Passenger Security Research Articles

Analysis Of The Level Of Service User Satisfaction With Services At Gilimanuk Crossing Port During The Covid-19 Pandemic In 2021

Gilimanuk Crossing Port is a crossing port that has a very important role for the community, especially on the island of Bali and Java as a moving bridge that connects the road network that is cut off due to the waters to transport passengers, goods, and vehicles. Based on the observations, there are several problems in existing conditions at Gilimanuk Crossing Port, namely waiting rooms and gangways that do not function properly, pedestrians who enter / disembark the ship still through trestle,lack of facilities for passengers with special needs, and lack of attention of officers to maintain health protocols of passengers at Gilimanuk Crossing Port. The methods used to analyze problems are Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Statisfaction Index based on aspects of Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Emphaty. The results of the analysis obtained a passenger satisfaction index of 61.5% and there are 5 (five) service attributes in quadrant I in the cartesius diagram importance performance analysis which is a priority to be improved and improved quality. The results of the analysis of the study include officers at Gilimanuk Crossing Port are less assertive with service users who violate health protocols such as not keeping their distance, not washing their hands and neglecting to use masks; There are still pedestrian passengers passing through the trestle so that there is a lack of security and safety of passengers and vehicles; Lack of hand washing facilities /handsanitizer; There are no facilities available for passengers with special needs to get on /off the ship.

Ductile crack initiation and growth on a plasticized Polyvinylchloride during air bag deployment

With the goal of ensuring the security of passengers for automotive industry, the present work addresses the ductile fracture process of plasticized PVC. Dedicated clamped single edge notch bending (SENB) specimens were used to characterize the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation for the studied material. The exploitation of the experimental database associated with finite element simulation of the crack propagation allowed, on the one hand, the calibration factor η<sub>p</sub> of this specific SENB specimen to be established, as a function of the crack depth ratio. On the other hand, the fracture toughness of the studied plasticized PVC was estimated to be 10.8 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, value which was close to that reported in the literature for modified PVC. By using this fracture toughness value, a methodology aiming at the prediction of ductile crack initiation of the PVC skin integrated into a real dashboard (full scale test) was proposed.

Analisa Penggunaan Mesin X-Ray Sebagai Security System Di Bandara Internasional Husein Sastranegara

Security system is a protection has a structured cycle, meaning that it has been systemized according to its application in the environment according to its field. Security system is formed is because of threats, crimes and others. A security system is needed at certain events and in special places such as malls and airports to maintain the continuity of the event and security can be well maintained. Everyone who comes to the location must have their luggage checked to minimize the presence of sharp objects that endanger or threaten security at the location. Inspection of passenger objects at the airport is one way to protect the safety and security of airplane passengers. The procedure for checking objects carried by passengers is still carried out manually by airport security officers. The goal is to check whether you find sharp objects or illegal drugs in the passenger's bag. The results of this study are the authors know the working principle and operation of x-ray machines, as well as the number and types of x-ray machines used by Husein Sastranegara International Airport. Security system is a protection has a structured cycle, meaning that it has been systemized according to its application in the environment according to its field.Security system is formed is because of threats, crimes and others. A security system is needed at certain events and in special places such as malls and airports to maintain the continuity of the event and security can be well maintained. Everyone who comes to the location must have their luggage checked to minimize the presence of sharp objects that endanger or threaten security at the location. Inspection of passenger objects at the airport is one way to protect the safety and security of airplane passengers. The procedure for checking objects carried by passengers is still carried out manually by airport security officers. The goal is to check whether you find sharp objects or illegal drugs in the passenger's bag. The results of this study are the authors know the working principle and operation of x-ray machines, as well as the number and types of x-ray machines used by Husein Sastranegara International Airport.

Dampak Tumpang Tindih Keberadaan BRT Trans-Jateng (Mangkang -Weleri) terhadap Angkutan Umum Daerah di Kabupaten Kendal

