Passage Level Research Articles

The development of cave passage in Donomulyo, Malang-Indonesia

The cave passages formed in Donomulyo sub–district are formed in epigenic and hypogenic conditions in coastal areas. The dominant factors form the morphological condition of the cave passage that is the existence of structural factors, underground water flow, and tectonism that affect the condition of the passage. Structural factors form the existence of linement that affect the cave passage. Underground water flow forms a passage due to the change of vadose, epipreatic, and phreatic conditions. The existence of tectonism leads to the removal of limestone into several levels of cave passage development, in addition, there is the collapse of blocks, plates, talus, and sheets. The development of the cave passage level is also related to surface physiographic, which is connected to 5 levels with marine terrace, including 244–325 masl (level 1), 182–244 masl (level 2), 111–181 masl (level 3), 30–110 masl (level 4), and 0–29 masl (level 5). The development of fifth level shows that the level limit is located in the Sengik Cave, the fourth level is located in the Jebrot Cave, and the second level is located in the Banyu Cave, these three caves are the output of the underground rivers.

High reversion potential of a cell-adapted vaccine candidate against highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Modified live vaccine (MLV) based on highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is prone to quick reversion of virulence upon circulating in host animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the virulence reversion potential of HP-PRRSV MLV and to identify elements within the HP-PRRSV genome contributing to this phenomenon.A blind passage, cell-adaptation strategy was attempted to attenuate a HP-PRRSV strain JX143, which was isolated during the atypical PRRS outbreak in 2006. Two attenuated candidates passage 87 (JXM87) and passage 105 (JXM105) used as MLVs showed the best balance of safety and efficacy in 4 week-old piglets (unpublished data). Two studies were performed during which the candidates were assessed for reversion to virulence through five back passages in susceptible piglets (21 ± 3 days of age). Both study results showed increase in clinical signs, pyrexia and lung lesions as well as decreased average daily weight gain as of passage 3 in susceptible pigs clearly, and it indicated that both candidates regained virulence, irrespective of the passage level. Increase in respective parameters was accompanied by increase in viremia in piglets: JXM87 virus titer increased from Passage 1 (P1) 4.40 Lg TCID50/mL to P4 5.75 Lg TCID50/mL, and JXM105 virus titer increased from P1 3.78 Lg TCID50/mL to P4 6.42 Lg TCID50/mL. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on clinical samples (serum, lung tissue) from P4 animals. Sequence analysis comparing P4 materials with their parental strains revealed 10 amino acid mutations in 4 proteins for JXM87 and 14 amino acid mutations in 9 proteins for JXM105, respectively. Interestingly, five amino acid mutations were identical for the two candidates, which were located in nsp1β, GP5a and nsp10 coding regions, suggesting nsp1β, GP5a and nsp10 could contribute to virulence in HP-PRRSV.

Selective fragmentation and the management of fish movement across anthropogenic barriers.

Disruption of movement patterns due to alterations in habitat connectivity is a pervasive effect of humans on animal populations. In many terrestrial and aquatic systems, there is increasing tension between the need to simultaneously allow passage of some species while blocking the passage of other species. We explore the ecological basis for selective fragmentation of riverine systems where the need to restrict movements of invasive species conflicts with the need to allow passage of species of commercial, recreational, or conservation concern. We develop a trait-based framework for selective fish passage based on understanding the types of movements displayed by fishes and the role of ecological filters in determining the spatial distributions of fishes. We then synthesize information on trait-based mechanisms involved with these filters to create a multidimensional niche space based on attributes such as physical capabilities, body morphology, sensory capabilities, behavior, and movement phenology. Following this, we review how these mechanisms have been applied to achieve selective fish passage across anthropogenic barriers. To date, trap-and-sort or capture-translocation efforts provide the best options for movement filters that are completely species selective, but these methods are hampered by the continual, high cost of manual sorting. Other less effective methods of selective passage risk collateral damage in the form of lower or higher than desired levels of passage. Fruitful areas for future work include using combinations of ecological and behavioral traits to passively segregate species; using taxon-specific chemical or auditory cues to direct unwanted species away from passageways and into physical or ecological traps while attracting desirable species to passageways; and developing automated sorting mechanisms based on fish recognition systems. The trait-based approach proposed for fish could serve as a template for selective fragmentation in other ecological systems.

