data is the basis for optimizing public transport operations and scheduling. Accurate passenger flow forecasts on public transport routes can effectively guide public transport operation decisions, formulate operation scheduling plans and effectively improve the operational efficiency of the public transport system. The following are some of the key factors that can be taken into consideration when making passenger flow forecasts. The main contribution of this article is to propose the use of data mining technology, use bus IC card data and bus GPS data to integrate and organize them, conduct correlation analysis on the data, and on this basis, obtain the main distribution characteristics of bus passenger flow, and provide short-term Passenger flow forecast provides relevant ideas.

Rapid dynamic load estimation procedure for lifting propellers in forward flight

AbstractLifting propellers operate at oblique inflow and thus encounter severe dynamic loads during forward flight, impacting structural integrity, fatigue, and vibration. Numerical optimization approaches consider aerodynamic, structural mechanical, and aeroacoustic aspects within preliminary design. To also account for dynamic loads during forward flight, a novel procedure allows their rapid estimation. Based on steady-state simulations combining strip theory and finite beam elements, aerodynamic excitation, damping, and stiffness are defined in the frequency domain. Loads are derived through a linear inflow model and quasi-steady aerodynamics. Damping and stiffness loads are linearized and transferred into matrix form to calculate the frequency response. The computationally expensive need for simulations in the time domain is thus avoided. Applicability extends to both fixed and variable pitch lifting propellers utilized in large multicopters for cargo or passenger transportation. Comparisons to time-marching simulations show good agreement with deviations of approximately 10 %. The analytical derivation yields physical insights to understand and reduce dynamic loads and their magnification due to resonance.

Air Transport Organization: Competitiveness, Globalization, and Innovation

Introduction. Effective organization of air transportation is the basis of strengthening the positions of airlines in the international air transport system in the conditions of deepening globalization processes of aviation activity.Problem Statement. It is a priority direction for the development of aviation activities within the framework of the concept of the state's transport policy, which ensures the safety of passengers and the transparency of territorial and industrial relations in the conditions of constant changes in the economic environment of the national economy.Purpose. Research of the current state of aviation activity, ensuring the effective organization of air transportation in the transport system and interrelated branches of the national economy.Materials and Мethods. A dialectical-materialist approach, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, formalization and analogy have been employed. Statistical documents of international organizations, private and state institutions, publications of research by domestic and foreign researchers have been used as reference material.Results. Five elements of the organization of air transportation at the global level are highlighted: the largest specific weight of passenger transportation in the structure of aviation activity; the aviation industry is promising, which is gradually expanding the boundaries of its niche in the world transport market; the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the aviation industry, changing the centers of economic gravity; active activity of global aviation organizations and associations, which covers most countries of the world; development of a regulatory and legal framework of a global level and global standardization of aviation activities. The challenges of the aviation industry, which arise at the global level, have been characterized.Conclusions. The key prospects for the development of the global aviation industry based on innovative activities are: the latest types of aviation fuel aimed at environmental safety; targeting new layers of potential customers; growth of jobs in the aviation industry; compliance with the accuracy of the departure/arrival schedule; smart service and flight safety.

Fast-Time Simulations to Study the Capacity of a Traffic Network Aimed at Urban Air Mobility

This article investigates viable solutions to implement an Urban Air Mobility network in Milan, Italy, and analyzes its influence on the airspace capacity. The network comprises eight vertiports for passenger transport among two main airports in the area and the city using electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOLs). A Fast-Time Simulation (FTS) model with the software AirTOp (Air Traffic Optimization) allowed the evaluation of the ideal capacity of the network by varying two configurations, which differ from each other in terms of the number of Final Approach and Takeoff areas (FATOs). The results show how it is possible to reach high hourly capacities (in the order of one hundred), thus allowing the use of the service for about 4% of the total passengers passing through the two airports during the reference day chosen for this study. However, the results are ideal due to the strong idealism of the system, which overlooks several factors, and they should be considered as the maximum limit that can be obtained. Despite this, the method presented in this article can also be adapted for other urban areas with high population densities. In addition, the use of a simulation tool of this type allows, in addition to a numerical analysis, a qualitative analysis of the network behavior in terms of traffic, thus highlighting the criticalities of the proposed systems.

