Passenger Identification Research Articles

Bus passenger counts using Wi-Fi signals: some cautionary findings

Analisa-se a viabilidade de pesquisas sobre usuários de ônibus com base na detecção de endereços MAC WiFi de dispositivos portáteis. A motivação para o estudo decorre da aparente contradição entre casos de sucesso publicados na literatura e resultados de experimentos de campo que realizamos. Requisitos para identificação adequada de passageiros de ônibus são usados como base para avaliar as capacidades do hardware e software de detecção comumente disponíveis. Mais especificamente, os intervalos de tempo decorridos entre as detecções do mesmo dispositivo são tomados como requisito para a determinação do estado do portador do dispositivo e, portanto, a identificação deste como passageiro. Por exemplo, ao realizar pesquisas de embarque e desembarque com equipamentos de detecção instalados a bordo, é necessário que várias detecções ocorram logo após o embarque do passageiro e antes do desembarque, permitindo assim uma estimativa precisa da origem e destino da viagem. Resultados experimentais em ensaios controlados e não controlados indicam que os componentes disponíveis no mercado com software de código aberto podem não fornecer detecções bem-sucedidas. No experimento controlado, encontramos tempos de 40 s para a primeira detecção de 86% dos dispositivos e uma média de 80 s para a segunda detecção de dispositivos. Para o experimento não controlado de viagens em ônibus com carregamento médio, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as contagens manuais e os dispositivos detectados. Como resultado dessas observações empíricas, recomenda-se uma avaliação cuidadosa dos esquemas de detecção existentes usados nas pesquisas de número de passageiros.

Noiseless coding algorithm based on cognitive processing of biometric data in system of digital identification of passengers

The new approach to increasing the reliability and validity of the transmission of biometric information in the digital passenger identification system based on the use of noiseless coding algorithms with elements of cognitive data processing is presented in the article. Reed-Solomon non-binary codes as best suited for protecting digitized images are given to use in the proposed permutation decoding method data protection against errors. When integrating the cognitive map into the model of the permutation decoder, it is possible to implement the learning function. The training consists in that the decoder records the results of the transformations of the generating matrices of equivalent codes into the memory of a cognitive map using a ready solution under the conditions of permutations repetition. Thereby, a reduction in the volume of arithmetic calculations is achieved with use of only fast matrix transformations. The proposed method has a number of properties allowing one to reduce the e memory cognitive maps volume. The simulation results have shown that the implementation of the proposed method makes it possible to gain speeding up the calculations by reducing the number of operations.

Transporting Children in Autonomous Vehicles: An Exploratory Study.

Identify factors that impact parents' decisions about allowing an unaccompanied child to ride in an autonomous vehicle (AV). AVs are being tested in several U.S. cities and on highways in multiple states. Meanwhile, suburban parents are using ridesharing services to shuttle children from school to extracurricular activities. Parents may soon be able to hire AVs to transport children. Nineteen parents of 8- to 16-year-old children, and some of their children, rode in a driving simulator in autonomous mode, then were interviewed. Parents also participated in focus groups. Topics included minimum age for solo child passengers, types of trips unaccompanied children might take, and vehicle features needed to support child passengers. Parents would require two-way audio communication and prefer video feeds of vehicle interiors, seatbelt checks, automatic locking, secure passenger identification, and remote access to vehicle information. Parents cited convenience as the greatest benefit and fear that AVs could not protect passengers during unplanned trip interruptions as their greatest concern. Manufacturers have an opportunity to design family-friendly AVs from the outset, rather than retrofit them to be safe for child passengers. More research, especially usability studies where families interact with technology prototypes, is needed to understand how AV design impacts child passengers. Potential applications of this research include not only designing vehicles that can be used to safely transport children, seniors who no longer drive, and individuals with disabilities but also developing regulations, policies, and societal infrastructure to support safe child transport via AVs.