Extending the Simple View of Reading to Account for Variation Within Readers and Across Texts: The Complete View of Reading (CVRi)

This study leverages advances in multivariate cross-classified random effects models to extend the Simple View of Reading to account for variation within readers and across texts, allowing for both the personalization of the reading function and the integration of the component skills and text and discourse frameworks for reading research. We illustrate the Complete View of Reading (CVRi) using data from an intensive longitudinal design study with a large sample of typical (N = 648) and struggling readers (N = 865) in middle school and using oral reading fluency as a proxy for comprehension. To illustrate the utility of the CVRi, we present a model with cross-classified random intercepts for students and passages and random slopes for growth, Lexile difficulty, and expository text type at the student level. We highlight differences between typical and struggling readers and differences across students in different grades. The model illustrates that readers develop differently and approach the reading task differently, showing differential impact of text features on their fluency. To be complete, a model of reading must be able to reflect this heterogeneity at the person and passage level, and the CVRi is a step in that direction. Implications for reading interventions and 21st century reading research in the era of "Big Data" and interest in phenotypic characterization are discussed.

Establishment and characterization of a caudal fin-derived cell line, AOF, from the Oscar, Astronotus ocellatus.

Astronotus ocellatus, commonly called the oscar, is one of the popular cichlids among aquarium hobby. The present study deals with the development and characterization of a new cell line from caudal fin of A. ocellatus. The cell line was cultured in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 28°C. The optimum temperature and FBS concentration for cell growth were tested with temperature ranges from 20 to 37°C and FBS concentrations of 5-20% at 28°C. The Astronotus ocellatus fin cell line has been subcultured 45 times since its development and the modal chromosome number (2n) is 48. The cell line is composed mainly of epithelial cells as confirmed by immunocytological technique using anti-cytokeratin antibodies. The cell line was cryopreserved at different passage levels and the revival efficiency showed 80% survival rate. Partial sequence amplification and sequencing of two genes, mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase I, confirmed the origin of cell line. The cell line did not show Mycoplasma contamination. The cells showed good transfection efficiency when transfected with 2μg of pAcGFP1-N1 expression vector. The extracellular products of fish bacterial pathogens viz., Aeromonas hydrophila and A. caviae, were cytotoxic to AOF cells but were not susceptible to Cyprinid herpes virus 2. The development of AOF cell line will have significant applications in fish virology and will prove useful to isolate pathogens in the event of sudden viral disease outbreak and for the development of vaccines and diagnostic kits.

Integrating syntax‐semantic‐based text analysis with structural and citation information for scientific plagiarism detection

The objective of the work is to explore the potency of integrating structural and citation information with effective syntax‐semantic text‐based analysis for scientific plagiarism detection. One of the major limitations in today's plagiarism checkers is their sole dependence on text‐based detection, where they ignore the citation and structural information. Further, the text‐based detection approaches that they employ usually fail to trace out intelligent manipulations. In the proposed work, a plagiarism detection system is presented that employs the effective coupling of various modules, namely, logical structure classifications and citation parsing, two‐stage candidate document selections, syntax‐semantic‐based exhaustive passage level analysis with plagiarism analysis using structural and citation information. Further, a new plagiarism score, namely, weighted overall similarity index is proposed, opposed to the general plagiarism scores. The proposed approach is evaluated on the data set created by Alzahrani et al. (), which contains scientific publications imposed with various plagiarism complexities. Comparison of the final system results is done against a potential baseline approach. The proposed approach exhibits considerable improvement over the comparative baseline, and hence reflects the potency of syntax‐semantic text‐based analysis with structural and citation information.

Textual demands of passages in three english/language arts common core assessments and one core literacy program for intermediate elementary grades

The Common Core has emphasized reading for comprehension, including making inferences. However, little is known about the textual demands found within assessment and instructional passages that are promoted as being in line with Common Core expectations. The purpose of this content analysis was to identify the readability levels, passage length, and types of inferences found within 72 fiction and nonfiction passages from the PARCC, Smarter Balanced, and SAGE Common Core assessments and one core literacy program, Journeys, for students in grades three, four, and five. Results show that the readability levels of passages in this study were written at higher levels than their associated grade levels. Anaphoric relationships were by far the most common inference type found in the texts, followed by Prior Knowledge and Retrospective inferences.

ЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНШОМОВНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ЛІКАРЯ ТА ЕТАПИ ЇЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ

The article deals with the significance of students’ foreign language communicative competence formation as the important component of future doctor’s professional competence. Communication with patients occurs during all stages of medical practice; as a consequence, effectiveness of doctor’s professional activity mainly depends on speaking skills. Taking into consideration the necessity of continuous professional development with the possibility of receiving information from different sources, knowledge of English becomes an integral part of doctor’s professional training. Thus, foreign language communicative competence formation is determined as the main aim of medical students’ professional training in English for their ability to communicate in international professional society. Vocabulary component is established as the core constituent of future doctors’ foreign language communicative competence formation. Its formation is offered to organize into three stages: visual and language semantization, automation of vocabulary skills at a passage level, automation of vocabulary skills at a text level. Special tasks and activities were developed for each stage. Following them creates an opportunity to encourage discussions among students and in this way improve their foreign language communicative competence. It is considered as the one of the most important competencies of modern doctor which allows enhancing competitive ability of future doctors in the context of globalization and internationalization of society.

Would Adults with Autism be less likely to Bury the Survivors? An Eye Movement Study of Anomalous Text Reading.

In a single eye movement experiment we investigated the effects of context on the time course of local and global anomaly processing during reading in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In one condition short paragraph texts contained anomalous target words. Detection of the anomaly was only possible through evaluation of word meaning in relation to the global context of the whole paragraph (Passage Level Anomalies). In another condition the anomaly could be detected via computation of a local thematic violation within a single sentence embedded in the paragraph (Sentence Level Anomalies). For the sentence level anomalies the ASD group, in contrast with the typically developing (TD) group, showed early detection of the anomaly as indexed by regressive eye movements from the critical target word upon fixation. Conversely, for the passage level anomalies, and in contrast with the ASD group, the TD group showed early detection of the anomaly, with increased regressive eye movements once the critical word had been fixated. The reversal of the pattern of regression path data for the two groups, for the sentence and passage level anomalies, is discussed in relation to cognitive accounts of ASD.

Antigenic variability of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O during serial cytolytic passage.

The emergence and disappearance of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) during a field outbreak occurs periodically due to the volatile nature of its genome. In the present analysis, change in antigenic behavior of serotype O FMDV during the serial cytolytic passage in the absence of immune pressure was observed. Initially, the isolate showed a poor antigenic match (relationship value<0.3) with the serotype O vaccine strain and upon serial passage increase in relationship value was observed. Comparison of capsid sequence revealed substitution at four positions (VP3:K58→E and P158→S, VP1:E83→K and R172→Q) acquired during the serial passage. Examination of passage level and amino acid substitution revealed the critical role of position VP3-58 that was identified earlier as crucial for antigenic site IV, in the observed antigenic variability. The role of position VP3-58 was further confirmed using reverse genetics approach.

Text plagiarism classification using syntax based linguistic features

The proposed work models document level text plagiarism detection as a binary classification problem, where the task is to distinguish a given suspicious-source document pair as plagiarized or non-plagiarized. The objective is to explore the potency of syntax based linguistic features extracted using shallow natural language processing techniques for plagiarism classification task. Shallow syntactic features, viz., part of speech tags and chunks are utilized after effective pre-processing and filtrations for pruning the irrelevant information. The work further proposes the modelling of this classification phase as an intermediate stage, which will be post candidate source retrieval and before exhaustive passage level detections. A two-phase feature selection approach is proposed, which improves the effectiveness of classification by selecting appropriate set of features as the input to machine learning based classifiers. The proposed approach is evaluated on smaller and larger test conditions using the corpus of plagiarized short answers (PSA) and plagiarism instances collected from PAN corpus respectively. Under both the test conditions, performances are evaluated using general as well as advanced classification metrics. Another main contribution of the current work is the analysis of dependencies and impact of the extracted features, upon the type and complexity of plagiarism imposed in the documents. The proposed results are compared with the two state-of-the-art approaches and they outperform the baseline approaches significantly. This in turn reflects the cogency of syntactic linguistic features in document level plagiarism classification, especially for the instances close to manual or real plagiarism scenarios.

