Party Congress Research Articles

Cadre Personnel Management and the Central–Local Relations of China’s Financial Governance: The Rise of ‘Airlifted’ Vice-Provincial Governors in Financial Affairs

ABSTRACT Since the 18th National Party Congress, many high-ranking business executives and regulators from China’s financial system have been appointed as the so-called ‘airlifted’ vice-provincial governors in financial affairs. This article presents a systematic biographic profile of this group of rising technocrats. It argues that in appointing these central financial elites to provinces, the Party centre has used the cadre personnel management system to promote governance capability building through technocratic professionalization of local administrative leadership, and drive the recentralization of financial governance as Chinese political economy overall shifts towards prioritizing risk management, systemic stability and national security. It also constitutes a venue for cadre grooming. Moreover, this personnel control via airlifting technocratic appointments has often been prompted, and also constrained, by a short-term crisis management imperative to deal with local financial turbulence and restore market stability.

Research on the Impact Effect of Digital Finance on the Development of Low Carbon Economy

The report of the 20th Party Congress pointed out that “promoting the greening and low-carbonization of economic and social development is the key link to achieve high-quality development”, and steadily promoting carbon peak and carbon neutral work is the proper meaning of promoting the development of low-carbon economy. Digital finance, as a fusion of digital technology and financial business, can form a long-term mechanism of governance of pollution, so the study of the impact of digital finance on the development of China's low-carbon economy has certain theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the panel dataset of 30 provinces from 2011 to 2021, this paper constructs a benchmark regression model and a mediation effect model to analyze the impact effect of digital finance on the development of low-carbon economy, and based on the theoretical analysis and the empirical results, it provides referable policy suggestions for promoting the development of low-carbon economy.

Intra-Party Rules: Rebuilding the Chinese Communist Party’s Political Ecology

This article offers an in-depth analysis of intra-party rules development within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the Eighteenth Party Congress in 2012. Through examining fifty-three major intra-party rules, leaders’ speeches, media articles, and 9,412 punishment verdicts, the study uncovers a three-stage process aimed at revitalising the CCP and constructing a “political ecology.” The analysis identifies three stages of intra-party rules development, characterised by nascent attempts to define political–moral and organisational norms, the tension between expansion and centralisation from 2016 onwards, and a period of deepening and advancement coupled with increasing arbitrariness in enforcement. This investigation enriches our comprehension of the intricate interplay between organisation, morality, and punishment within the CCP under Xi Jinping, shedding light on broader ramifications for China's societal structure, governance, and foreign policy approach.

Building effective and efficient local government under the spirit of the 2013 Constitution

The research highlights the significant progress made in decentralization andlocal autonomy, as guided by the directives of the XIII National Party Congress and theprovisions of the 2013 Constitution. The author emphasizes the need for tailoredapproaches to local government organization, taking into account the diversecharacteristics of rural, urban, island, and special administrative-economic units. Pilotprograms in major cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Nang exemplify efforts tostreamline operations and maximize efficiency in urban settings. However, challengesremain, particularly in fully realizing the distinctiveness of governance and ensuringeffective oversight mechanisms. The manuscript concludes by advocating for continuedresearch, legislative adjustments, and administrative reforms to optimize local governancestructures and processes. Ultimately, the pursuit of robust and responsive local governanceis vital for advancing socio-economic development of Vietnam.

Multi-dimensional Cooperation:A Path to Enhance After-school Services in Guizhou's Primary and Secondary Schools

