Taxi Passengers Research Articles

Lease as an Element of Legal Relations to Ensure the Implementation of Passenger and Baggage Transportation Activities by Passenger Taxis

Lease as an Element of Legal Relations to Ensure the Implementation of Passenger and Baggage Transportation Activities by Passenger Taxis

Проблемы правовой квалификации договора перевозок грузового такси

In Russian legislation, only the term “passenger taxi” is used, while the concept of “freight taxi” is absent. Meanwhile, in practice, cargo taxi services are offered everywhere. What is the legal qualification of an agreement aimed at providing such services? The article makes an attempt to highlight this and other problems associated with the contract for the carriage of a passenger taxi and its place in the system of transport contracts.

Improving YOLOv8 with parallel frequency channel attention for taxi passengers

AbstractDetecting taxi passengers is crucial for assessing taxi driver behavior, which plays a significant role in regulating the taxi industry. Despite the advancements in deep learning, object detection algorithms have not been extensively applied to this domain. In this article, an innovative taxi passenger detection algorithm is introduced based on YOLOv8, a lightweight and highly accurate method designed to automatically monitor driver behavior and regulate the taxi industry. To address the challenge of deploying complex object detection models on mobile devices, the ghost module is incorporated in place of standard convolutions within the C2f module, thereby making the model more lightweight. Furthermore, the model's performance is enhanced by integrating an improved version of Frequency Channel Attention (FCA), termed Parallel Frequency Channel Attention (PFCA), which boosts detection accuracy with minimal additional parameters and computational overhead. Experimental results on a specific taxi passenger dataset demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline YOLOv8n model. Specifically, the model reduces the number of parameters and floating point operations by 12.96% and 8.18%, respectively, while achieving increases in mAP50 and mAP50‐95 by 0.27 and 0.73 percentage points, respectively.

THE PERFORMANCE OF TJILIK RIWUT AIRPORT TAXIS IN THE CITY OF PALANGKA RAYA CITY ACCORDING TO USER

The existence of the Tjilik Riwut airport plays a big role in the development of the Palangka Raya area and its surroundings, especially in providing convenience for domestic passengers who want to visit Palangka Raya City, especially students or tourists who come from outside the island of Kalimantan. The Tjilik Riwut airport taxi is the only airport taxi owned by the Tjilik Riwut airport taxi in the city of Palangka Raya. and it is necessary to know how the performance of the Tjilik Riwut airport taxi in Palangka Raya City according to airport taxi passengers as a consideration for users in determining the mode of transportation. Sampling was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a total of 94 respondents and then analyzed using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method to determine the level of customer satisfaction with the performance of airport taxis. The results of the CSI analysis on the performance assessment of Tjilik Riwut airport taxis in the city of Palangka Raya show the numbers 54.99 which are included in the category Quite Satisfied

The Impact of Rice Sharing Service on Traditional Taxy Market: Meta-analysis

This study aims to analyze the impact of rice sharing services on the traditional taxi market through a meta-analysis. Rice-sharing services have grown rapidly in recent years, offering cheaper and more convenient transportation alternatives for consumers. The study pooled and analyzed the results of 10 studies examining the impact of rice-sharing services on the traditional taxi market. The results of the meta-analysis showed that rice sharing services had a significant negative impact on the income and number of traditional taxi passengers with an effect size value of 0.712. This effect is stronger in developing countries and in large cities. Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of rice-sharing services was greater on economy-class taxis and taxis operating on popular routes. Nan Berbagi Rice has disrupted the traditional taxi market and led to a decline in revenue and the number of traditional taxi riders. The findings have important implications for the taxi industry and policymakers looking to formulate regulations for rice-sharing services.