Numerical investigation of roof heating impacts on thermal comfort and air quality in urban canyons

Impacts of thermal and buoyancy forces on the thermal comfort and air quality in urban canyons with different H/W ratios and rise/run ratio of rooftops are studied. 18 isothermal and non-isothermal models are studied by CFD modeling validated with experimental data from the literature. Based on the results, thermal buoyancy is observed to be effective in improving human comfort in the urban canyon. The temperature difference between roof surface and air increases the speed of air and contaminant transport in urban canyons. While the increase in height and tilt of structures around urban areas have shown to reduce thermal buoyancy. In broad canyons such as H/W=0.5, an increase in height and slope of the roof causes the thermal comfort of leeward, windward, and central regions to move away from the neutral comfort conditions. In regular canyons, H/W=1, the thermal comfort reduces for highly slanted roofs models. Domed roof leads to the lack of thermal comfort in upper levels of passages in leeward, windward, and central regions. In deep canyons, H/W=2, high level of thermal comfort appears only for flat roofs. With an increase in roof height (rise/run), Predicted Mean Vote PMV index moves away from the comfort range. By increasing H/W ratio, roof height, wind comfort, and air quality inside regular and deep urban canyons, it was observed that the thermal buoyancy force leads to the reduction in thermal comfort.

Long-term in vitro cultivation of Histomonas meleagridis coincides with the dominance of a very distinct phenotype of the parasite exhibiting increased tenacity and improved cell yields.

The majority of research on Histomonas meleagridis was performed in the first half of the last century, especially those on morphological aspects. In the present study identical monoxenic settings for cultures of the same H. meleagridis clonal strain in its virulent low passage and attenuated high passage form enabled a comparative analysis of parasite characteristics. For the first time, it could be shown that long-term in vitro cultivation led to a severe shift in cell morphology, with the occurrence of a very distinct phenotype expressing a flagellated and highly amoebic cell morphology. Furthermore, the attenuated parasites showed better growth rates and a higher tenacity when confronted with adverse conditions. During these experiments up to 100% of the parasites, both virulent and attenuated, assumed a completely rounded morphology elucidated by electron microscopy. The findings indicate that such previously reported cyst-like stages are a defence strategy of H. meleagridis, independent of the passage level in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo. In conclusion, long-term in vitro passaging of H. meleagridis led not only to an attenuation of the parasite, as previously demonstrated, but also to a shift in the parasite's phenotype regarding morphology, growth behaviour and a higher level of tenacity.

Assessment of potential miRNA biomarkers of VERO-cell tumorigenicity in a new line (AGMK1-9T7) of African green monkey kidney cells.

Patterns of microRNA expression appear to delineate the process of spontaneous neoplastic development-transformation (SPNDT) occurring in the African green monkey kidney (AGMK) VERO cell line (Teferedegne et al., 2010). Analysis of microarray data identified 6 microRNAs whose high-level of expression peaked when the World Health Organization 10-87 VERO cells became tumorigenic at passage (p) 190. Six miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for the expression of the VERO-cell tumorigenic phenotype (Teferedegne et al., 2014). However, the question remained whether these miRNA biomarkers are specific for VERO cells or can be generalizable to other cells originating from African green monkey kidneys. To examine miRNA expression patterns in AGMK cells at lower passage levels and to re-examine the identified miRNAs as biomarkers associated with tumorigenic phenotype of VERO cells in another independently-derived line, we established a new line of African green monkey kidney cells (AGMK1-9T7) by serially passaging kidney cells from another AGM. The AGMK1-9T7 cells became tumorigenic in nude mice at p40. Evaluation of miRNA expression at intervals from p1 to p40 revealed similarities between the evolution of miRNA expression during SPNDT in the AGMK1-9T7 cells and the 10-87 VERO cells. Four of the 6 potential biomarker miRNAs (miR-376a, miR-654-3p, miR-543, miR-134) in our earlier reports were detected by microarray in the AGMK1-9T7 cells; RT-qPCR analysis detected all 6 miRNAs. All 6 of these miRNAs have been associated with human tumors. Detection of the same miRNAs associated with the tumorigenic p40 AGMK1-9T7 cells and tumorigenic 10-87 VERO cells confirmed our proposal that these miRNA represent biomarkers for the tumor-forming ability of AGMK/VERO cells. The similarities of expression of miRNAs in different AGMK cell lines that were established 50years apart suggest that the process of SPNDT in these non-human primate cells in tissue culture is based upon similar genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.

