Political Parties Research Articles

Party platforms and entrepreneurial pathways: Exploring the impact of political parties on venture formation

ABSTRACT Political institutions meaningfully shape entrepreneurial outcomes. In the present study, we explore how the legislative partisanship of U.S. states, which we define as the concentration of political power across legislative branches of government, influences entrepreneurial activity. We contend that states led by Republican governors and legislatures will experience elevated levels of new venture formation. Moreover, we argue that this effect becomes stronger as the political power held by the Republican Party increases. We further suggest that economic freedom strengthens the relationships between both Republican governors and legislatures and new venture outcomes. Contrary to our primary theorizing, our results demonstrate that Democratic governors are linked to a higher number of new ventures formed. However, we find support for our remaining four hypotheses. Overall, we offer novel theoretical contributions to research on political institutions and entrepreneurship, as well as political science.

Radical Islam in Kyrgyzstan

In the last approximately 10–15 years or so, the tendencies towards radical Islamization of Kyrgyzstan have intensified, although it is not so much the Kyrgyz as the Uzbeks and Uighurs who are more susceptible to it. However, the process is gaining momentum among the Kyrgyz as well. There are several reasons for this: socio-economic problems, insufficient work with the population of traditional Islamic structures, the process of flow from the south to the north, in relation to Kyrgyzstan, expressed in the departure of the European population and the influx of visitors from more southern states, including carriers of radical Islam. Among the latter, immigrants from Pakistan are the most active, but missionaries from the Persian Gulf and Turkey are active too. Among other things, many political parties of Kyrgyzstan, some of which directly call for the abolition of the constitutional norm on the secular nature of the Kyrgyz state, have begun to actively cooperate with radical Islamists. Christian religious structures also do not work enough with the titular population of Kyrgyzstan, either because of unwillingness to work (Orthodox), or because of the negative attitude of the authorities (Protestants). In the latter case, it is necessary to point out some laws of Kyrgyzstan that do not strike at Islamic radicals, against whom they seem to be aimed, but just at those who could resist them. Nevertheless, the situation does not seem hopeless yet and can be corrected.

Mutual Shaping: A Study of Political Party Behaviour and Voter Preference Changes in Malaysia's General Elections from 2018 to 2022

ABSTRACT In November 2022, Malaysian parliamentary elections marked a significant shift as Malaysia experienced its first ‘hung parliament’ since independence. The dominant Perikatan Nasional (PN) was compelled to form a ‘Unity Government’ with its rival Barisan Nasional (BN) and other political parties. Interpretations of the outcome varied, largely attributed to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and the participation of millions of first-time voters. This paper examines the 15th Malaysian elections and trends in party politics from 2018 to 2022. It argues that the dynamic interaction between Malaysian parties, alliances, and voters significantly shapes voter preferences, influencing party agendas and image construction, thus impacting election outcomes. Through analysis of the 2018 and 2022 elections and introducing the ‘two-tier, two-way’ framework, it elucidates the intricate relationship between party-voter interaction and changes in voter preferences amidst evolving political-economic factors. The socio-economic and political landscape in Malaysia during this period exhibited distinctive characteristics. Varied party responses to these changes led to diverse campaign strategies. Consequently, the interaction between parties and voters, and the resulting voter responses, played a pivotal role in shaping campaign practices and influencing the 15th Malaysian parliamentary.

The partisanship of mayors has no detectable effect on police spending, police employment, crime, or arrests.

In this paper, we examine whether mayors' partisan affiliations lead to differences in crime and policing. We use a large new dataset on mayoral elections and three different modern causal inference research designs (a regression discontinuity design centered around close elections and two robust difference-in-differences methods) to determine the causal effect of mayoral partisanship on crime, arrests, and racial differences in arrest patterns in medium and large US cities. We find no evidence that mayoral partisanship affects police employment or expenditures, police force or leadership demographics, overall crime rates, or numbers of arrests. At the same time, we find some suggestive evidence that mayoral partisanship may modestly affect the racial composition of arrests. Overall, the results from our multimethod analyses indicate that local partisan politics has little causal impact on crime and policing.

Women Participation and Party Politics in the Gambia’s Democratic Process, 1997-2020

For an all-inclusive party politics in a democracy to be achieved, all members of the society, irrespective of sex, religion and class, must be engaged in the spirit of human rights and freedom. This study investigated women participation in party politics in the Gambia with an established all-inclusive and gender-friendly mechanism under the second republic. It explored the extent of conformity with global practices and national policy on gendering in the country. The study extrapolated, through the gender lenses that are descriptive in analysis, on women’s participation in party politics with focus on various challenges besetting the process as a result of males’ dominance and government inadequate national policies to address the quagmires. For this reason, efforts are stepped up by human rights activists and gender scholars on how best to continue to address discrimination issues against women and how their participation level could be increased. Findings concluded that, if an all-inclusive party politics is to become realistic and effective in the Gambia, a public-private partnership and government re-strategy, through policy frameworks that are dynamic and pragmatic and which will be consultative enough in nature would be ideal.