Optimizing after-school services for primary and secondary schools is an important initiative to carry out the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, implement the “double reduction” policy, adhere to the “five education” and explore the integration of the “five education”, and promote the diversified and distinctive development of the “five education”, and it is a milestone event in the transition from traditional examination- oriented education to quality education. In order to solve the problem of “three and a half hours” for parents and increase the people's sense of gain and happiness, more and more primary and secondary schools in Guizhou are offering colorful after-school services, “growth class” courses and interest activities. In recent years, around the “burden” policy documents one after another, but the burden of primary and secondary school students has not improved significantly, “school pressure, outside the school burden”, “only the theory of scores” and so on. The chaotic phenomenon of education has accumulated and is difficult to return. After a long period of field research, visiting typical cases, understanding special cases and summarizing and analyzing the research data, the research group found that there are problems such as unsound supervision and management mechanism, insufficient teachers' strength, incomplete resource allocation, and low parental participation in Guizhou's primary and secondary school after-school services. Based on the multifaceted and collaborative approach, the research group proposes measures to improve the quality of after-school services, such as establishing a sound management and supervision system, improving teachers' teaching and learning abilities, optimizing the allocation of after-school education resources, and promoting the development of co-operation between home and school, with a view to providing decision-making references and suggestions for improvement to the governmental departments, educational institutions and parents.

Research on the Construction of Legal Culture in Ethnic Areas in the New Era under the Consciousness of Chinese National Community

The cultivation of a rule of law culture exerts a profound influence on the enactment of the directives from the 20th Party Congress, the refinement of the legal system, and the fostering of ethnic solidarity. Furthermore, the establishment of a rule of law culture is crucial for preserving ethnic unity, augmenting the sense of national identity, and facilitating the grand rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Currently, minority regions face challenges including the attenuation of religious fervor, economic limitations imposed by legal frameworks, and a deficiency in initiatives aimed at nurturing a legal culture. In response to these issues, it is imperative to galvanize public enthusiasm under the Party’s guidance and spearhead the development of a rule of law culture through grassroots social governance, thereby addressing the prevailing challenges in the advancement of legal culture within ethnic communities.

Наследование и развитие китайской традиционной музыкальной культуры

General Secretary Xi Jinping, in a report at the XIX Party Congress, clearly stated that “culture is the soul of the country and the nation. When culture flourishes, the country flourishes; when culture is strong, the nation is strong.” Currently, an important period has come for strengthening the cultural consciousness of the people of China and the active development of Chinese music as its element. Under the influence of foreign and West-ern culture, the study and inheritance of traditions in this area can allow the modern younger generation of Chi-nese to better understand the meaning of national musical culture, which is of great importance for its devel-opment and further search for the place of Chinese traditional musical art in the world as a source of national spirit and strength. It is very important to inherit Chinese traditional musical culture in order to strengthen patriot-ism, national identity and ensure the pride of the younger generation of their ancestors. This article defines tra-ditional Chinese musical culture, examines its connotation, cultural value, principles of inheritance and devel-opment.

Integration of Industry and Education Leads to High Quality Employment for China’s Secondary Tourism Students

Under the double background of the 20th Party Congress re-emphasizing the deepening of the integration of industry and education as well as the official implementation of the new Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China, the trend of relying on vocational education for industrial development and upgrading has become unstoppable. Tourism is a pillar industry of China's economy, and tourism employees not only need to have good professional qualities, but also need to have standardized job service skills, and even more need to adapt to the relevant requirements of intelligent tourism in the information age. Employment is the basis of people's livelihood, and the high-quality development of employment is an effective guarantee for building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Combining the data comparison and analysis of the employment salary of secondary tourism students with the national average salary of all industries from 2013 to 2022, it is found that the employment of secondary tourism students has not yet formed a high-quality development, and then according to the development mode of integration of industry and education, it tries to put forward measures to lead the high-quality development of the employment of secondary tourism students, and cultivate high-quality applied talents for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Mechanism and Evidence of the Impact of Foreign Investment on Foreign Trade in Jiangsu Province