Место договора фрахтования легкового такси в системе договоров перевозки пассажиров автомобильным транспортом

The article discusses the problem of systematizing passenger transportation by road. It is concluded, that there are no reliable criteria for differentiating this system based on the principle of dichotomy. It is pointed out that the opposition between transportation of passengers and luggage by order and transportation by passenger taxis is unfounded. It is also noted that the regularity of transportation cannot be used as the basis for distinguishing between charter contracts and contracts for the carriage of passengers and baggage.

РАЗРАБОТКА СИСТЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА РАБОТЫ ВОДИТЕЛЕЙ ТАКСОМОТОРНЫХ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

To improve the quality of the organization of transportation activities in the field of taxi passenger transportation, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the selection and subsequent employment of a motor vehicle driver. The article suggests indicators that can fully characterize the driver of a motor vehicle in terms of safety of vehicle operation, professionalism and technical literacy, decency and accuracy, politeness. Depending on the priorities of the employer, represented by the management of a taxi company or a taxi aggregator, you can choose the most acceptable candidate for the position of a taxi driver or a partner of a contractor engaged in passenger automobile transportation. The unified database of taxi drivers created subsequently, containing individual performance indicators of their work, has a number of advantages for both taxi drivers and employers, allowing some, depending on their work efficiency, to claim higher wages for their work, and others the opportunity to reduce the cost of operating vehicles and improve the culture of taxi trucking.

Methodology for calculating the intensity of passenger demands for transport services by passenger taxi cars

The article provides formulas that make it possible to calculate the intensity of the incoming and outgoing flow of passenger demands for transport services by passenger taxi cars in such large transport hubs of the Moscow agglomeration as the airports of the Moscow Aviation Hub, which are typical examples of a queuing system. The main differences between the incoming and outgoing flow are noted. As a result of the fact that the incoming flow is subject to elements of randomness, the article discusses a method for determining the distribution law of a random variable, which is the probability of passengers arriving pi(t) at the airport at time t before the scheduled departure time of the aircraft. Using the standard Pearson’s criterion χ2, the hypothesis about the expected distribution law is tested. The intensities of incoming and outgoing flow calculated according to the above formulas can be used as input data for simulation modeling of the queuing system for passengers at transport hubs by various modes of transport in order to optimize the transportation process and improve the quality of passenger service. Keywords transport hub, urban agglomeration, taxi transportation, queuing system, incoming flow, random variable distribution law, Pearson’s criterion χ2

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПОСЛУГ РАЙДХЕЙЛІНГ-КОМПАНІЇ «УКЛОН» ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ МОДЕЛІ SERVQUAL

The paper presents the results of a study of the quality of passenger taxi services (case study for Ukrainian ride-hailing service "Uklon"), which was conducted by applying the SERVQUAL tool. The ride-hailing service is an innovative product in the rapidly developing market of taxi services and a business model, a taxi aggregator. Its peculiarities identified via the literature review are the on-demand provision of paid prearranged passenger transportation services combined with smartphone mobile applications or online platforms for immediate booking of trips, making electronic payments, and rating drivers and passengers. The study aimed to obtain the quality measures for the service − the integrated indicator and indicators for the partial characteristics. The theoretical basis of SERVQUAL offered by A. Parasuraman, V. A. Zeithaml, and L. L. Berry is the gap concept and taxonomy of service quality determinants (model RATER). The instrument allows the measurement of service quality as a gap between the consumers' expectations regarding the service characteristics and their perceptions based on consumption experience. Quantitative marketing research in the form of a survey of 50 clients of the "Uklon" was implemented. The method provided the following stages: determination of essential characteristics of a ride-hailing service; development of two questionnaires; collection of primary data by surveying customers aimed at revealing their pre-consumption expectations; surveying customers aimed at revealing their perceptions regarding the quality of services of "Uklon" based on the experience gained; calculation of the general and partial indicators for service quality. The service quality accounted for -0,69, and quality indicators for partial characteristics range from 0.02 to -1.46. The ride-hailing service "Uklon" is close to fully satisfying clients, but there is room for improvement. Two unique value propositions differentiating the company from competitors are identified. Recommendations for improving the services are provided, and prospects for further research are defined.