The Role of Political Partisanship and Moral Beliefs in Leadership Selection

The Role of Political Partisanship and Moral Beliefs in Leadership Selection

The Legal System for Political Parties in Jordan in Light of Law No. 7 of 2022

Law No. 7 of 2022 represents a significant shift in the legal framework for political parties in Jordan, aiming to modernize the political environment and enhance democracy. This new law sets out the conditions for the establishment and membership of political parties, regulates their financing and activities, with a strong emphasis on transparency and accountability. Additionally, it seeks to enhance active citizen participation in political life by simplifying registration procedures and providing government financial support contingent on adherence to legal standards. The law also includes provisions to protect the rights of political parties and their members, and aims to strengthen the role of parties in parliament by encouraging alliances and presenting comprehensive political programs. Despite potential challenges in its implementation, Law No. 7 of 2022 provides a comprehensive legal framework aimed at developing the party system in Jordan, thereby promoting political stability and democratic development.

Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage Sites for Sustainable Urban Development

The research aims at future urban transformation and development by rediscovering the industrial heritage in the 798 Art Zone, Beijing and the M50 Creative Plaza, Shanghai. In the assessment of the criteria, benefits and success factors of adaptive reuse projects, the research employs the use of both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (case studies) methods. The following points have been identified such as government incentives, local engagement, and retaining the appearance of industrial structures. Drawing from industrial heritage architecture, the study reveals the economic, environmental, and social benefits of retrofitting industrial structures, increased economy revitalisation and cultural identity, and the mitigation of new construction. However, the research found some drawbacks of the study such as the absence of unified conceptual frameworks that cover all four dimensions of sustainability and the uncertainty associated with technical and regulatory factors. This work, therefore, points out that, while adaptive reuse projects are critical to the augmentation of urban regeneration, there exist hurdles that require deliberate effort to be surmounted. Based on these findings, suggestions are given for improvement to policies for government, political parties, urban designers and developers to improve the comprehensiveness of pro-historical building reuse policies. This work finally suggests a framework for further research on any adaptive reuse projects to inform future sustainable design efforts that take into consideration the exploration of resources of the culture and ecosystems.

Homophobia in Greece

Abstract: Introduction: Apart from a few studies with limited sample sizes, we have little data on attitudes toward lesbian and gay (LG) people in Greece. Methods: This study examines this topic in 949 heterosexual Greek participants. Based on previous research in cultural contexts other than Greece, we hypothesized that four demographics (gender, age, education, area of residence) and religious and political orientation predict a substantial amount of variance in homophobia (i.e., anti-LG attitudes). Results: We verified all observed variables except area of residence as significant predictors. Regarding the “intergroup contact hypothesis,” we distinguished the direct effects of the predictor variables from indirect effects mediated by contact with lesbians and gay men. All variables except area of residence showed a direct effect and, except for education, also an indirect effect on homophobia. The strongest effects were found for religious and political orientation, followed by gender. Highly religious, right-wing oriented, and male participants reported the highest levels of homophobia, partially mediated by their low level of contact with LG people. Discussion/Conclusion: The results confirm and further explain the detrimental role the Greek Orthodox Church, right-wing political parties, and traditional gender roles play in the acceptance of sexual minorities.

Exploring Changing People's Perceptions on Local Elections

The article explores changing people perceptions of political parties during local elections in Nepal, highlighting the different factors of recent socio-political changes. Following the restructuring of local governance in the 2022 elections, political parties have increased direct involvement with their communities, changing public perceptions. Using a constructivist interpretivist paradigm with multiple realities ontology, the study employs both structured and unstructured questionnaires and interviews to gather narrative experiences from the public. The research utilizes a convergent design, integrating exploratory and descriptive methods, and employs both qualitative and quantitative techniques, including interviews and focus groups, to capture diverse people sentiments across various respondents. The sampling of 120 respondent in convenience sampling reveals that educational changes, political disillusionment, and grassroots engagement are key drivers of these changing perceptions. With all these changes the people are increasingly evaluating political parties based on local issues such as infrastructure, education, health, and social equity, rather than national political manifesto. The findings indicated a growing trend toward electing leaders who are less affiliated with traditional parties, often younger and perceived as neutral. This shift reflects declining trust in established political parties and highlights the need for greater accountability and transparency. The study underscores a pivotal moment in Nepal’s democratic institutionalization, urging political entities to adapt strategically to maintain their relevance. By exploring these changing voter perceptions, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of political accountability and voter behavior in developing democracies, offering insights for policymakers and political strategists.

