Passenger Route Research Articles

Investigating the Relationships Among Security Communications, Passenger’s Awareness and Satisfaction Toward Preflight Security Checks

ABSTRACT Objective: This study proposes the conceptual framework to verify the relationship among preflight security communications and passengers’ awareness of dangerous goods and satisfaction of security checks. Background: All air transport stakeholders strive to ensure aviation’s safety and security. As key players, airlines and airports must comply with International Air Transport Association and International Civil Aviation Organization regulations, so they usually establish strict security mechanisms to prevent possible accidents resulting from passengers bringing dangerous goods on board. However, excessive or unnecessary security checks often cause inconvenience for passengers, who are dissatisfied with security checks and may be discouraged from flying again. Method: With 300 valid questionnaires collected from domestic route passengers in Taiwan, analysis of variance and structural equation modeling were conducted to explore the differences in the passengers’ awareness of dangerous goods and the impacts of security communications and awareness of dangerous goods on the satisfaction with the security checks. Results: Older and retired passengers are prone to have relatively low awareness about dangerous goods. Among the 3 types of preflight security communications, counter and website communications had stronger impacts on passengers’ satisfaction of security checks. Conclusion: This research built a research framework on security communication, awareness of dangerous goods, and satisfaction of security checks for aviation operators and administrative authorities to design more effective security communication methods to improve aviation safety and security.

Taking the path less travelled: Valuation of denied boarding in crowded public transport systems

Abstract Many public transport networks worldwide experience high crowding levels. Overcrowding can result in passengers not able to board the first arriving vehicle. We infer how waiting time induced by being denied boarding in crowded public transport systems is valued by passengers, based on observed passenger route choice behaviour. For this purpose, we estimate a revealed preference route choice model based on passenger and vehicle movement data. As denied boarding typically occurs only at specific locations and within strict time bands, whilst its occurrence is notoriously uncertain, we propose additional constraints to generate an appropriate choice set for which observed route choices can be used to estimate denied boarding perceptions. We found that the additional waiting time caused by denied boarding is valued 68% more negatively compared to the initial waiting time. On average, one minute of initial and denied boarding wait time are perceived as 1.62 and 2.72 min on-board an uncrowded vehicle, respectively. Not incorporating this more negative denied boarding wait time valuation can result in an underestimation of the passenger and societal impact of overcrowding in public transport systems. Moreover, it can underestimate the benefits of potential crowding relief measures and as such underestimate the benefit-cost ratio of these measures.

A method for the probabilistic assessment of the on-board comfort on a passenger vessel route

The intense maritime traffic of modern days requires that a considerable attention be paid toward the comfort of ships not only as design criteria, but also as a means of assessing the quality of navigation in service conditions. Certain passenger routes and ship dimensions are more vulnerable than others to rough weather and the current climate changes require adaptation of design and navigation warning strategies.The main aim of the paper is to describe a method to derive a probabilistic representation of the comfort of passengers and crew on a selected route. AIS data is used to identify and characterise the chosen route. The seakeeping properties of the principal ships are evaluated employing a strip theory code. Detailed wave hindcast data is then employed to build state-of-the-art wave scatter diagrams along the route which allow the calculation of the ship responses for each sea state and the associated probability. The Motion Sickness Incidence is finally used as a comparative measure of the overall on-board comfort experienced on a variety of passenger vessels.

Research on Customized Passenger Route Optimization Based on Improved Genetic Algorithms

In view of the passenger travel demand changing from popularization to high quality and customization, a customized passenger route planning method with multi-departure point and multi-arrival point is proposed, and a customized passenger route optimization model with the minimum total cost for enterprise operation and passenger travel time is established. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization model. Finally, the feasibility of the optimization method and the effectiveness of the improved genetic algorithm are verified by a practical case.