Not in Control, but Liable? Attributing Human Responsibility for Fully Automated Vehicle Accidents

Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making capabilities. For instance, human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars (i.e., driverless cars). An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these cars. Normative ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their control. Here, we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments (N = 2668). We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions: an owner in his private fully automated car, a passenger in a driverless robotaxi, and a passenger in a conventional taxi, where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian injury. In contrast to normative analyses, we show that the occupants of driverless cars (private cars and robotaxis) are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi passengers. This dilemma is robust across different contexts (e.g., participants from China vs the Republic of Korea, participants with first- vs third-person perspectives, and occupant presence vs absence). Furthermore, we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless cars. Our findings suggest that when driverless vehicles (private cars and taxis) cause harm, their users may face more social pressure, which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.

Real-time taxi spatial anomaly detection based on vehicle trajectory prediction

Taxi services have long faced difficulties with unethical taxi drivers taking detours, especially when passengers are unfamiliar with their surroundings. Therefore, it is important to monitor taxis’ operation to enhance the quality of taxi services. In this paper, we mainly study the anomaly detection of taxi trajectories in the spatial dimension with a novel taxi anomaly detection framework based on real-time vehicle trajectory prediction. The framework is termed as TAPS and consists of two stages: the offline training stage and the online anomaly detection stage. In the first stage, a vehicle prediction model is established by training recommended routes provided by a navigation platform to predict a taxi’s next locations. The second step is to detect the taxi’s anomalous trajectories by measuring the consistency between its current and predicted positions as well as the relationship between these two positions and the origin. The effectiveness and timeliness of TAPS are evaluated in a real-world case study. The experiment results show that compared with two baselines, TAPS achieves greater Accuracy, Precision and F1 score to detect anomalous trajectories. This proposed framework can serve as a fundamental tool to detect anomalous trajectories for taxi passengers and companies.

How do dockless bikesharing services affect public transit and taxi use? Evidence from 36 central cities in China

Despite the rapid growth in the popularity of technology-enabled dockless bikesharing services, comprehensive research on their causal effects on other modes of transportation is still scarce. To fill this gap, this study exploits the staggered entry of Ofo and Mobike into 36 Chinese central cities as a quasi-natural experiment using a difference-in-differences approach to examine the overall impact of dockless bikesharing services on bus, rail, and taxi use. The results show that the entry of dockless bikesharing services significantly reduced city bus ridership by 5.1% and taxi passenger miles by 6.4%, but had no significant impact on rail ridership overall. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that a higher proportion of BRT vehicles can attenuate the negative impact of bikesharing services on bus ridership, while bikesharing seems to promote rail transit use in cities with low population densities and limited rail transit networks. Moreover, the reduction effect of bikesharing services on taxi passenger miles was driven by a decrease in average trip distance, with the unintended consequence of total taxi deadheading increased by 9.7%. This study provides important and valuable references for city governments to better utilize bikesharing services to develop efficient and sustainable urban transportation systems.

An Unusual Traumatic Presentation: Luxatio Erecta Humeri and Concomitant Pure Posterior Hip Dislocation

The Luxatio erecta humeri is the inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint and the poterior hip dislocation are rare cases in the emergency department. The association of the two presentations is a rare entity and similar cases are very little found in the literature, hence the purpose of this work. We report the case of a 35-year-old taxi passenger victim of a public road accident who presented with both luxatio erecta humeri and pure posterior hip dislocation. An orthopaedic surgeon reduced the luxatio erecta humeri and the posterior hip dislocation under procedural anesthesia as soon as the patient’s vital signs were stable. Different concomitant injuries and various injury mechanisms have been described in regard to inferior shoulder dislocation in the literature. However, pure posterior dislocation of the hip as a concomitant distant region injury for luxatio erecta humeri is being described for the first time in this case report. Some authors suggested that a two-step manoeuver can be easier to practice than a one-step manœuvre, in our specific case, luxatio erecta was easily reduced by a single operator in a single attempt. Luxatio erecta humeri and posterior hip dislocation are lesions that occur at high energy and complex injuries can accompany them in patients with multiple traumas. A two-step closed reduction can be easily applied by a single operator under procedural anesthesia. hip and shoulder dislocations are extreme emergencies.