Inter-regional rail travel and housing markets connectedness between London and other regions

Taking London as a location with which to measure the ripple effect in the UK housing market, this study aims to explain and verify the high degree of correlation between inter-regional transportation and the regional correlation of the housing market. Based on the literature on the relationship between short-term mobility and long-term migration, this paper illustrates that the extent to which people use trains for travel across regions will be related to the ripple effect in the regional housing markets. Frequent railway transport behavior, whether for commuting or traveling, might increase people's desire to relocate between regions, and thus leading to information transmission effects across regional housing prices and transaction volume. First, we estimate a dynamic indicator for the ripple effect. Then, the empirical tests use panel data, including the ripple indicator and passenger number data across time (1996–2022) and regions (nine regions). It is found that if London house prices drive other regional house prices to rise, inter-regional transportation demand will increase, and in turn, the increase of house prices in other housing markets will again drive up London house prices. The number of passengers will affect the information transmitted by the housing market transaction volume in other regions to the London housing market. This implies that higher inter-regional transport needs may lead to migration between London and other property markets, causing their transaction volumes to change in the same direction. The results of this paper verify that travel behavior between regions is a crucial factor in the leading/lagging behavior of regional housing market performance, implying a relationship between short-term travel and long-term migration. The results also indicate that incorporating variables of housing market correlations may help in the prediction of passenger numbers or transportation demand.

Investigating the Need for Urban Air Mobility in Tehran City

The increase in urbanization has led to the creation of dense population in urban areas, along with economic development and the increase in vehicles, which has led to an increase in demand and consequently an increase in many challenges regarding mobility and infrastructure. Solving these challenges or reducing the effects of these challenges can have significant effects on people's daily lives. Various solutions have always been proposed to solve these challenges, some of which have been successful and some of which have not. In the city of Tehran, too, challenges have arisen due to the rapid growth of urbanization, population, and vehicles, and solutions have been proposed to solve these challenges or improve the conditions, but due to the current conditions in Tehran, these solutions have not been able to appear as successful as they should be. In this paper, by examining the conditions of Tehran in terms of noise pollution, energy and fuel consumption, air pollution, traffic conditions, public and road transportation, it is proved that Tehran needs a new mode of transportation. According to today's needs of Tehran, this new mode of transportation can be an urban air mobility (UAM) that can be used in areas such as passenger and goods transportation. The presence of this mode of transportation in the transportation system of Tehran, in addition to improving the level of transportation of this city, helps to improve and even solve the challenges of today's transportation in Tehran, such as the high noise pollution of this city.

Can telework help us to tip into low-carbon passenger transportation?

Can telework help us to tip into low-carbon passenger transportation?

Correlation between notifiable infectious diseases and transportation passenger traffic from 2013 to 2019 in mainland China

PurposePopulation mobility significantly contributes to the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases, posing a serious threat to public health safety and sustainable development across the globe. Understanding the impact of population mobility on the prevention and control of infectious diseases holds profound significance.MethodsIn this study, we collected the data on the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in mainland China from 2013 to 2019, and analyzed the characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases, as well as their correlation with transportation passenger traffic.ResultsAmong 29 common notifiable infectious diseases, the incidence rate of intestinal diseases per 100,000 people was the highest (256.35 cases), while the mortality rate was the lowest (0.017 cases). The mortality rate per 100,000 people due to sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases was the highest (1.154 cases). A significant linear correlation was noted between commercial passenger traffic and the number of cases of tuberculosis (r = 0.83, P = 0.022), hepatitis A (r = 0.87, P = 0.012), bacillary and amebic dysentery (r = 0.90, P = 0.006), typhoid/paratyphoid (r = 0.94, P = 0.002), leptospirosis (r = 0.90, P = 0.005), AIDS(r=-0.90, P = 0.006), gonorrhea (r=-0.79, P = 0.035) and scarlet fever (r=-0.85, P = 0.016). A significant linear correlation was noted between public transportation passenger traffic and the number of cases of measles (r = 0.94, P = 0.002), hepatitis A (r = 0.96, P = 0.001), parasitic and vector-borne diseases (r = 0.96, P = 0.001), brucellosis (r = 0.95, P = 0.001), leptospirosis (r = 0.88, P = 0.008), other infectious diarrhea (r = 0.86, P = 0.013) and gonorrhea (r = 0.84, P = 0.018).ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that transportation passenger traffic significantly affected the incidence of infectious diseases, and reasonable management of passenger traffic was a potentially important means of prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Development of conceptual provisions for implementing innovative technologies to quality standards of public passenger transport

