Pascal Language Research Articles

Code Completion Using Markov Chains

Modern software engineers use many tools to speed up the development process. Many of them use integrated development environments (IDEs), which provide services such as text editors, debuggers and even intelligent code completion. This paper is dedicated to the development of a model for predicting variants of program source code termination. To improve the accuracy of the model, we used combinations of Markov chains constructed using different ways of calculating the current context of the program: linear and with AST. The linear way of computing the context is an analysis of the tokenized representation of the source code. The second method, on the other hand, uses a representation of the source code in the form of an abstract syntax tree. Combining the different models preserves more semantic information about the code, also adding the ability to support custom code writing style features. In order to compare the different models, a new dataset has been created specifically for the Pascal language. A detailed comparison of the working mechanisms as well as the prediction accuracy on the collected data is given. The proposed model showed high enough accuracy of predictions with minimal computation costs, which allows using it in integrated development environments.

Optimization of seismic insulation parameters of frame buildings using adaptive methods

Objective. The purpose of the work is to calculate frame buildings with flexible connections and with flexible and switch-off connections, to make recommendations for the use of seismic insulation methods depending on the characteristics of seismic events. Method. Development of an algorithm for calculating frame buildings of a frame structural system with seismic protection in buildings with flexible connections and with flexible and switchable connections Result. A method for calculating frame buildings of a frame structural system with seismic insulation in the form of flexible connections and flexible and switchable connections has been developed. A computer calculation program for seismically insulated and nonseismically insulated frame buildings in the Delphi 5.0 programming environment in the Object Pascal language using the Runge-Kutta numerical method of the 4th order for solving differential equations has been compiled Conclusion. It is determined that the construction of frame buildings with the seismic insulation methods considered in this paper, namely with flexible connections and with flexible connections and disconnecting connections, is not impractical for territories where long-period fluctuations are possible, due to the fact that excessively high deformations occur.

РОЗРОБКА ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ РОЗРАХУНКУ НОРМ ЧАСУ МЕХАНІЧНОЇ ОБРОБКИ

In the trial version of the Delphi development environment in the Object Pascal language, a program has been developed that allows: for given specific processing conditions, calculate time norms, build tables. The use of a program developed in the Delphi development environment will automate and optimize the processes of calculations, building tables, and as a result, reduce time costs and increase the accuracy of calculations. The use of the considered information technologies in the educational process provides a specialist in mechanical engineering with the opportunity to work quickly and efficiently.

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATING OPTIMAL CUTTING MODES

In the trial version of the Delphi development environment in the Object Pascal language, a program has been developed that allows you to: for given specific processing conditions, calculate the optimal cutting conditions, build tables. The use of a program developed in the Delphi development environment will automate and optimize the processes of calculations, building tables, and as a result, reduce time costs and increase the accuracy of calculations. The use of the considered information technologies in the educational process provides a specialist in mechanical engineering with the opportunity to work quickly and efficiently.

Didactic and interactive project with PIC microcontroller and CAN network for temperature and luminosity control

This work presents the development of a didactic and interactive project, composed of four distinct modules: the first module is used for reading and controlling temperature; the second module, for reading and controlling luminosity; the third module is an RS232/CAN serial interface; The fourth module has a transceiver for serial communication between a personal computer and the network. The first, second, and third modules were built using PIC18F4580 microcontrollers with integrated CAN and were programmed in C language using the MikroC integrated development environment. The software for serial communication between the microcomputer and module III was written in Object Pascal language using the Delphi programming environment. Serial communication tests were performed between the microcomputer and the third module, obtaining positive results in data acquisition and transfer and command exchange through the CAN network, demonstrating a distributed data system among the modules on the bus.

A detailed study on implementing new approaches in the Game of Life

In 1952, Alan Turing who is considered as a father of Computer Science, based on his previous scientific research on the theory of computation, he emphasized how important is the analysis of pattern formation in nature and developed a theory. In his theory, he described specific patterns in nature that could be formed from basic chemical systems. Turing in his previous studies in the theory of computation, he had constantly worked on symmetrical patterns that could be formed simultaneously and realized the necessity for further analysis of pattern formation in biological problems. However, it was until the late 1960s, when John Conway was the first to introduce the "Game of Life", an innovative mathematical game based on cellular automata, having a purpose to utilize the fundamental entities, called as cells, in two possible states described as "dead" or "alive". This paper tries to contribute to a better understanding of the "Game of Life" by implementing algorithmic approaches of this problem in PASCAL and Python programming languages. Also, inside the paper numerous variations and extensions of the Conway's Game of Life are proposed that introduce new ideas and concepts. Furthermore, several machine learning algorithms to learn patterns from large sets of Game of Life simulations and generate new rules or strategies are described in detail