Since the modernization initiatives and opening up of China, the trajectory of national economic and social development has surged forward. Highlighted in the report of the Twentieth Party Congress, through a more proactive opening-up strategy, China has orchestrated a dynamic framework of international engagement on a broader scale, spanning diverse sectors, and with increased profundity. Notably, the ascendancy of China's foreign trade has been monumental, with the trade volume skyrocketing to 39.1 trillion yuan in 2021, a staggering increment from the turn of the millennium. Jiangsu Province, a pinnacle of export-driven economic prowess in China, benefits from its strategic placement in the eastern coastal belt, leveraging both its geographical advantage and rich resources. Serving as the nerve center of the Yangtze River Delta, Jiangsu is also a crucial nexus in the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, bridging regions such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Propelled by the collaborative spirit of the "Belt and Road" nations, the infrastructural evolution of the Jiangsu Pilot Free Trade Zone has seen exponential growth, bolstering Jiangsu's outward-focused economy. As such, a meticulous examination of foreign investment trends in Jiangsu can illuminate invaluable insights for shaping the foreign economic stratagem of the province. This, in turn, can act as a catalyst to refine China's FDI blueprint and champion a paradigm of sustainable excellence in development.

Results of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China: a new message to the world

China is rightfully recognized as one of the largest economies in the world and an important political player in the international arena. The dynamic and continuous development of the country's economic component, even in the post-COVID period, gives China a powerful impetus to further maintain the country's stability and image throughout the world. Today it is impossible not to listen to the events taking place in China. Every five years, China hosts congresses of the ruling Communist Party, at which important vectors of development for the coming years are traditionally determined, urgent tasks are set, and ideological decisions are made. Given the importance of the PRC in the world community, party congresses are increasingly attracting attention and are being vigorously discussed on the sidelines of foreign governments. The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China has become a resonant and historic event not only for the entire Chinese people, but also for countries that have close ties with China. In this study, we applied the method of modern structural functionalism, as well as political science, historical and sociological research methods. The article attempts to analyse the opinions of foreign experts, through the prism of which it is possible to see the situation in China in more detail. As a result of the research, an understanding of the main priorities of the new administration was reached, which carry important aspects of China's political landscape.

The Vietnam Communist Party's views on higher education through the 8th to 13th National Party Congresses

After overcoming the economic crisis in 1996, Vietnam’s higher education has transformed and achieved remarkable successes, greatly contributing to raising the position of our country's higher education in the world as well as to the process of industrialization, modernization, and international integration. To gain these achievements, it is thanks to the thorough leadership of the Vietnam Communist Party and State with many reasonable, timely, and decisive guidelines and perspectives. Based on the reality of Vietnam’s higher education during the period of industrialization, modernization, and international integration, this study clarifies the Vietnam Communist Party's role in higher education in each period through analyzing the views related to higher education at the 8th to 13th National Congresses of the Vietnam Communist Party (hereinafter referred to as the Congress). To achieve the purpose of the research, the author uses the scientific literature review method as the main method. Besides, the author also uses the methods of analysis -synthesis, interpretation, and comparison. The results of the study show that there is a clear development in the Vietnam Communist Party's awareness of the role of higher education in relation to the world and domestic situations during the periods of industrialization, modernization, and international integration. However, there are also difficulties and challenges in implementing the above guidelines. Accordingly, the author has made recommendations to further enhance the role of Vietnam’s higher education.