Transportation is a transfer from one place to another with a mode of transportation both land, sea and air. Public transportation is a mode of public service transportation that has a function in providing transportation services in the form of passenger comfort, very affordable fares and a sense of security for public transportation passengers.. This study was conducted to determine the overlap of the existence of BRT Trans Jateng (Mangkang-Weleri) on Regional Public Transportation in Kendal Regency as a solution or alternative policy that can be done to overcome the impact of the overlap. In this study using quantitative methods with observation techniques in the field, interview methods, questionnaires and documentation. The result of this study is the analysis of data that has been conducted field observations as well as the dissemination of questionnaires on the situation of BRT Trans Jateng passengers (Makang –Weleri) as a descriptive analysis. The results of this research data analysis showed the impact of overlap in BRT Trans Jateng (Mangkang-Weleri) on Regional Public Transportation in Kendal by 54.2%. Some alternative policies that can be done to reduce the impact of overlap such as scheduling the departure of public transportation BRT Trans Jateng (Mangkang-Weleri) can be conditioned with regional public transportation. In addition, there is a cooperation between the Provincial Government of Central Java and The Government of Kendal and the owner of AUD (Regional Public Transport) in Kendal Regency related to the departure schedule of the BRT Trans-Jateng (Mangkang-Weleri) bus fleet with Regional Public Transport.

Impact speed dependency of the ductile failure threshold temperature for a plasticized polyvinylchloride

With the goal of ensuring the security of passengers for automotive industry, the present work addresses the temperature and impact speed envelope allowing ductile failure of plasticized PVC to be obtained. A database of about 250 test results has been constructed for various conditions at ten test temperatures, four impact speeds and two specimen geometries (with or without scoring). The desired ductile failure was characterized by the shape of the load versus deflection curve together with the fracture surface morphology obtained. The temperatures for obtaining ductile failure threshold (\(T_{\mathrm {dth}}\)) have been plotted as a function of the impact speeds for the two geometries. A gap of 20 \(^{\circ }\)C on the \(T_{\mathrm {dth}}\) was highlighted between the two geometries. Additionally, the impact strength of the plasticized PVC under study was estimated to be 0.25 kJ/m\(^2\).

Responsibility of Airlines Company to the Passenger After The Ratification of the Montreal Convention 1999 by Indonesia

Aviation is a strategic business owned by a country, whether managed by a state company or a private company. In Indonesia, airplanes are the most important transportation. It is said to be able to connect every city, province, and inter-island very quickly compared to land and sea transportation. The importance of air transportation must be accompanied by regulations that guarantee the safety and security of airlines and passengers who are users of air transportation services. The security and safety are regulated through national and international rules which must be followed by every airline and passenger for the creation of good aviation business. The main problem in the aviation business is aircraft accidents which result in aircraft destruction and death to all passengers and crew members. This cannot be avoided because the cause of the accident could be from aircraft engine damage, weather, or error from the pilot. This aircraft accident not only damage airlines that have planes worth billions of rupiah but can damage passengers and heirs. Due to the risks involved in the aviation business. Although it is said that air transportation is very safe because the technology used by aircraft is the latest, accidents can not be avoided if it occurs.

The optimizing of land facilities at port of Kolaka in Southeast Sulawesi Province

To improve ferry operation services, adequate port facilities are needed in order to create safety, security, and comfort for passengers, vehicles and the ship itself. The land facilities at the port which have great importance are passengers’ waiting rooms, gangways, and weighbridge.This study is aimed to review the passenger’ waiting rooms, gangways, and weighbridge at Port of Kolaka which is located in the Province of Southeast Sulawesi. Data were collected using observation. The researchers also used secondary data to support the findings. To analyze the data, the researcher compared the existing conditions with the ideal conditions based on two government regulations (1) the Decree of the Minister of Transportation No.KM 52 Year 2004 concerning the Management of the Inland Ports; (2) the Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation No. SK.2681 / AP.005 / DRJD / 2006 concerning the Operation of the Inland Ports.The result of this study showed that the facilities at the Inland Port of Kolaka are not used optimally and accordingly which at some points can endanger the safety of the passengers. Therefore, improvements are needed to optimize the function of the facilities.

Societal impacts of smart, digital platform mobility services—an empirical study and policy implications of passenger safety and security in ride-hailing

Smart, digital platform mobility solutions such as internet-based ride-hailing are becoming common in Global South cities. Empirical research on their wider societal impacts is however, limited. This study explores a critical dimension of societal impact, which is passenger safety and security. The paper uses a large sample qualitative survey data (n = 548) on the perceptions and experiences of users and non-users of internet-based ride-hailing services in Ghana. Through an inductive analysis, seven factors are identified that reflect heterogeneous safety and security perceptions and experiences in ride-hailing. Some individuals perceived a high sense of security and safety from ride-hailing platforms’ inbuilt features, including ‘driver and vehicle identification’ and real-time journey ‘trackability and traceability’. Additionally, they derived a sense of safety and security from the ‘privacy and lone travel’ in ride-hailing, as well as ride-hailing use in ‘emergency’ situations when other emergency services are not readily available. Others, however, expressed ‘distrust’ in the platforms’ inbuilt security features and believed that they enable exposure to ‘malicious and criminal activities’ that compromise their safety when using ride-hailing services. Moreover, safety risks were experienced through ‘driver behaviours’, such as reckless driving, distractions by smartphone usage while driving as well as fare pricing practices that are considered intransparent by passengers, leading to clashes between them and ride-hailing drivers. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of their fundamental conceptual and empirical value to research on smart mobility, transport safety and travel-related well-being, as well as practical relevance for transport policy and governance in the age of smart mobility transitions.