Teaching schoolchildren in programming within the subject "Informatics": problems and possible solutions

In modern conditions, the constantly expanding use of information technologies, the urgent need for high-level IT specialists, which determine both the development of the country's industrial and intellectual potential, as well as its security, and sometimes the very existence of Russia as an independent state, update the problems of teaching programming at school, including the introduction of an independent subject "Programming" into the school curriculum. The study shows that the framework of the school subject "Informatics" is becoming too narrow for the formation of basic training and professional orientation of schoolchildren in the field of algorithmization and programming; there is an urgent need for schoolchildren to study programming as a separate discipline. But the question arises of choosing a programming language to study in a school course. A comparison of the programming languages that are most common in teaching school informatics today, in particular Python and Pascal, allows us to determine their advantages and disadvantages when studying at school as the first programming language and to conclude that preference should be given to the Pascal language, since Python does not allow students to sufficiently develop confident competencies in the field of programming and knowledge of the fundamental elements of programming.

USE CHAOTIC SUPERREGENERATOR IN PROBLEM OF THE MONITORING (PART 1)

For the first time, the new type of the superregeneration was considered as follows chaotic superregeneration. Earlier superregenerators were realized on base only generator periodic oscillations. The offered authors chaotic superregenerator is built on base of chaotic autogenerator working in intermittent mode. Mathematical model of chaotic superregenerator is formed on base of the system of the ordinary differential equations. Software was created on programming languages MATLAB, FORTRAN and PASCAL for study of the behaviour model of chaotic superregenerator. It is specifically noted that the model of superregenerator is obliged vastly to amplifying the weak input signal. It in this connection was for the first time demonstrated possibility of the amplification weak input signal with the help of the chaotic superregenerator. One of the possible realization of chaotic superregenerator with external intermittent is considered in article. Since steady – state figures do not allow adequately to analyse work the superregenerators and often do not allow to identify presence the superregenerative mode at modelling that in article was offered to use the animation. In this connection authors was designed special software on FORTRAN and PASCAL with use OPENGL and GLUT. In article is brought fragment of the program for modelling the work of chaotic superregenerator on programming language MATLAB. Is it for the first time offered universal methods to identifications superregenerative mode which can be used at study any types of superregenerators.

Динамическое проникание жесткого плоского ударника в неоднородную преграду по нормали и под углом

The problem of dynamic penetration of a rigid flat striker into an inhomogeneous target along the normal and at an angle is considered. The article presents a mathematical model, differential equations and corresponding Cauchy problems. The algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem is imple-mented in the Turbo Pascal language in the object-oriented environment of the Borland Delphi 7 compiler using graphical tools and high-precision numerical methods necessary for visualizing the results. Verifi-cation of the model is based on an analytical solution for the problem of normal penetration. Based on numerical experiments, rational characteristics of a two-layer target of minimum weight are obtained.

Formal Verification of ST Programs using CSP

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are embedded devices that are widely used in industrial control systems. PLC programs are written in special languages that are defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard, which includes two textual and three graphical programming languages. Structured text (ST) language is one of IEC 61131-3 standards, which is a high-level text language similar to PASCAL language. ST language features the following advantages: freely programming style, compact structure and strong data processing capabilities. Using ST language can be more convenient to realize the complex control programs. In this paper, we research and discuss formal verification of PLC program based on ST language, and show the conversion rules from ST language to the formal modeling language named CSP# (short for Communicating Sequential Programs). Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the procedure that PLC programs written in ST language are translated into CSP#, consequently, and the result of verification is given using the Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT).

Investigation of Thermal Performance of Single Basin Solar Still With Soft Drink Cans Filled With Sand as a Storage Medium

Abstract Thermal performance of the single basin solar still (SBSS) with and without a storage material is presented experimentally and theoretically. New configuration of the SBSS by using soft drink cans filled with sand, fixed on the upper surface of the basin liner, as a sensible storage material is investigated. A mathematical model (using Pascal language) is developed to verify the thermal performance of the SBSS. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical (obtained from the mathematical model) results are carried out for validating the proposed mathematical model. Parameters affecting the thermal performance of the SBSS such as the masses of the basin water and storage material, heat transfer coefficients, and top losses are investigated. The top losses (Ut) for the SBSS with sand is higher than that without sand by about 27.47%. The daily productivity (Pd) and efficiency (ηd) of the SBSS with sand is more than that without sand by about 31.44 and 23.12%, respectively. This experiment is environmentally friendly by using 126 of the used empty soft drink cans.