Attenuation of an original US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC22A via serial cell culture passage

Although porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused huge economic losses in the pork industry worldwide, an effective live, attenuated vaccine is lacking. In this study, an original US, highly virulent PED virus (PEDV) strain PC22A was serially passaged in Vero CCL81 and Vero BI cells. The virus growth kinetics in cell culture, virulence in neonatal pigs and the whole genomic sequences of selected passages were examined. Increased virus titers and sizes of syncytia were observed at the 65th passage level (P65) and P120, respectively. Based on the severity of clinical signs, histopathological lesions and the distribution of PEDV antigens in the gut, the virulence of P100 and above, but not P95C13 (CCL81), was markedly reduced in 4-day-old, caesarian-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets. Subsequently, the attenuation of P120 and P160 was confirmed in 4-day-old, conventional suckling piglets. Compared with P120, P160 replicated less efficiently in the intestine of pigs and induced a lower rate of protection after challenge. Sequence analysis revealed that the virulent viruses [P3 and P95C13 (CCL81)] had one, one, sixteen (including an early termination of nine amino acids) and two amino acid differences in non-structure protein 1 (nsp1), nsp4, spike and membrane proteins, respectively, from the fully attenuated P160. However, the overall pattern of attenuation-related genetic changes in PC22A differed from those of the other four pairs of PEDV wild type strains and their attenuated derivatives. These results suggest that PEDV attenuation can occur through multiple molecular mechanisms. The knowledge provides insights into potential molecular mechanisms of PEDV attenuation.

Detection of idea plagiarism using syntax–Semantic concept extractions with genetic algorithm

Plagiarism is increasingly becoming a major issue in the academic and educational domains. Automated and effective plagiarism detection systems are direly required to curtail this information breach, especially in tackling idea plagiarism. The proposed approach is aimed to detect such plagiarism cases, where the idea of a third party is adopted and presented intelligently so that at the surface level, plagiarism cannot be unmasked. The reported work aims to explore syntax-semantic concept extractions with genetic algorithm in detecting cases of idea plagiarism. The work mainly focuses on idea plagiarism where the source ideas are plagiarized and represented in a summarized form. Plagiarism detection is employed at both the document and passage levels by exploiting the document concepts at various structural levels. Initially, the idea embedded within the given source document is captured using sentence level concept extraction with genetic algorithm. Document level detection is facilitated with word-level concepts where syntactic information is extracted and the non-plagiarized documents are pruned. A combined similarity metric that utilizes the semantic level concept extraction is then employed for passage level detection. The proposed approach is tested on PAN13-1411http://pan.webis.de/.plagiarism corpus for summary obfuscation data, which represents a challenging case of idea plagiarism. The performance of the current approach and its variations are evaluated both at the document and passage levels, using information retrieval and PAN plagiarism measures respectively. The results are also compared against six top ranked plagiarism detection systems submitted as a part of PAN13-14 competition. The results obtained are found to exhibit significant improvement over the compared systems and hence reflects the potency of the proposed syntax-semantic based concept extractions in detecting idea plagiarism.

Protective efficacy of a recombinant bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent Marek’s disease virus containing a reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat

ABSTRACTMarek’s disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus, causes Marek’s disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease in poultry characterized by T-cell lymphomas, nerve lesions, and mortality. Vaccination is used worldwide to control MD, but increasingly virulent field strains can overcome this protection, driving a need to create new vaccines. Previous studies revealed that insertion of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of a very virulent strain of MDV, Md5, rendered the resultant recombinant virus, rMd5 REV-LTR BAC, fully attenuated in maternal antibody positive (Mab+) chickens at passage 40. In the current study, the protective efficacy of rMd5 REV-LTR BAC was evaluated. First, passage 70 was identified as being fully attenuated in maternal antibody negative chickens and chosen as the optimal passage level for use in protective efficacy studies. Second, three protective efficacy trials were conducted comparing the rMd5 REV-LTR p70 BAC to the CVI988/Rispens vaccine. Groups of Mab+ and Mab− 15I5 × 71 chickens were vaccinated in ovo at 18 days of embryonation or intra-abdominally at day of hatch, and challenged at 5 days post-hatch with the vv+MDV strain 686. Vaccination at day of hatch and in ovo with rMd5 REV-LTR p70 BAC protected chickens against MDV-induced bursa and thymic atrophy, but did not provide the same level of protection against MD tumours as that afforded by the commercial vaccine, CVI988/Rispens.