북한의 SDGs 달성을 위한 입법과 정책의 변화

North Korea is actively utilizing the SDGs as a means to emphasize the unfairness and contradictions of the U.S. and other U.N. sanctions, saying that they are hindering peace-making and global partnerships, including the promotion of the SDGs and development cooperation, and to inform the international community that they are threatening North Korea's survival in non-political areas such as energy, food, water and sanitation, and the climate crisis. Furthermore, by actively embracing the UN SDGs, the DPRK is emphasizing its image as a ‘normal country’ and a ‘moderate country’ by accepting universal norms and values of the international community, including the United Nations, and cooperating with the international community, and recognizing the SDGs as a key means to attract development cooperation from the international community. In other words, the DPRK is establishing an implementation system by linking the UN SDGs to the Kim Jong-un regime's mid- and long-term national development plans, including the National Development Strategy and National Plan. Analyzing the specifics of the linkages and understanding the implications of the North Korean regime's policies can have important implications for advancing inter-Korean relations in the future. North Korea's legislative and policy responses to the implementation of the SDGs, particularly in the area of climate and environment, have so far fallen far short of the 30-year target. Nevertheless, North Korea's diplomatic diversification strategy to actively deal with the prolonged sanctions and diplomatic isolation is centered on the United Nations. North Korea's internal development strategy is also seeking a new direction, and the five-year plan for national economic development established at the 8th Party Congress in January 2021 and the new third UNSF (2022-2026) are also clarifying its intention to implement the SDGs with the international community. Among them, the renewable energy and circular economy sectors are being promoted by North Korea with a very active and urgent will to fulfill the SDGs, which is seen as a way to overcome the internal and external economic difficulties faced by North Korea. In addition, the disaster response field due to the climate crisis is being promoted by the North Korean regime with all its might. Given the need for the United Nations to include integrated SDGs on the Korean Peninsula in the new third UNSF (2022-2026), it is time for North and South Korea to work together with the United Nations to implement the SDGs, and we believe that cooperative projects in the field of climate and environment will be a key driver.

From Victim to Victor. Changing the Narrative in 21st Century China

The paper analyzes the transformation of the victim narrative present in the Chinese political discourse, all along the 20th century, both prior and during the first decades of the People’s Republic founded in 1949, into a narrative of success. Used to motivate and rally people around the Communist Party, the victim narrative lost its luster once the economic reforms and opening initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s started bearing fruit, during Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao governments. Thus, the party needed to find a new narrative as a means of legitimation. Based on the reports made at the Party Congresses in 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 by two of the Secretaries-General, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, the paper analyzes how the economic success attained by China at the beginning of the 21st century triggered a shift in the elite political discourse, toning down the image of China as a victim of internal or external forces, in favor of that of a rejuvenated and strong country. The new image projected was not that of a besieged China any longer, but one of a victorious country which managed to overcome major obstacles. However, the victim narrative did not totally disappear. The paper also looks at how the victim narrative was reflected into the public discourse on the internet, immediately after Hu Jintao’s rule, when the space for debate on the micro blogging platforms was much more unrestricted than it is today, in order to understand how the victim narrative was differently used by the people in order to reevaluate various events from their recent history.

Research on the Mechanism of Improving the Quality of Chinese Residents' Household Financial Asset Allocation

In recent years, China's economy is in the transition stage from high speed growth to high quality development, and the report of the 20th Party Congress puts forward the new concept of "high quality development of finance", while the family, as an important member of China's financial market, will be conducive to the high quality of China's social and financial development by improving the quality of its financial asset allocation. Financial inclusion is intended to create a fair and efficient financial market, which plays a positive role in optimizing the allocation of family financial assets. With the continuous updating of financial technology and financial services, inclusive finance can be developed rapidly, this project will use China's CHFS data to conduct empirical tests, use hierarchical analysis to define indicators from the fairness and efficiency dimensions to construct the Tobit model as well as the advanced model to analyze the enhancement mechanism of China's residents' household financial asset allocation, in order to provide some theoretical thinking for the unfair and inefficient allocation of household financial assets at present.

Public land sales and the political cycle in China

This study analyzed the influence of the political cycle on public land transfer. In this paper, the Party Congress is taken as a political cycle, and we construct a model to discuss the relationship between public land sales and the political cycle. The empirical analysis is based on the land transfer panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2002 to 2018. The main results show that the land transfer area and land transfer income show a downward trend in the early stage of the Party Congress, while the land transfer area and land transfer income show an upward trend after the Party Congress. We believe that the political cycle has a significant impact on the supply of public land. The reason is that the political uncertainty in the early stage of the Party Congress is very high, and the impact of the land transfer on tax revenue and economic growth lags behind. Officials reduce the valuation of future income and thus reduce land transfer. As political uncertainty abated after the party congress, local officials joined the promotion race, offering land to attract investment and boost economic growth.