An incremental approach to forecasting and classification of taxi demand based on evolving fuzzy systems

Private transport has become a viable and increasingly popular alternative to urban transportation. However, with this growth, an old and recurring problem becomes more latent: the relationship between passenger demands and taxi supply. This problem suggests the creation and use of techniques which make it possible to reduce the gap between the demand for taxi passengers and the effective contingent of vehicles needed to meet this demand. This work introduces a new approach to forecasting and classifying taxi passengers’ demands. The proposed approach uses historical data from taxi rides and meteorological data. The Kruskal-Wallis method identifies the most relevant variables, and an evolving fuzzy system performs demand forecasting/classification. Five evolving systems are evaluated with our approach: Autonomous Learning Multi-Model (ALMMo), evolving Multivariable Gaussian Fuzzy System (eMG), evolving Fuzzy with Multivariable Gaussian Participatory Learning and Recursive Maximum Correntropy (eFCE), evolving Fuzzy with Multivariable Gaussian Participatory Learning and Multi-Innovations Recursive Weighted Least Squares (eFMI), and evolving Neo-Fuzzy Neuron (eNFN). In addition, computational experiments using real-world data were conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed approach. The results revealed that it obtained performance superior or comparable to state-of-the-art ones. Therefore, the experimental results suggest that the proposed approach is promising as an alternative for forecasting and classifying taxi passenger demand.

基于系统动力学的机场出租车载客决策分析——以虹桥机场为例

基于系统动力学的机场出租车载客决策分析——以虹桥机场为例

Математическое моделирование аварийности на автомобильном транспорте в условиях высоких температур окружающей среды

The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a systematic theoretical platform that serves to describe the effect of increasing (up to two times) the accident rate on roads in conditions of high ambient temperatures. The development of theoretical foundations capable of describing this phenomenon was the purpose of this work. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics. The initial data were obtained by expert method and observation of drivers of passenger taxis using the “Wialon – GPS” system/Glonass”. The main results consist in the development of a mathematical model of accidents in road transport at high ambient temperatures. With the help of the constructed model, the influence of climatic installations of various types on the reduction of accidents is determined. These results constitute the scientific novelty of the work. The practical significance of the results is to assess the effectiveness of the developed measures to reduce accidents in the hot season, which should include the organization and control of the use of air conditioners and climate control systems, which can reduce the increase in accidents to 64.1%. The directions of further research are related to the development of algorithmic and instrumental support for reducing the increase in accidents during the organization of traffic in conditions of high ambient temperatures. Recommendations. The results of the research can be recommended to the organizers of passenger and cargo transportation by road, divisions of regional and municipal authorities that have traffic management as their functionality.

Desctiptive Study of Taxis Services in Duhok City

Taxis in the city of Duhok are widely used as an alternative public transportation service due to the minimal or non-existent usage of public transportation by expats and locals, and the predominance of private cars. In this study a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting the study area citizens, with a sample size of 500 taxi passengers. The forms were distributed to the respondents in different areas within the city. From the questionnaire survey it was found that 40% of the respondents had one or two trips during the day by taxi, where the morning period recorded the highest percentage by 63%. This is due to the fact that 65% of these trips are for the purpose of going and returning from work. To improve the taxi service in Duhok city 41% of the respondents encouraged the use of Uber as the best solution because in their opinion Uber will reduce the congestion inside the city and thereby reduces the percentage of pollution. 41% of the respondents do not have a bad experience with a taxi, while 25% of them have one bad experience. Therefore, some citizens specially women don’t use taxis, firstly, because of the customs and traditions and secondly, fear of bad experiences that may happen with them. One of the reasons of delaying the taxi trip was the city congestion which corresponds to the highest percentage of 78%. Finally, the interviewer asked if the respondent used public buses and if they were available in the city. Participants who claimed that they use buses were 58%