Derivation of train arrival timings through correlations from individual passenger farecard data

In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the timings at which trains arrive and depart from stations using passenger farecard data and knowledge of the network topology. The problem we consider is essential for understanding commuter movement patterns across metro systems at high granular detail in settings where one does not have access to train logs (comprising records of train arrival and departure timings) or when these records are unreliable. Our technique requires as input the timings at which passengers arrive and depart from station—these are easily retrievable from farecard data—and provide as output an estimate of the number of trains running as well as the timings at which each train arrives and departs at each station. Our method relies on two key observations: (1) passengers tend to exit metro stations as soon as they alight and (2) we can reliably conclude that groups of passengers who board at the same stop but alight at different stops were on the same train if their boarding timings have similar distributions. In contrast with prior works, our methodology is stand-alone in that it does not rely on external sources of information such as train schedules and it requires minimal parameter tuning. In addition, because a by-product of our method is that we infer the trains for which passengers board, our techniques can be employed as a pre-processing step for downstream tasks such as inferring passenger route choices. We apply our method to recover train logs using synthetically generated data as well as actual ticketing data of passengers in the Singapore metro network. Experiments on synthetic data show that our method reliably recovers train logs even with moderate levels of overcrowding on train platforms.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РІВНЯ ЯКОСТІ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОСЛУГ НА ПРИМІСЬКИХ АВТОБУСНИХ МАРШРУТАХ

The article addresses the problems of the evaluation methodology improvement of the transport service efficiency and quality provided to passengers on suburban bus routes in accordance with the modern management system requirements. The purpose of the study is to provide practical recommendations to motor transport enterprises following which they can improve the level of service provided to suburban bus route passengers, as well as to provide a structured approach that will allow transport organizations to respond objectively and reasonably to requests resulting from new passenger transportation needs. For a comprehensive assessment of quantitative and qualitative transport service indicators, the evaluation method of the transport service efficiency is proposed. This approach makes it possible to reflect the transport service level both through the prism of enterprises` operation efficiency and the quality of transport service provision. The results of the study are of practical importance in the application of such methods in motor transport enterprises` activity providing the necessary information for management in modern business conditions.

Line planning and passenger routing problem with application to the Quito transportation system

Line planning and passenger routing problem with application to the Quito transportation system

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МАРШРУТУ ПАСАЖИРСЬКОЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ З УРАХУВАННЯМ КРИТЕРІЇВ ЯКОСТІ ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ПАСАЖИРІВ ТА КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ

This article examines the analysis of the functioning of the urban passenger transport system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Parameters of indicators of passengers' quality of services on routes flights are defined by means of software of discrete-event simulation modeling. The proposed simulation model of the system «passenger - stop - passenger vehicle» is considered in terms of the theory of queuing systems. The object of study - aspects of the functioning of the urban passenger transport system in pandemic conditions. The purpose of the work is to investigate the requirements for the organization and functioning of the urban passenger transport system in pandemic conditions to increase the efficiency of the transport complex of the country. The research method - research and analysis of the urban passenger transport system functioning in different conditions. The operation of the urban passenger transport system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic requires its revision and compliance with current safety standards, which will create a competitive transport system and efficient infrastructure, scientifically justify the construction of schedules and calculation of fares. It is proposed to determine the parameters of passenger service quality on flights of passenger routes using software discrete-event simulation, where the proposed simulation model of the system «passenger - stop - passenger vehicle» is considered in terms of the theory of queuing systems. To take into account the conditions of quarantine restrictions on the occupancy of the passenger vehicle, it is necessary to take into account the restrictions on the maximum number of passengers in the simulation models. Performing a series of runs of the simulation model determine the interval between flights on the route of urban passenger transport system, which meets the quality of passenger service, and, accordingly, does not violate the rights of citizens while receiving transport services. KEYWORDS: RIDERSHIP, ROUTES, FLIGHT, PASSENGER VEHICLE, PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM, QUALITY OF PASSENGER SERVICE, QUARANTINE, QUEUING SYSTEM, EVENT DISCRETE SIMULATION

Estimating impacts of covid19 on transport capacity in railway networks

Due to the covid19 crisis, public transport (PT) systems are facing new challenges. Regarding restrictive measures such as physical distancing and the successive returning of passengers after the “intelligent lockdown”, significant lack of transport capacity can be expected. In this paper, the transport capacity of a PT network is assessed, using a mathematical passenger route choice and train scheduling model. By analysing the overall number of transported passengers and the resulting link and train utilization; the networks capabilities of facilitating different demands under capacity restrictions (e.g. physical distancing) are addressed. The analysis is performed on the Dutch railway network. The results show that at most 50% of the pre-covid19 demand can be transported, while most of the trains will be highly utilized reaching their maximum occupation. Thus, significantly more parts of the network are becoming highly utilized, leading to a more congested and vulnerable system than in normal conditions before covid19.