Recent Advances in Machine-Learning Driven Intrusion Detection in Transportation: Survey

Abstract Rapid developments in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) have emerged as a new research field for building sustainable smart cities. VANET (vehicular ad hoc network) is one of the emergent transportation technologies that has a great impact on ensuring mainly traffic management and road safety in urban areas by effciently using data sharing among vehicles. To further increase the security and safety of passengers and drivers, ITSs are continually striving to make the fusion of emergent network technologies to provide more reliable and effcient services. Relating VANET to UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) is an example of this fusion, where UAVs act as an assistant to vehicles aiming to extend the network connectivity while effciently avoiding obstacles (e.g., Buildings) and providing high data delivery ratios. However, VANET and UAV are still critical security subjects that must be addressed. Advanced Machine Learning (e.g., Deep Learning) techniques have recently been used to protect VANET and UAV communications against various cyber attacks that deteriorate the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of vehicular data. Thus, in this paper, we focus on reviewing related work on machine learning techniques for intrusion detection systems in VANET- and UAV-aided networks. We also highlight the main open research challenges in literature and provide hints for improving security in ITSs.

Integrated system for improving the visibility trought the side windows of the motor vehicles

This study presents an innovated idea that includes the development and implementation of an integrated system to improve visibility through the side windows of the motor vehicles. In our days, one important thing is the security of passengers and drivers, especially when their job is closely related to driving a motor vehicle. Therefore, the visibility thought these windows, in particular in adverse rain or snow conditions, is very important to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers. To ensure the increased visibility, the system must be also sealed and easy to operate to comply with all current rules and regulations.

On Driver Behavior Recognition for Increased Safety: A Roadmap

Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADASs) are used for increasing safety in the automotive domain, yet current ADASs notably operate without taking into account drivers’ states, e.g., whether she/he is emotionally apt to drive. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art of emotional and cognitive analysis for ADAS: we consider psychological models, the sensors needed for capturing physiological signals, and the typical algorithms used for human emotion classification. Our investigation highlights a lack of advanced Driver Monitoring Systems (DMSs) for ADASs, which could increase driving quality and security for both drivers and passengers. We then provide our view on a novel perception architecture for driver monitoring, built around the concept of Driver Complex State (DCS). DCS relies on multiple non-obtrusive sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for uncovering the driver state and uses it to implement innovative Human–Machine Interface (HMI) functionalities. This concept will be implemented and validated in the recently EU-funded NextPerception project, which is briefly introduced.

Service Quality and Passengers’ Satisfaction in the Railway Transportation Service: A Case of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AA-LRT)

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the current status of service quality and passengers satisfaction of light rail transit service in Addis Ababa from the point of view of passengers' expectations of the service quality and perceptions of the service delivered by AA-LRT. To achieve this objective, descriptive research design were used to analyze the data collected through questionnaire survey from a sample of 384 passengers of the two routes. These respondents were selected using convenient--judgmental sampling method and stations were selected using simple random sampling methods. The data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, gap analysis and spearman's correlation analysis with the help of SPSS v. 24 by applying modified SERVQUAL instrument for the railway service, RAILQUAL comparisons between passengers' expectations and perceptions of service were undertaken. The major finding of the study indicates, AA-LRT passengers’ perceptions of service quality delivered were lower than their expectations, the highest gaps were given by AA-LRT passengers towards the comfort, reliability, assurance and empathy attributes, whereas lowest gaps were given to tangibility and responsiveness and the overall passengers satisfaction levels towards the service delivered was slightly not satisfactory. The finding also reveals that positive and significant relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that AA-LRT needs to improve quality of services in all dimensions so as to satisfy customer’s needs and should focus to top rated attributes with their gaps size; frequency and punctuality of train, availability of shelters and seats at stations, individual attentions to pregnant women, children, old and handicapped peoples, suffocation due to overload and more stand passengers in train, informing passengers whenever there are delays, safety and security of passengers both at stations and on the train and ticketing system. Keywords: Service quality, Service quality dimension, SERVQUAL, RAILQUAL, Customer Expectation, Customer Perception, Customer Satisfaction. DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/74-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