Applying AHP and Clustering Approaches for Public Transportation Decisionmaking: A Case Study of Isfahan City

The main purpose of this paper is to define appropriate criteria for the systematic approach to evaluate and prioritize multiple candidate corridors for public transport investment simultaneously to serve travel demand, regarding supply of current public transportation system and road network conditions of Isfahan, Iran. To optimize resource allocation, policymakers need to identify proper corridors to implement a public transportation system. In fact, the main question is to adopt the best public transportation system for each main corridor of Isfahan. In this regard, 137 questionnaires were completed by experts, directors, and policymakers of Isfahan to identify goals and objectives in the field of urban transportation. In the next step, objectives were prioritized by a multi-criteria decisionmaking method. Afterward, for the main 35 corridors of the city, available information, including trip demands toward main destinations of studied corridors derived from Isfahan comprehensive transportation studies and number of passengers of bus lines, were collected. Finally, 3,906 taxi passengers were interviewed at the end points of each corridor. The role of each policy in improvement of the objectives was assessed by expert choices, and suitable public transportation policies in studied corridors were defined by clustering parameters and converting them into weighted criteria. Mass transportation and implementation of road space rationing policies had the most influence on achieving prospected objectives in the city’s urban transportation system. Findings of this paper present a general evaluation of each implemented policy for the studied corridors.

Variable neighbourhood search for the integrated runway sequencing, taxiway scheduling, and gate reassignment problem

With the rapid development of air transportation, the surface management of large airports has become more complicated. This paper proposes an integrated scheduling model of arrival aircraft (ISAA), in which complex constraints related to runway restrictions, gate assignment and taxiway conflicts are incorporated. With the aim of reducing the total passenger runway delay, passenger taxi delay, and passenger swap cost, the model is built as a set partition model. We propose various neighbourhood search (VNS) algorithm for solving the problem. A variable neighbourhood descent (VND) as local search is integrated into the general variable neighbourhood framework. This method is compared with a sequential method that solves runway sequencing, gate reassignment and taxiway scheduling problem separately. Numerical results based on Nanjing Lukou Internation Airport indicate that, although the swap cost for gate reassignment is slightly increased, the whole performance is significantly improved.

Willingness to pay for automated taxis: a stated choice experiment to measure the impact of in-vehicle features and customer reviews

This study aims to contribute to the limited empirical evidence on Automated Taxis (ATs) by analysing the in-vehicle features that ATs ought to have to satisfy taxi passengers requests that in a Normal Taxi (NT) are dealt with a direct communication between the passenger and the driver. Based on the results of focus groups and several pilots, two in-vehicle features are tested: change of destination and chat with an operator during the trip. The paper also contributes to the body of literature on the impact of social influence on the adoption of innovation by testing the impact of consumer reviews other than the typical measure of adoption and injunctive norms. A Stated Choice (SC) experiment was built putting particular effort in the definition and presentation of the new attributes tested. The study was applied in China among current users of NTs (i.e. with the driver). Hybrid choice models were estimated and a resampling technique was used to test the model sensitivity to the sample gathered. Results show that on average, Chinese taxi users are willing to pay 0.35 Euros to have the option to ‘change the destination’ and 0.78 Euros to be able to ‘chat with an operator’ inside the AT. Among the social influence attributes, the reviews from previous customers confirmed to be the most effective measure, users are willing to pay 1.58 Euros more to use a taxi that got good reviews for long trips (≥ 30 min) and 0.57 Euros for shorter trips. The Willingness to Pay (WTP) estimated are all significant at more than 95% and have a narrow confidence intervals.