This paper reports a study of the main principles for the formation of public passenger transport service quality standards. The object of the research is public passenger transport services. The task of the study is the development of conceptual foundations for the formation of quality standards using modern innovative technologies. It has been established that the main factor in achieving the quality of public passenger transport services is taking into account innovative technologies and compliance with the criteria and norms of EU standards. Features in the functioning of public passenger transport in the world have been studied, including the use of information platforms for tracking the movement of transport routes, Internet applications, ensuring safety and compliance with environmental requirements. The criteria that serve as indicators of improving the efficiency of the quality of services have been defined, among the main ones are the availability of transportation, comfort, frequency of traffic, and waiting time, quality of service, as well as safety. A system of forming the quality of public passenger transport services has been proposed, which involves determining the needs and requirements of consumers of public passenger transport services, ensures the development of measures to improve the quality of services and their certification. A comprehensive approach to the formation of the quality of public passenger transport services based on the introduction of innovative technologies has been formed, which could make it possible to determine the level of their innovative development, as well as ways to improve it. This approach takes into account the relationship between implemented measures, measuring the level of service quality and the distribution of obligations to ensure the level of services determined by quality criteria. This makes it possible to determine the required level of quality of public passenger transport services and to form a relationship between the level of innovative technologies and the stages of the approach. The practical significance of the results is the design of tools that would ensure the improvement of the quality of public passenger transport services.

Cluster analysis of travel behaviour threats in chosen European functional urban areas during the economic crisis

Motives: Urban mobility models are constantly changing due to economic, social, infrastructural, and geographical factors. Preferences for transport modes vary by country, region, and city, and transport infrastructure and policy have a significant impact on residents’ choices. Additionally, economic factors such as economic crises, public policy decisions, and events such as armed conflicts have a significant impact on the dynamics of mobility in functional urban areas (FUAs).Aim: The main goal of the research was to create groups of countries (clusters) that have similar priorities regarding travel behaviour threats revealed as a result of the economic crisis resulting from the conflict in Ukraine.Results: The study shows that the main threats during the economic crisis (resulting from the war in Ukraine) are economic factors (e.g., ticket prices, an increase in fuel costs), legal factors (e.g., loss of a driving license or passenger transport license), and infrastructural factors (e.g., poor condition of infrastructure). The analysed countries were grouped based on the hierarchical prioritization of threats, using Ward’s hierarchical clustering method. Interestingly, the distance from the conflict epicentre did not significantly influence the prioritization of threat factors influencing transportation behaviour in FUAs. Instead, factors such as membership in international organizations, energy dependence on Russia, the level of economic growth, and transport infrastructure played a more key role in the priority-setting process.

Simulation-based adaptive optimization for passenger flow control measures at metro stations

Effective passenger flow control measures are essential for the safe operation of metro stations. Existing in-station control measures include adjusting the operation mode of escalators and setting up temporary fences. However, in practice, metro operators often adopt fixed operation modes during fixed periods, indicating that the current passenger flow control measures at metro stations are overly rigidified. Therefore, developing an adaptive control strategy to constantly balance the wildly fluctuating passenger flow and optimize the operation performance is a key issue in current research. In this study, transportation efficiency and congestion risk are selected as evaluation objectives for passenger transportation risk, and passenger flow feature, station structure, and passenger flow control measures are considered key influential factors. Subsequently, an adaptive optimization method integrating simulation and data interpolation is proposed. The software Legion is used to conduct 150 orthogonal simulations, and prediction models for passenger transportation risk are obtained by performing data interpolation on the simulation results. Finally, taking a certain metro station as a case study, the optimal passenger flow control strategy under any passenger flow composition is obtained by scenario acquisition, risk identification, and adaptive decision-making. The results show that setting up temporary fences can reduce the passenger density near the fare gates, while adjusting the running direction of escalators can reduce overcrowding on the platform. Under varying passenger flow composition, the optimal strategy for the current scenario can be obtained, controlling passenger transportation risk within an acceptable range and providing assistance for metro operators in decision-making.