CPT Model-Based Prediction of the Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Passenger Flow for Urban Rail Transit under Emergency Conditions

Emergencies have a significant impact on the passenger flow of urban rail transit. It is of great practical significance to accurately predict the urban rail transit passenger flow and carry out research on its temporal and spatial distributions under emergency conditions. Urban rail transit operating units currently use video surveillance information mainly to process emergencies and rarely use computer vision technology to analyze passenger flow information collected. Accordingly, this paper proposes a passenger flow-based temporal and spatial distribution model for urban rail transit emergencies based on the CPT. First, this paper clarifies the categories and classification of urban rail transit emergencies, analyzes the factors affecting passenger route selection, and establishes a generalized travel cost model for passengers under emergencies. Second, this paper establishes a passenger route choice behavior model for urban rail transit based on the cumulative prospect theory. Finally, taking Beijing as an example, this paper analyzes passenger travel behavior under emergencies based on multiple logistic regression models and analyzes the impact of emergencies on rail transit travel behavior. The research results show that the cumulative prospect theory can better describe the route choice behavior of rail transit passengers under emergencies than the existing models, and this model is of great significance for handling urban rail transit emergencies. The model proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate traffic management measures.

Integrated railway timetable rescheduling and dynamic passenger routing during a complete blockage

Trains normally run as scheduled in a non-disrupted situation. However, due to external and/or internal factors, trains may deviate from their original timetable during daily operations. To this end, the involved dispatchers are required to reschedule disrupted trains to efficiently transport delayed passengers to their destinations as soon as possible. In this study, we focus on train rescheduling in a seriously disrupted situation where a track segment is completely blocked for a relatively long period of time, e.g., two hours. In this situation, trains cannot pass the disrupted segment, meaning that passengers will be unable to travel as scheduled. We simultaneously rescheduled trains and passenger routes from both the operator’s and passengers’ perspectives. This integrated train rescheduling and passenger rerouting problem was formulated with an Integer Linear Programming model based on a space-time network. We decomposed the integrated model into two subproblems, a train rescheduling problem and a passenger routing problem, using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Both subproblems could be further decomposed into a series of shortest path problems for trains or passengers, and solved by a dynamic programming algorithm. Finally, we tested our models and algorithms on both a small hypothetical railway network and a part of the Chinese high-speed railway network.

Periodic Timetabling with Integrated Routing: Toward Applicable Approaches

Periodic timetabling is an important, yet computationally challenging, problem in public transportation planning. The usual objective when designing a timetable is to minimize passenger travel time. However, in most approaches, it is ignored that the routes of the passengers depend on the timetable, so handling their routing separately leads to timetables that are suboptimal for the passengers. This has recently been recognized, but integrating the passenger routing in the optimization is computationally even harder than solving the classic periodic timetabling problem. In our paper, we develop an exact preprocessing method for reducing the problem size and a heuristic reduction approach in which only a subset of the passengers is considered. It provides upper and lower bounds on the objective value, such that it can be adjusted with respect to quality and computation time. Together, we receive an approach that is applicable for real-world problems. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the approach on a benchmark example and on three close-to-real-world instances. Furthermore, we prove that the ratio between the classic problem without routing and the problem with integrated routing is bounded under weak and realistic assumptions.

Strategic Planning for Integrated Mobility-on-Demand and Urban Public Bus Networks

App-based services and ridesharing in the field of mobility-on-demand (MoD) create a new mode of transport between motorized individual transport and public transportation whose long-term role in the urban mobility landscape and within public transport systems is not fully understood as of today. For the public transport industry, these new services offer new chances but also risks, making planning models and tools for integrated intermodal network planning indispensable. We develop a strategic network planning optimization model for bus lines that allows for intermodal trips with MoD as a first or last leg. Starting from an existing public transport network, we decide simultaneously on the use of existing line segments in the future fixed-route network, on areas of the city where an integrated MoD service should be offered, on how MoD interacts with the fixed-route network via transfer points, and on passenger routes fulfilling given service-level requirements. The main challenges from a modeling point of view are to capture the interplay between MoD services and the fixed public network, as well as the approximation of MoD costs taking into account that vehicle utilization is a key factor influencing these costs. We develop a path-based formulation and a branch-and-price algorithm, as well as an enhanced enumeration-based approach, to solve real-world instances to proven optimality. The solution methods are tested on instances generated with the help of real-world data from a medium-sized German city, Göttingen, that currently operates around 20 bus lines.