Gender, Money, and Power: The Importance of Equitable Distribution of Political Financing for the Achievement of Parity Democracy in Argentina

Abstract This study aimed to understand the existence and consequences of a gender gap in political parties’ distribution of campaign budgets. We chose Cordoba, Argentina, because it pioneered electoral reforms favoring women. Four subthemes were identified from twenty-four interviews with legislators: gender differences in budget allocation, practices and consequences of differential treatment for female candidates, limitations of the political party financing law, and access to private funding. The study reveals a systemic gender-based inequality in campaign funding, limiting women’s ability to compete equally with men in politics. It highlights the intersection of gender and financial power, showing that current political finance regulations are insufficient. These findings challenge the effectiveness of gender-focused reforms and suggest the need for comprehensive approaches to political party financing. The study also has implications for future research, as it raises important questions about the long-term effects of financial inequality on women’s political participation and representation globally.

When Do Parties Lie? Misinformation and Radical-Right Populism Across 26 Countries

The spread of misinformation has emerged as a global concern. Academic attention has recently shifted to emphasize the role of political elites as drivers of misinformation. Yet, little is known of the relationship between party politics and the spread of misinformation—in part due to a dearth of cross-national empirical data needed for comparative study. This article examines which parties are more likely to spread misinformation, by drawing on a comprehensive database of 32M tweets from parliamentarians in 26 countries, spanning 6 years and several election periods. The dataset is combined with external databases such as Parlgov and V-Dem, linking the spread of misinformation to detailed information about political parties and cabinets, thus enabling a comparative politics approach to misinformation. Using multilevel analysis with random country intercepts, we find that radical-right populism is the strongest determinant for the propensity to spread misinformation. Populism, left-wing populism, and right-wing politics are not linked to the spread of misinformation. These results suggest that political misinformation should be understood as part and parcel of the current wave of radical right populism, and its opposition to liberal democratic institution.

Antwerp's Joys: Diamonds, Jewish Immigrant Workers, and Labour Organization in the Interwar Period

Abstract In the 1920s, Eastern European Jewish immigrants settled in Antwerp and became economically active in the diamond industry. While historians have focused on the role of Jewish commerce and the development of the diamond industry in Antwerp, the role of Jewish labour has been paid only scant attention. The current article focuses on the specific economic position of Eastern European Jewish immigrant diamond workers in Antwerp. It sheds light on the social and working conditions under which Jewish immigrants laboured. The reaction of Belgian diamond workers and their union towards the arrival of Jewish immigrants in the industry is also discussed. Special interest is accorded to the attempts of Jewish political parties and the Diamantbewerkersbond van België (ADB, General Diamond Workers Union of Belgium) to unionize the new arrivals. In this way, the article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics between immigrant labour, union organization, and (imported) political ideologies in the attempts to integrate foreign workers within the industry.

Formy represji w czasie stanu wojennego 1982-1983 wobec działaczy opozycji antykomunistycznej umieszczonych w wojskowych obozach specjalnych

THE ARMY AS INTERNMENT: FORMS OF THE REPRESSION DURING THE MARTIAL LAW IN THE YEARS 1982-1983 AGAINST ACTIVISTS OF THE ANTICOMMUNIST OPPOSITION PLACED IN MILITARY SPECIAL CAMPS (PART II)The work focuses its issues on one of the repression forms used in the martial law introduced on 13th December 1981 to pacify the society which tried to change the fossilised communist system through activity in the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union “Solidarity”. It was not a new solution in the Polish People’s Republic – just after the Second World War the communist authority drafted into “alternative military service” opponents of sovietisation of the country, directing them to forced labour in mines. Fearing a social rebellion before the second anniversary of the independent trade union registration, communist authorities interned in military special camps, functioning in Poland from 5 November 1982 to 3 February 1983, 1450 trade union activists and members of the political parties unaccepted by communists. 264 younger colleagues of these people were drafted into the basic military service lasting two years in three units intended for this purpose.

Problematika Verifikasi Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu: Urgensi Perubahan dan Konsep Perbaikan Regulasi

This research examines problems related to the verification process of political parties participating in the 2024 election, namely where there are differences in the verification process given to parliamentary and non-parliamentary political parties or new political parties. Where the parliamentary party does not go through a factual verification process, only through administrative verification. Meanwhile, new or non-parliamentary political parties must go through an administrative verification process and also factual verification. The aim of this research is to explain the problems in the verification process both in terms of normative and impellative rules in the field. This research is included in the category of normative legal research, which reviews and examines statutory regulations. The approach used is a statutory approach, which is used to examine the problems of verifying political parties participating in elections. The findings and results in this research are important for improving regulations related to the verification of political parties participating in elections, by including that there are no differences in the verification process for political parties to become election participants, so that there is no discrimination and for the sake of justice and legal certainty, the regulations can be improved. regulated at the same level as the Election Law which is based on the Election Law.