Driver and Passenger Identification From Smartphone Data

The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it presents a brief overview of existing driver and passenger identification or recognition approaches, which rely on smartphone data. This includes listing the typically available sensory measurements and highlighting a few key practical considerations for automotive settings. Second, a simple identification method that utilizes the smartphone inertial measurements and, possibly, doors signal is proposed. It is based on analyzing the user behavior during entry, namely, the direction of turning, and extracting relevant salient features, which are distinctive depending on the side of entry to the vehicle. This is followed by applying a suitable classifier and decision criterion. Experimental data is shown to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the introduced probabilistic, low-complexity, identification technique.

Economic and Mathematical Modeling of the Quality of Services Provided by the Urban Passenger Transport Infrastructure Us-ing Nonfinancial Indicators

The article reviews the issues of justifying the expediency of using financial indicators to assess the quality of passenger transportation and identification of the main factors that influence the quality of transportation. An economic and mathematical model of the passenger transportation quality using nonfinancial indicators was developed in the study.It was proposed to use a mathematical toolkit of the theory of queuing systems (QS) to study the operation of the route of the urban passenger transport system (UPTS).

MODERN CONCEPT OF DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION OF AIR PASSENGERS

The article presents the main provisions of the digital passenger identification concept based on the use of blockchain technology. It is summarized that the introduction of secure biometric identification of passengers at the airport will reduce the time and financial costs associated with the inspection and going through the passport and customs control. The problematic aspects of the current legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the application of this technology are analyzed. The technology Smart Path, developed by SITA is considered. The essence of this technology is the use of biometric data as a single identification taken at each stage of the journey. The possibilities of using blockchain technology as the basis of passenger identification before the departure are analyzed, while the blockchain technology eliminates the need for centralized processing and storage of personal data of air passengers. A computer science dealing with the chain of blocks based on the cryptosystem ensures the confidentiality of data and the absence of the possibility of information leakage or misuse. It is specially noted that the technology of cryptographic protection of air passengers biometric data will become an obstacle to using personal information for illegal purposes, and the capabilities of blockchain technology will allow cross-border data exchange during international flights. It is concluded that with the use of this technology, there will be no need to maintain the staff of workers responsible for document verification and control over the identification of passengers. All these functions will be replaced by a distributed database, which cannot be destroyed or hacked. On the basis of the study, it is proposed to amend the current legislation regulating the procedure for collecting and processing the personal data of airline passengers.

ADVANCE PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN IMMIGRATION CLEARANCE FOR NON-REGULER SHIP


 
 Integration of APIS into the Immigration’s information and technology system is very important and urgent to be carried out in order to assist the implementation of the Indonesian Immigration function and functions carried out by the Directorate General of Immigration to mitigate the risks arising from legal migration carried out between countries, whether in regional and global migration. APIS itself is a data communication system developed by the Government of the United States of America which contains data on passengers from operators of a commercial or private transport cororation from the country of origin, sent via electronic transmission to operators in the destination country which aims to initial identification of passengers. Article 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration has mandated the responsible transportation corporation to carry out the Integration of the APIS system is very important in relation to the implementation of the immigration function, especially in supervision. Indonesia, which is a maritime state, should implement and integrate the APIS system in the Immigration Cleaance of Non Reguler Ships in immediate fashion, currently this is still conducted semi-electronical via e-mail, this condition could provide a gap that can cause vulnerability in the implementation of the Migration Clearance, especially in the aspect of Supervision in Imigration Clearance for Non Reguler Ships. 
 
 

SOMOBIL – Improving Public Transport Planning Through Mobile Phone Data Analysis

User equitable planning of public transport (PT) is an essential requirement in order to achieve an appropriate accessibility and attractiveness. PT planning requires traffic-related data (e.g. source-target relationships) which is not available in many cases. Therefore Austrian nationwide mobile network data is used for analysis of large-scale transport relations. The research project SOMOBIL deals with the derivation of methods that enable the development of user-orientated planning solutions on the basis of floating-phone data in coordination with other available transport and mobility data for a defined area of interest. Traffic relationships of the users of public transport are analysed. Within the project, the different data sources are merged. This approach allows the visualisation of traffic relations for different modes of transport. An essential task is the development of algorithms for the identification of PT passengers. With these data, planning solutions are developed according to defined requirements, differentiated by both traffic hours and user-groups. In doing so, traffic modelling as part of at least three different planning scenarios is carried out to calculate the impacts of measures in terms of shifting users between different modes of transport. Positive impacts due to this planning process can be produced in terms of optimized travel times. Recommendations are given for the planning of public transport with floating-phone data and the use of transport modelling.