Mathematical modeling of the heat exchange in a stepped solar still

A mathematical model for investigating warm performance of the ventured sunlight based still which is not performed in most of the previous studies. is developed in this study. Based on the proposed model, a computer program (using Pascal language) is carried out. A stepped solar still consists of five small steps(0.002 m depth, 0.2 m width and 1.0 m length). The effect of configuration parameters on the stepped productivity and efficiency such as the still width (b_s), depth of water (d_w), tray width (W) and the height of tray (H) is considered. Comparing thermal performance of the stepped solar still with that of the conventional one shows that the stepped solar still is more efficient. Correlations of the got results with those introduced in the past investigations have been done, prompt an approving the proposed mathematical model. The outcomes show that, the every day productivities for the traditional and ventured sun based stills are discovered to be 4.0 and 4.51 (kg/m2day); separately. The Daily productivity of the regular and ventured sunlight based stills are 61.48% and 81.85%, individually.

К обоснованию конструктивно-технологических параметров механизма выброса щепы из дисковой рубительной машины

The article describes the methodology of physical and mathematical modeling of the mechanism for ejection of chips of a disk chipper. This technique allows you to calculate and optimize the design and technological parameters of the chip ejection mechanism. To accomplish this task, the flow of chip elements was divided into separate spherical elements, and the working surfaces of the chip ejection mechanism are represented by a set of fragments of planes conjugated to each other. When creating a mathematical model for calculating and optimizing the design and technological parameters of the chip ejection mechanism, the following indicators of the efficiency of the chip ejection mechanism were analyzed: the rate of chip ejection at the exit of the chipping line, the probability of chip ejection from the first revolution of the chipping disk, the mechanical power consumed for the ejection of chips after the stage of crushing the cut residues knives. The mathematical model is implemented in a computer program in the Object Pascal language in the Delphi 7 development environment. The program allows carrying out computer experiments to analyze the movement in the casing and chipping of chips obtained from felling residues and to study the effect of the design and technological parameters of the ejection mechanism on the efficiency of the disk chipper. The computer studies carried out made it possible to determine the best numerical ranges of the chipping disk rotation frequency and the number of blades located on the chipping disk. The likelihood of chip entrainment at the first revolution of the chipping disk and the power consumption for the ejection of chips from the disk chipper were also determined.

Modeling of light propagation in a wood polymer-sand composite

The subject of the research is wood polymer-sand composite (WPSC) and study of its physical and mechanical properties. In this case it is propagation of light in the material using simulation and development of a computer program to simulate the propagation of UV radiation in WPSC block. A separate computer program in the Object Pascal language was compiled to study the model. The program is designed to simulate two-dimensional approximation of infrared, visible, ultraviolet radiation propagation in wood polymer-sand composite. The program is applicable in a wide range of concentrations of the composite components, for different optical absorption coefficients of the components, depending on the wavelength of the radiation. Concentrations, optical properties of the components, and lighting conditions can be specified in the text of the program. The results of the program are the structure of the composite as a random uniform distribution of wood and sand fragments in a polymer matrix, a cartogram and a graph of the intensity distribution in the composite specimen. The result has been obtained: penetration depth of destructive UV radiation is about 1.5 mm at an optimal concentration of the components CW=45%, CPI=35%, CSa = 20%.

Application of various metrics to assess the program code quality

This article discusses the main metrics for assessing the quality of program code. The results of the study of various metrics for assessing the quality of a software product are demonstrated. Previous displays the results of applying different metrics on an example of program code for calculating the values systems s linear algebraic equations Gauss method languages Pascal and C ++. Conclusions on the use of various metrics are formulated.