Managing the grumbles: The role of intra-party dissent and leader domination on salience strategies in Western Europe

Does intra-party dissent affect parties’ salience strategies? And if so, do leadership-dominated parties de-emphasize a divisive issue dimension more than activist-dominated ones? Scholars have long highlighted the role of intra-party dissent in informing parties’ salience strategies. However, the literature has overwhelmingly focused on EU issues while devoting less attention to the economic and socio-cultural dimensions of party competition. I argue that, driven by the imperative of projecting unity and ensure survival, parties facing internal dissent over an issue dimension reduce the emphasis attributed to it. Importantly, the effectiveness of this strategy hinges on the control party leaders wield over their parties’ platforms. Focusing on 15 Western European countries and 130 political parties, the findings confirm that higher levels of intra-party dissent are associated with lower emphasis awarded to the divisive issue dimension. The pooled results also suggest that markedly leadership-dominated parties are more effective in de-emphasizing a divisive dimension than activist-dominated ones. However, I find less robust evidence for the latter finding when testing the model separately for the two dimensions.

Strategi Komunikasi Politik Digital Tri Andhianto dan Abdul Haris Bobihoe dalam Pilkada Bekasi 2024

The 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections in Bekasi are an important momentum in the development of local democracy in Indonesia, marked by the support of a coalition of ten political parties for the candidate pair Tri Adhianto and Abdul Haris Bobihoe. This study uses a qualitative method with a desk review approach to analyze the communication and campaign strategies of the candidate pair. The results of the study show that this pair succeeded in utilizing social media effectively to reach voters, especially the younger generation. Relevant campaign messages, related to education, job creation, and community welfare, succeeded in building emotional attachment. Their campaign reflects political pragmatism at the local level, where support from various parties puts aside ideological differences in order to achieve electoral goals. Through social media, the candidate pair created two-way communication with the community and expanded their audience reach. This study concludes that adaptive and digital-based campaign strategies can increase public participation and trust in candidates, although challenges in maintaining transparency and accountability remain.

Analisis Kegagalan Strategi Kampanye Ridwan Kamil - Suswono dalam Pilkada 2024

The 2024 Jakarta Governor and Deputy Governor Election served as a critical stage for the Ridwan Kamil and Suswono duo, supported by major political parties through the Koalisi Indonesia Maju (KIM) Plus coalition. Despite broad political backing and leveraging communication strategies across social media, traditional media, and grassroots engagement, the pair failed to secure victory. This study examines their political communication strategies, including media utilization, public response, and challenges faced, such as negative perceptions due to past scandals, black campaigns, and local resistance to their identity. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on desk reviews, the study finds that while Ridwan Kamil-Suswono managed to capture public attention with flagship programs like Kartu Jakarta Maju and Riverway, obstacles such as smear campaigns and misalignment with Jakarta's local culture were key factors in their defeat. The findings highlight the importance of synergy between political communication strategies, understanding local community characteristics, and effective image management in winning political contests.

Framing of Syrian Refugees in Turkish Politics: An Analysis of Turkish Grand National Assembly Debates

This study examines how Turkish political parties framed the Syrian refugee issue in floor speeches in the Turkish parliament leading up to the 2023 general election. Building upon research that explores how political party ideologies, issue ownership, and issue salience shape party approaches to immigration and refugee issues, we analyzed the incumbent AKP’s response to opposition criticisms of its open-border policy. Additionally, we examined whether the CHP, MHP, İYİP, and HDP increased their standing on the issue by addressing it in speeches and whether they framed the issue from social, demographic, economic, humanitarian, or security threat perspectives.

Political parties' accountability to the public in Nepal: What factors affect it?

Political accountability is essential for maintaining trust and transparency in governance. However, the factors that influence political parties' accountability remain underexplored in Nepal. This paper examines the factors influencing citizens' perceptions of political parties' accountability in Nepal, utilizing data from the National Governance Survey 2017/18 (N=4191). A four-stage multiple cluster sampling technique was used to randomly select respondents from 43 out of 77 districts in Nepal. Data were collected between December 2017 and March 2018. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that citizens' perceptions of political parties' honesty, transparency, adherence to rules, and corruption control significantly impact political parties' accountability. While citizen engagement in political discussions was positively associated with political parties' accountability, this factor did not demonstrate statistical significance. These findings highlight the importance of honesty, transparency, rule of law, and anti-corruption measures in fostering political parties' accountability. This study contributes to the literature on democratic governance and offers practical insights for authorities seeking to strengthen accountable political institutions in Nepal. The insights of this paper provide a roadmap for political parties to prioritize ethical conduct, proactive information sharing, regulatory compliance, and anti-graft efforts to build public trust and accountability.