The Experience of Sailboat Crews in Dealing with Emergencies during the Accident in Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Phenomenology

Ship accidents create emergencies and affect victims, both physically and psychologically. Human error and extreme weather are still the main causes of ship accidents. The crew of the ship, especially the skipper, has an important role and responsibility in ensuring the safety and security of passengers while on the ship. This study is a phenomenology study that aimed to explore the experience of the sailboat crew in dealing with an emergency during an accident in Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Data collection using in-depth interviews with six crew members who have experienced accidents with tourist passengers. The interview result was recorded and transcribed by the researcher and data were then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) which consisted of six steps of analysis (Reading and re-reading, Initial Noting, Developing Emergent Themes, Searching for Connections Across Emergent Themes, Moving the Next Cases, and Looking for Patterns Across Cases). The results of this study indicate that the crew always tries to save passengers by utilizing the safety equipment available onboard. Although other results indicate that the crew felt that the ship accident was a disaster that occurred outside of the human will, or was not crew negligence.

Experimental and numerical prediction and comprehensive compensation of springback in cold roll forming of UHSS

Ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS), for instance, dual phase (DP) and martensitic steels, get growing challenges in strip metal forming processes of car industry manufacturing to achieve lightweight and improve passenger security. Predict and compensate for springback is still a major problems to be solved in cold roll forming (CRF) for complex section materials. In this study, the springback performance UHSS in cold roll forming is discussed by simulation and experimental methods. At the same time, one 3D FEA model was established to analyze the CRF process by COPPA RF and MSC MARC, in which planar swift’s model, anisotropic Hill’s 48 model, and Yid2000-2d model in the company with Yoshida-Uemori kinematic hardening pattern were investigated. Automobile threshold section CRF experiment and springback evaluation carried out through the comparison of numerical results. Considering Yoshida-Uemori kinematic hardening, the anisotropic Yid2000-2d model improves the springback prediction accuracy in CRF car threshold section in comparison with other models. The improved model is used to compensate the springback of product. A new method is proposed, which takes into account angle overbending compensation (AOC), small radius compensation (SRC), and revere-bending compensation (RBC) based on roll shape design. The method, which we call “USTB-Durable Integration of Springback Control (UDI),” is general for it considers the fact radius and angle would occur during springback. Compared with the AOC, SRC, and RBC method, the new method has higher precision especially for the springback compensation of ultra-high-strength complex section in CRF. The researchers are expected to conduct design engineer to calculate and compensate the springback trend before applying roller design to actual production.

Cost-Effective and Smart Text Sensing and Spotting in Blurry Scene Images Using Deep Networks

An intelligent transportation system facilitates smart services and applications that can revolutionize the traffic and travel experience. Driver assistance system is a crucial part of such a system that helps to improve the safety and security of passengers by mitigating on-road collisions and potential hazards. The precise sensing (localization) and spotting of scene texts and traffic signs are important for achieving higher performance in real-time. It is however affected by motion blur and camera shake noise, which makes the process of spotting complex. In this paper, we propose a robust text spotter, denoted by Blurred TextSpotter, for efficient and cost-effective spotting in blurry scene images. We address different noises, like a motion blur, Gaussian blur, camera shake noise, and inter-class interference. We apply a multi-scale contextual information enriched encoder-decoder based backbone network followed by a spatial and channel-wise attentions. We predict text masks and accurately classify words using a hardware-efficient recognition module. The experimental results on five publicly available benchmark datasets show the efficiency of the proposed text spotter in terms of detection, recognition, and spotting of curve text instances in scene images.

Real-Time Abnormal Event Detection for Enhanced Security in Autonomous Shuttles Mobility Infrastructures

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are already operating on the streets of many countries around the globe. Contemporary concerns about AVs do not relate to the implementation of fundamental technologies, as they are already in use, but are rather increasingly centered on the way that such technologies will affect emerging transportation systems, our social environment, and the people living inside it. Many concerns also focus on whether such systems should be fully automated or still be partially controlled by humans. This work aims to address the new reality that is formed in autonomous shuttles mobility infrastructures as a result of the absence of the bus driver and the increased threat from terrorism in European cities. Typically, drivers are trained to handle incidents of passengers’ abnormal behavior, incidents of petty crimes, and other abnormal events, according to standard procedures adopted by the transport operator. Surveillance using camera sensors as well as smart software in the bus will maximize the feeling and the actual level of security. In this paper, an online, end-to-end solution is introduced based on deep learning techniques for the timely, accurate, robust, and automatic detection of various petty crime types. The proposed system can identify abnormal passenger behavior such as vandalism and accidents but can also enhance passenger security via petty crimes detection such as aggression, bag-snatching, and vandalism. The solution achieves excellent results across different use cases and environmental conditions.