The role of biometric applications in air transport security

As the number of air passengers continues to increase worldwide, so do the security demands and challenges in the air transport industry, particularly in lieu of numerous recent terrorist attacks. One of the essential requirements in fulfilling these needs resides in the accurate and timely identification of passengers and other participants in the air transport flow. Biometrics represents identification of individuals based on their quantifiable biological characteristics in automatic pattern recognition systems and is considered one of the most reliable means for personal identification. It is, therefore, not surprising that biometric technologies have an increasing presence in the air transportation industry. The intent of this review is to familiarize readers with biometric tools aimed at establishing and maintaining high security at airports and during flight, as well as to point out promising emerging biometric applications in the field.

SIVCP용 BLE 모듈의 배터리 수명시험

Nowadays, short distance communication systems with low power energy (LPE) are developed for identification and monitoring of site identification of vessel crews and passengers (SIVCP). LPE communication modules, such as Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and Zigbee, are used for short distance communications with LPE. These modules enable 1:N communications and their popularity is growing since the modules can be mounted on movable objects, such as mobile devices and human body. When these modules are used, the important factor that affects their operation time and design are the capacity and size of battery. Therefore, they must be made as small as possible, and the battery should be selected to be slightly smaller than the module. In this study, we calculate the theoretical life of batteries used in SIVCP BLE modules using data sheet and discharge characteristic graph under the condition of a 1/250 transmission-ratio (TR). We thus calculate experimental life by measuring transmission current for the same TR, and low speed mode current for a 1/5000 TR and measure long-term experimental life using 1/25 TR for days. Through these experiments, we verify experimental methods for the prediction and extension of battery life that would enable us to select appropriate sizes of batteries based on vessel usage and passenger types. The selections of the module TR and battery size are important factors affecting the cost reduction of module design, the battery maintenance, and passenger convenience.

IJARCCE - Computer and Communication Engineering

4 Abstract: Mobile devices have larger impact in our daily life. The proposed project is concerned with ticketing and identification of the passenger in the public transport service. As seen in various metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore there are various issues and problems related to severe malfunction and security. There are various problems related to public transport like confusion and misunderstanding between the passengers regarding fares, facing the severe problem of traffic jam, having severe security problems in public transport due anti social elements. This proposed project aims to develop a user friendly, interactive automated ticketing system which will deduct the passenger's fare according to the distance travelled as well as detect the passenger's identification. This is only possible by use of Near Field Communication (NFC) cards. The project is developed using NFC technology. This project provides a NFC system that can identify passengers in public transport as well as it does all accounting purpose based on travelling fares. Automated and accurate accounting of bus transport can be used to provide useful estimates of the fare of travelling from one bus stop to another as well as the crowd density can be measured inside the bus, but in case of India measuring crowd density is of no use. Near field Communication (NFC) tags is going to be used in this project. Passenger would carry NFC card with them, when they enter into the bus they have to show the NFC card to the Conductor. The conductor will use NFC based android cell phone to read the NFC tag. Based on the distance travelled the cost would be automatically deducted. Near Field Communication is a wireless technology which allows transmitting data between two devices. NFC commonly integrated within mobile devices. This will allow the device to establish communication with another device sim card. So it can be used as a substitute of wallet in public transportation. Basically NFC has 2 different modes of data transmission:

Towards Effective Bus Transit Service in South Africa: Automated Passengers' Authentication