Toward Sustainable Ferry Routes in Korea: Analysis of Operational Efficiency Considering Passenger Mobility Burdens

With its long coastline, and numerous inlets and offshore islands, coastal ferry industries play a vital role in Korean maritime transportation. This study focuses on the southwestern part of Korea, Mokpo (which has the most inhabited islands and the highest proportion of elderly island residents), and aims to evaluate the impact of passengers’ mobility burdens on the efficiency of ferry routes to achieve a better service for passengers. Integrated principal component analysis–data envelopment analysis and a fuzzy C-means clustering method were applied to analyze the efficiency of ferry routes in the Mokpo area. The efficiency results indicate that longer routes do not always achieve high-efficiency scores. The proportion of general passengers appears to influence the efficiency improvements of both general and subsidiary ferry routes. These findings can assist in better comprehending the relationship between passengers’ mobility burdens and ferry route efficiencies; this will enable the authorities and ferry management departments to develop appropriate policies and strategies and to reconstruct certain features of the inefficient routes, thereby increasing operational efficiency, reducing mobility burdens, and improving the convenience of ferry travel and sustainability of Korean passenger routes.

Passenger Ship Evacuation Analysis with Fire Risk Assessment Approach Using NFPA 551

Based on ship accident data by Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) from 2018 to 2019, there was 773 ship accidents and 21 of those accidents caused by fire, evacuation process when accident occurred is very important. When it is not working, the number of fatalities will be high. The more number of passengers, the more number fatalities if the evacuation process is not good. Evacuation failure are generally caused by trapped passengers in rooms aboard. Therefore an analysis of passenger evacuation is carried out to determine the risk level of the evacuation route has been created by the designer. The method used in this study uses a model analysis Fire Risk Assessment based on NFPA 551 with a qualitative checklist method. The analysis shows the evacuation route for this research object has not met the passenger safety criteria (SOLAS) related to the number of escape routes both primary and secondary which is lacking and inappropriate and subsequently for evacuation routes passengers pass through areas with a high level of fire risk ranking is 5, therefore re-arrangement of evacuation routes is needed to avoid areas of high fire risk or by re-arrangement of the galley location, especially on the 3rd deck.

EVALUATION METHODS OF THE QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF SUBURBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES

The article addresses the problems of the evaluation methodology improvement of the transport service efficiency and quality provided to passengers on suburban bus routes in accordance with the modern management system requirements. The purpose of the study is to provide practical recommendations to motor transport enterprises following which they can improve the level of service provided to suburban bus route passengers, as well as to provide a structured approach that will allow transport organizations to respond objectively and reasonably to requests resulting from new passenger transportation needs. The peculiarities of public transport enterprises` activities and passenger transportation organization in suburban traffic are investigated in the paper, which is taken into account in the development of the basic activity efficiency and passenger service quality evaluation method. For a comprehensive assessment of quantitative and qualitative transport service indicators, the evaluation method of the transport service efficiency is proposed. According to the standards of the passenger service quality system, there are certain requirements related to the understanding of all processes by personnel, proper application, the provision of necessary resources, the satisfaction of passengers` demands and expectations, environmental impact and societal needs as well as the prevention of negative situations and their elimination after their occurrence. As a result, this approach makes it possible to reflect the transport service level both through the prism of enterprises ` operation efficiency and the quality of transport service provision. Thus, the results of the study are of practical importance in the application of such methods in motor transport enterprises` activity providing the necessary information for management in modern business conditions.