Longitudinal relations between reading motivation and reading comprehension in the early elementary grades

Although previous research has documented significant and substantial relations between reading motivation and reading comprehension for late elementary and secondary school students, there is a lack of studies involving students in the early elementary grades and applying longitudinal designs. Accordingly, we conducted a longitudinal study with 1051 second- and third-grade students and measured their reading motivation and reading comprehension performance at two different time points one year apart. The results confirmed reciprocal relations between involvement (a component of intrinsic reading motivation) and reading comprehension at the word and sentence levels but not at the passage level. Competition-oriented reading motivation (a component of extrinsic reading motivation) did not predict reading comprehension but was itself negatively affected by reading comprehension. In sum, the findings suggest that even at early stages of learning to read, intrinsic reading motivation contributes to students' development of reading competence.

A new fish cell line derived from the caudal fin of freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare: development and characterization

In this study, a new cell line derived from the caudal fin of the freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare was developed and characterized. The cell line was designated angelfish fin (AFF) and subcultured 44 times since its development. These cells grew well in Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine saline (FBS) at 28° C and the modal chromosome number (2n) was 48. The AFF cell-line is mainly comprised of epithelial cells as confirmed by immunocytological technique using anti-cytokeratin antibodies, an epithelial cell marker. This cell line was tested for growth in a temperatures range from 20 to 37° C and at various FBS concentrations of 5-20% at 28° C. The cell line was cryopreserved at different passage levels and revived successfully with 80% survival rate. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of partial mitochondrial 16s rRNA and coI genes confirmed that the AFF cell-line originated from angelfish. Mycoplasma sp. contamination was not detected in AFF cells and checked by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. At the 42nd passage the cells were transfected with 2 μg of pAcGFP1-N1 expression vector. The AFF cells exhibited cytotoxic effects when exposed to the bacterial extra cellular products from Serratia marcescens and Proteus hauseri. The AFF cells and cells from kidney and brain did not show cytopathic effect when exposed to cyprinid herpes virus2 and viral nervous necrosis virus. The newly developed AFF cell line will be useful for the isolation of viruses affecting angelfishes, such as iridoviruses, in the future.

Complexities in Isolation and Purification of Multiple Viruses from Mixed Viral Infections: Viral Interference, Persistence and Exclusion.

Successful purification of multiple viruses from mixed infections remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) mixed infection in goats. Rather than in a single cell type, cytopathic effect (CPE) of the virus was observed in cocultured Vero/BHK-21 cells at 6th blind passage (BP). PPRV, but not FMDV could be purified from the virus mixture by plaque assay. Viral RNA (mixture) transfection in BHK-21 cells produced FMDV but not PPRV virions, a strategy which we have successfully employed for the first time to eliminate the negative-stranded RNA virus from the virus mixture. FMDV phenotypes, such as replication competent but noncytolytic, cytolytic but defective in plaque formation and, cytolytic but defective in both plaque formation and standard FMDV genome were observed respectively, at passage level BP8, BP15 and BP19 and hence complicated virus isolation in the cell culture system. Mixed infection was not found to induce any significant antigenic and genetic diversity in both PPRV and FMDV. Further, we for the first time demonstrated the viral interference between PPRV and FMDV. Prior transfection of PPRV RNA, but not Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and rotavirus RNA resulted in reduced FMDV replication in BHK-21 cells suggesting that the PPRV RNA-induced interference was specifically directed against FMDV. On long-term coinfection of some acute pathogenic viruses (all possible combinations of PPRV, FMDV, NDV and buffalopox virus) in Vero cells, in most cases, one of the coinfecting viruses was excluded at passage level 5 suggesting that the long-term coinfection may modify viral persistence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented evidence describing a natural mixed infection of FMDV and PPRV. The study not only provides simple and reliable methodologies for isolation and purification of two epidemiologically and economically important groups of viruses, but could also help in establishing better guidelines for trading animals that could transmit further infections and epidemics in disease free nations.