Today, automation driven by information technology has overtaken the usual traditional manual operation in every key sector of human endeavor. It has greatly improved both productivity level and quality of service amongst other benefits. The existing bus transit system in South Africa (SA) is still characterized by inefficient manual operations among which are poor quality of service, non-user friendly and inefficient passenger identification. The pivotal economic and developmental role played by the bus transport sector in SA measures the weight of the need to fully incorporate advanced information and communication technology tools into its operations. This requires a system that automates all the bus transit services and has the capability to authenticate passengers electronically. Therefore, this paper proposes an automated bus transit system that offers e-subscription and real-time biometric passenger authentication as a solution to the challenges faced by the bus transit industry in SA. In addition, we have developed a novel system prototype with the technology required to fill the service gap.

Profile of international air passengers intercepted with illegal animal products in baggage at Guarulhos and Galeão airports in Brazil

Protection against biological material entering a country or region through airports is important because, through them, infectious agents can quickly reach exotic destinations and be disseminated. Illegal products of animal origin may contain hazardous infectious agents that can compromise animal and public health. The aim of this study was to identify associations between possession of illegal animal products in baggage and demographic characteristics of the passengers, as well as characteristics of their travel plans in the two main Brazilian international airports. A total of 457 passengers were divided into two groups: passengers identified as carrying illegal animal products and control. Passengers identified as carrying illegal animal products not stated on the accompanied baggage declaration completed a questionnaire, to aid in profiling. Nationality, origin, age and residency of passengers were analyzed using chi square, logistic regression and odds ratios. Passengers from Eastern Europe were the most likely to enter with animal products as were those aged between 35 and 55 years. When evaluating the departure point, the highest frequency was seen in those coming from Portugal. Passenger group, reasons for travel, amount and type of baggage were available only for passengers identified as carrying illegal animal products, noting that they prefer traveling alone, for leisure, bringing few bags. Such information can contribute to the early identification of passengers that have illegal animal products in baggage at Brazilian airports.

Laser speckle decorrelation for fingerprint acquisition

Biometry is gaining popularity as a physical security approach in situations where a high level of security is necessary. Currently, biometric solutions are embedded in a very large and heterogeneous group of applications. One of the most sensible is for airport security access to boarding gates. More airports are introducing biometric solutions based on face, fingerprint or iris recognition for passenger identification. In particular, fingerprints are the most widely used biometric, and they are mandatorily included in electronic identification documents. One important issue, which is difficult to address in traditional fingerprint acquisition systems, is preventing contact between subsequent users; sebum, which can be a potential vector for contagious diseases. Currently, non-contact devices are used to overcome this problem. In this paper, a new contact device based on laser speckle decorrelation is presented. Our system has the advantage of being compact and low-cost compared with an actual contactless system, allowing enhancement of the sebum pattern imaging contrast in a simple and low-cost way. Furthermore, it avoids the spreading of contagious diseases.

COMOL: Computer-aided operations and management of the lift

A comprehensive vehicle scheduling system has been developed for the City of El Paso's LIFT transportation service. The LIFT transportation service is a bus service for the physically handicapped and the elderly and it provides door-to-door service. COMOL (Computerized Operation and Management of the LIFT) is a generalized database management system developed to manage operations similar to the operations at the LIFT. It has a modular design and consists of six interlinked modules. Each module has been developed to handle a particular subset of the entire operation. For example the Trip Request module was designed taking into consideration that the dispatcher can take in all types of trip requests within this module. All different options needed for editing of trip requests are available in this module. However, data flow between the modules ensures that this information is available to the dispatcher in the Vehicle Scheduling module. The system has been designed so that any specialized needs can be included as a separate module. The databases were carefully designed to optimize access time and the passenger identification number was chosen as the link to provide a ‘dataflow chain’ between the different databases. Productivity gains are defined in terms of number of trip requests completed per hour and the amount of additional time available to the operators to carry out scheduling. A preliminary time study carried out showed that the time required to take in a trip request using the current manual system was 135 seconds as opposed to 20 seconds required by COMOL.