Hierarchical Anomaly Detection Model for In-Vehicle Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

The communication and connectivity functions of vehicles increase their vulnerability to hackers. The unintended failure and malfunction of in-vehicle systems caused by external factors threaten the security and safety of passengers. As the controller area network alone cannot protect vehicles from external attacks, techniques to analyze and detect external attacks are required. Therefore, we propose a multi-labeled hierarchical classification (MLHC) intrusion detection model that analyzes and detects external attacks caused by message injection. This model quickly determines the occurrence of attacks and classifies the attack using only existing classified attack data. We evaluated the performance of the model by analyzing its learning space. We further verified the model by comparing its accuracy, F1 score and data learning and evaluation times with the two layers multi-class detection (TLMD) and single-layer multi-class classification (SLMC) models. The simulation results show that the MLHC model has the highest F1 score of 0.9995 and is 87.30% and 99.92% faster than the SLMC and TLMD models in terms of detection time, respectively. Consequently, the proposed model can classify both the type and existence or absence of attacks with high accuracy and can be used in interior communication environments of high-speed vehicles with a high throughput.

Architecture of the global navigation satellite system for maritime applications

This paper introduces architecture of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) networks in the function of the maritime space communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) for enhanced navigation and positioning of vessels deploying passive, active and hybrid global determination satellite systems (GDSS) networks. These GNSS networks have to enhance safety and control oceangoing ships in navigation across the ocean and inland waters, to improve logistics and freight of goods, security of crew and passengers onboard ships. The maritime GNSS networks integrated with geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite constellations are providing important global satellite augmentation systems (GSAS) architecture, which is established by two first generations known GNSS as GNSS-1 infrastructures. The GNSS-1 network is the composition of two subnets such as the US global position system (GPS) and Russian global satellite navigation system (GLONASS). Both GNSS-1 networks play a significant contribution in very precise timing, tracking, guidance, determination and navigation of the oceangoing ships. At this point, both GNSS-1 networks, GPS and GLONASS, are used in maritime and many other mobile and fixed applications to provide enhanced accuracy and high integrity monitoring usable for positioning of the oceangoing ships. To provide improvements of GNSS-1 network it will be necessary to carry out their augmentation within several regional satellite augmentation systems (RSAS) as integration parts of GSAS infrastructures.

Modelling passenger interaction process (PIP) framework using ISM and MICMAC approach

This research paper seeks to build a theoretical framework considering the contextual relationship between outcome/enabler(s) that encompasses during passenger interaction process (PIP) while using Mumbai suburban train services. On-site observations, self-travelling experience and opinions of daily travelling passengers have been used to form structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM). Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) has been adopted to develop PIP quality model framework and subsequently, MICMAC approach is used to investigate driving and dependence power of the outcome/enabler(s). The PIP quality model framework portrays that passenger satisfaction is top level consequential outcome perceived through passenger safety, comfort and security which is derived from smooth PIP. However, smooth PIP is reliant on a combination of enablers. The understanding of outcome/enabler(s) and their hierarchical relationship, driving and dependence power should instigate authorities to reengineer PIP especially for overcrowded suburban stations in Mumbai.This topic is researched keeping in mind daily apprehensions of millions of passengers those who travel by Mumbai suburban trains. Undoubtedly, findings of this research may lay down a foundation for authorities to reengineer PIP to enhance passenger satisfaction. In future, this study can be extended and validated by undertaking simulation and experimentation in the real environment.

Solution for using security technology in travel services

The purpose of this research is to develop technology so that it can be used in transportation modes, one of which is “Travel” transportation. The method used in this security technology is the ‘action research’ which aims to develop new knowledge products to solve problems with direct application in the real field. The results of this security solution research proved to be effective and efficient in helping travel parties to monitor employees, the location of vehicles and passengers who were given a sense of security, comfort and trust in choosing the travel service. This is because passengers often feel restless because of lack of security facilities, therefore a security system is needed that can be a security and comfort solution for passengers. It is expected that the application of this system can be applied by travel service providers and other public transportation.