Design of Flexible Vehicle Scheduling Systems for Sustainable Paratransit Services

The aging population has led to an increase in the variety and volume of transportation demands by people facing travel difficulties. Hence, transportation organisations need to provide flexible and sustainable paratransit services to meet these increasing demands. In this study, we investigate the design of flexible vehicle scheduling systems in order for a community organisation to serve more people and achieve higher operational efficiency. We analyse and propose a system design based on user requirements for different types of paratransit types. Further, we identify an integrated service option and process flow for dial-a-ride passengers to ride on a vehicle with schedule route passengers. Because this option involves a complex decision, we formulate the problem as a two-stage decision model. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed design, we perform numerical simulations and conduct a case study by collaborating with a transportation organisation. We found that the proposed system would enable the organisation to serve more people with fewer vehicles but without an increase in the travelling time. These results demonstrate the importance of a flexible vehicle scheduling system for accessible transportation organisations to sustain their service operations.

MODELING OF OPTIMAL ROUTES OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION OF THE TRANSPORT COMPANY

The purpose of the article is to build a model for optimizing passenger transport routes. The research used econometric methods to predict the demand for transportation and genetic algorithms for the formation of optimal routes of the transport company. The process of logistics optimization is very complex so an efficient NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The algorithm for generating the initial set of routes is based on intuitive observation, maximizing the demand for travel, which is a key component when designing a logistics network. As a result of managing the efficiency of the system, we received a certain set of routes and balancing the costs of passengers and the carrier. It is concluded that route optimization allows companies to optimize business functions, to include parameters that they usually use to increase business efficiency as part of planning. The company's existing route selection system and traffic information are used in building the model. The study showed that various factors influenced the decisions of operators, including the characteristics of the trip, perception of the reliability of traffic reports. Another research found that providing high-quality information strongly influences the organization of the route planning process. Analysis of data on passenger demand for bus transportation shows that the data has a monthly seasonality. And the best models for forecasting passenger traffic are ARIMA, BATS and STL models. The characteristics of models (ME, RMSE, MAE, MPE, MAPE, MASE, ACF1) were determined to evaluate the best forecasting model. The lower these values, the better the model for predicting time series. Thus, it is recommended to use the ARIMA model to forecast the volume of passengers in the marketing department of the carrier. Due to the correct algorithm of construction and evaluation of route efficiency, the productivity of operators and drivers increases, as the constructed routes are optimized depending on the location of departure and destination points, vehicle and ancillary transportation services. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is to take into account the cost of passenger time and the productivity of the company's staff. The value of the proposed model for forecasting demand and optimizing passenger routes is that it allowed the company to reduce costs by 10.82%. Keywords: transport network, effective route, operating costs, genetic algorithm, ARIMA model.

Development of a Mathematical Model to Calculate Passenger Journeys on a Route According to the Entry and Exit Data

The random variable of passenger journeys between any two stopping points on a route (passenger correspondence) represents a discrete variable. For each value of the discrete random variable, its probability is calculated. As a solution to the problem of determining the number of corresponding passengers between two stopping points on a route, we take the most probable value of the random variable.

SIMULATION MODELING OF PARAMETERS OF FUNCTIONING OF RAILWAY PROJECTS

The speed of communication on any route, directly and indirectly through the function of redistribution of traffic volumes, causes an increase in the number of movements, traffic volumes, transport work, in the network of the appropriate type, at the same time the values of the medium system coefficient of passenger capacity use and the number of vehicles may vary both in the direction of the increase and vice versa. The results of the calculations of the basic parameters of the functioning of intercity passenger route systems for various values of the speed of communication on intercity railway routes established the appropriate mathematical model for determining the parameters of this passenger communication. The conducted analysis of simulation methods has determined the possibility of using for the determination of quantitative parameters for changing the basic indicators of the operation of the system of intercity passenger route methods of mathematical and computer simulation. The results of the work determined the basic indicators of the functioning of the system of intercity passenger route transportation. These indicators include: the number of movements in the network; volume of transportation; transfer ratio; transport work; average distance of the route; average distance of the network ride; medium coefficient of passenger capacity use; required number of buses / cars. According to the analysis of the methods and models of calculations of the basic indicators of the functioning of the system of intercity passenger traffic, it was assumed that the change in the quantitative characteristics of the parameters entering into the system or the quantitative characteristics of its elements may lead to a change in the quantitative indicators of the functioning of the system itself or its individual elements. Keywords: transport system, intercity passenger transport route, basic parameters of transportation, efficien-cy, model.