Modeling the design of the scaler for thermochemical treatment of beet ships before extracting sucharose

The extraction of sucrose is a key process in sugar beet production that determines its efficiency. This process is significantly accelerated by a complex thermal, electrical and chemical effect on beet tissue in the process of its preparation and is carried out in scalders of various designs. The design parameters of the scalder can be estimated using mathematical modeling methods. When developing the model, a finite element approach was used by representing complex bodies in the form of a large number of separate elements of the same type and the method of particle dynamics. In the simulation, a number of coefficients were introduced related to splitting the chips into separate spherical elements: mЭ, cС, dЭС, cИС. Reference and experimental data were used to calculate them. The mathematical model is implemented in the form of a system of differential and algebraic equations, for the processing of which a computer program in the Object Pascal language has been developed. The developed model makes it possible to vary a large number of design and technological parameters of the scalder and mechanical and geometric parameters of beet chips, and to determine indicators characterizing the efficiency of thermochemical processing of chips. The angle of inclination of the nozzle in the vertical plane, length and diameter of the nozzle were chosen as design parameters. The efficiency of the scalder design was evaluated by the mass of beet chips accumulated on the nozzle and the contact time of the beet chips with the inner surfaces of the scalder. In the course of a computer experiment, it was found that an increase in the angle of inclination of the nozzles at different lengths and diameters significantly reduces the mass of accumulated chips and the time of contact of the chips with the surface of the scalder. The resulting model is intended for the design of prototypes of the scalder.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING PYTHON PROGRAMMING IN THE SCHOOL INFORMATICS COURSE

The article discusses the features of teaching programming in Python of high school students, taking into account the experience of programming in the Pascal language obtained by students in the main school. Based on the analysis of the content of textbooks for in-depth study of informatics and their own experience of teaching informatics, the authors show the advantages of the Python language for motivating students to study it and use specific examples to reveal certain methodological aspects of teaching programming in the Python language. In particular, using a comparative analysis of program codes for implementing data input and output procedures, conditional algorithmic construction, as well as for describing data types in two programming languages, the authors clearly show the advantages of developing programs in Python. More specific details of programming are considered on the example of the theme "Arrays".

Mathematical modeling and experimental validation for square pyramid solar still

This study presents a detailed mathematical model of the pyramid solar still which is not performed in most of the previous studies. Computer programs (in Pascal language) are developed for both studying thermal performance of the square pyramid solar still and estimating the hourly variations of the solar intensity incident on the tilted still's covers. Comparisons between the obtained theoretical results and experimental results (from previous work) are performed to validate the proposed mathematical model. The daily productivity of the pyramid solar still (Pd) varies from 4.22 to 4.43kg/m2day with values of the glass cover's tilt angle of 10°-60°. Pd decreases from 3.88 to 1.52kg/m2day with increasing the depth of the still's water (dw) from 0.01 to 0.30m. Values of the top losses of the still decrease from 8.8064 to 8.2304W/m2K with increasing glass cover surface area from 0.063 to 0.125m2, which correspond to values of tilt angles of the still covers changing from 10° to 60°, respectively.

Computational method to determine the pitch length in cholesteric liquid crystals

Cholesteric liquid crystals are consisted of nematic layers, with a small rotation of the director as we pass from one to the other. This rotation produces a helical structure and the distance to perform one full rotation of the director is known as the pitch length. The pitch length characterizes the cholesteric mesophase and, for this reason, in the present article, we propose a computational method to determinate this parameter with high precision. We use the texture of the cholesteric phases obtained via polarizing light microscopy and an Object Pascal language to write our program.

Simulation mathematical model of the mixing process of bulk components in the mixer

The developed simulation model allows computer experiments on mixing components in which the parameters of the components of the mixture or mixer are changed, the nature of the influence of the parameter is established and recommendations for choosing the optimal values of the parameter are given. The model of the mixing process takes into account the size, shape and rheological properties of the components of the mixture, as well as the interaction of the bulk material with the working surfaces of the mixer (blades, blade struts, shafts, housing). The simulation mathematical model of the mixer has a high spatial resolution for the correct reproduction of the interaction of particles in the mixing process. In the framework of the finite element approximation, the bulk material is represented as a set of elements. The particle dynamics method was used to model the mechanical behavior of the mixture. Modeling is performed in three-dimensional Cartesian space. The state of each element is defined by six variables: the coordinates of its center and the velocity components. The solution of this system of differential equations of the second order are the functions that determine the trajectories of motion of the elements and allow to evaluate the efficiency of the mixing process. To solve differential equations of this kind, the second – order numerical method-Runge-Kutta is used. A computer program in the Object Pascal language in the Borland Delphi 7 integrated programming environment has been developed to implement the calculation according to the above formulas and to make it easier to conduct a series of computer experiments. The developed mathematical model of the process of mixing of bulk components allows to choose rational technological modes of mixing, which makes it possible to increase the homogeneity of mixing up to 98 %, and to calculate the kinematic mode of the mixing process in the mixer by creating a "quasi-weight" hydrodynamic mixing mode and a significant acceleration of the mixing process.