Penentuan Faktor Prioritas dalam Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Penumpang Rute Medan-Pematangsiantar dengan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy-AHP dan Topsis

The aim of this research is to help Unimed students determine priority modes of passenger transportation that suit the needs and capabilities of the community for the Medan-Pematangsiantar route. This research uses the Fuzzy-AHP and Topsis methods. The research results reveal that cost criteria have the greatest influence in choosing a mode of transportation, while safety criteria have the smallest influence. Apart from that, the most popular mode of transportation is buses, while the least popular is travel agents.

РАЗРАБОТКА ДВУХФАКТОРНОЙ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ КОЛИЧЕСТВА ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРОИСШЕСТВИЙ С УЧАСТИЕМ ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

The article considers the accident rate of passenger transport, determines perspective ways of development of this type of transport and the main target indicators in accordance with the Transport Strategy. The analysis of the main factors affecting the development of passenger transport - passenger turnover and availability of rolling stock - is carried out and a two-factor model is developed, which allows estimating the change in the accident rate depending on the changes in the factors under study.

Flexible Capacity Road Passenger Transport: History, Current, Future

Regular passenger transportation plays an important role in the life of modern society. At the same time, the financial burden of paying for its operation falls on the state budget and is the subject of periodic measures aimed at reducing this budgetary burden. Implementation of such goals is usually carried out by reducing the number of flights, which leads to a decrease in the quality of passenger service and their outflow to the personal car, which leads to an increase in motorization with all the negative attributes inherent in this phenomenon. This publication gives a literature review of scientific publications on the subject of the use of road passenger transport of dynamic capacity - trailer passenger vehicles, which in the period of growth of passenger traffic are coupled, increasing capacity, and in periods of decline - uncoupled, reducing capacity. Modern scientific and practical tendencies of this direction abroad are shown. A new approach to the organization of regular passenger transport operation in the Republic of Belarus is proposed, which consists in the daily forecasting of passenger capacity for each trip of each route with the subsequent assignment of passenger vehicles of flexible capacity to such trips, maximally corresponding to the available passenger capacity.

Maintenance and Supply of Post and Telegraph Stations in the Semirechye

The article explores the material supply of post and telegraph stations in the Semirechye region during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The management of postal routes, transport safety, and the construction and equipment of stations were determined by the state, private entrepreneurs, and the local Kazakh population, who were taxed for these services. In addressing these challenges, the Russian Empire drew from European experiences, directly applying the postal station management model from Russia. Postal routes facilitated the transportation of correspondence, cargo, and passengers, thus solving essential communication issues within society. Government officials and soldiers also relied on these stations as key support points. Although the station attendants (overseers) were under the authority of post offices, they independently managed operations and relied on station-generated income. This arrangement was cost-effective for the state, allowing it to minimize expenses on postal institutions. The Russian government consistently worked to improve postal communication, and the system was subject to ongoing changes. However, despite some positive developments, both the Russian Empire and the postal system in Semirechye lagged behind European standards of postal transport.

Legitimation strategies in emerging ecosystems: The case of advanced air mobility in Hamburg

This study provides insights into the legitimation process of emerging ecosystems and strengthens the conceptual link between entrepreneurial ecosystems and economic geography. It examines existing theoretical frameworks on legitimation strategies in emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems by inquiring into advanced air mobility (AAM), an area in which innovation faces exceptionally high legitimation challenges. The initial integration of drones for logistics and air taxis for passenger transport is surrounded by ambiguous future visions that range from high expectations to concerns about developing a mobility form that is neither sustainable nor socially acceptable and affordable. Empirically, this article offers an analytical understanding of the collective legitimation strategies within the emerging AAM ecosystem in Hamburg, Germany. For this, we used multiple qualitative methods and data sources: (1) a contextualizing network analysis, (2) semi-structured interviews with 22 representatives of tech and policy development, and (3) participatory observation from applied research projects. Based on the empirical material, we find that the current conceptual debate underestimates the public sector's role in ecosystem emergence and legitimation. As AAM depends on fundamental regulatory change, authorities and state-owned companies in the aviation sector have a decisive influence on the emergence of the ecosystem. Furthermore, our findings highlight how global discourses shape local practices and expectations. By combining cross-sectoral knowledge, entrepreneurs and policymakers aim to identify feasible use cases for their place-specific context. Nevertheless, the lack of a collective identity within the ecosystem, which comes largely from the uncertainties of AAM, poses numerous challenges for ecosystem participants addressing their liability of newness.