Government GDP targets and corporate capacity expansion – Empirical evidence based on A-share listed companies

The phenomenon of Chinese-style capacity expansion is widespread and closely tied to the interventionist behavior of local governments. Using data from A-share listed companies between 2010 and 2021, we find a significant correlation between economic growth targets and corporate capacity expansion. The impact of growth targets on capacity expansion is more pronounced during the National Party Congress, when officials use stricter constraints and when the municipal party secretary is around 55 years old. Officials influence capacity decisions by allocating key resources such as land and finances. We provide valuable insights into Chinese-style capacity expansion, offering reference significance for promoting China's supply-side structural reform.

The Reality of Hunger and Poverty Among Khmer People in The Mekong Delta Region

Today, hunger and poverty are not only national problems but also global problems. In Vietnam, our party regards eradicating hunger and reducing poverty as goals throughout the country’s economic and social development process. Poverty eradication is a fundamental factor in ensuring social justice, enhancing sustainability, creating material strength, and providing opportunities to support poor people in getting out of poverty. This is clearly reflected in the principles and policies of the Party Congress on eradicating hunger and reducing poverty. Recently, at the 13th National Congress, our party declared: “Focus on the development of hunger eradication and poverty reduction in remote areas and extremely poor areas. Diversification of resources and means of poverty reduction, linked to agricultural and rural development, educational development, vocational training and job creation, to eradicate hunger and reduce poverty sustainably." In the Ten-Year Socio-Economic Development Strategy (2011-2020) , the task of "implementing poverty reduction policies more effectively" is determined, poverty alleviation is adapted to different periods, diversifying resources and methods, ensuring sustainable poverty reduction, especially in the poorest areas and extremely poor areas, encouraging the enrichment of the people and the government in accordance with the law, and narrowing the Policies and solutions to the wealth gap. The Mekong Delta is an area with a large Khmer population, with approximately 1,201,691 people, accounting for 6.93% of the region's population. The provinces with the largest Khmer population are Soc Trang (397,014 people), Tra Vinh (318,288 people), Kien Giang (213,310 people), and An Giang (91,018 people). There are approximately 400,000 poor households in the region, of which more than 72,000 are Khmer poor households (ranking the highest proportion of ethnic minority poor households in the region). Faced with this situation, it is very important to study and understand the hunger and poverty problems of the Khmer people, and is of great significance to the country's overall development strategy, especially the development strategy of the Mekong Delta region

Research on Quanzhou Tourism Market and Tourism Development Strategies in the Context of Successful Application for Cultural Heritage

The report of the 20th Party Congress puts forward that we should insist on shaping tourism with culture and promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism. Quanzhou, as one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities released by the State Council, is known as "Seaside Zulu". 2021, "Quanzhou: Song and Yuan China's World Maritime Commerce and Trade Center" was successfully bid as China's 56th World Heritage Site. As a city with a relatively developed tourism industry and deep cultural heritage, Quanzhou has many advantages in developing tourism, and should follow the pace of the Central Committee of the CPC to play a leading role in tourism development, actively stimulate domestic demand, and promote high-quality development. Through research and analysis, the project aims to provide reference for Quanzhou's experience in the subsequent development of tourism resources and tourism development, and at the same time make suggestions for the shortcomings.

Statistical Measure and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of Inter-provincial Finance Efficiency of Science and Technology Based on Non-expected SBM Model

The report of the 20th Party Congress pointed out that the real economy must be the core of economic development, and the financial sector, as the "backbone" of the real economy, is a key factor in realizing high-quality economic development. Science and technology finance, as a new type of bridge connecting finance and science and technology, on the one hand, accelerates the flow of capital to new technologies, and on the other hand, helps scientific and technological innovations to constantly reach a new level. Although the strength of China's science and technology financial investment has been increasing, the problems of emphasizing investment over performance and unbalanced development of science and technology finance among regions still exist. Therefore, taking the inter-provincial data of the decade 2010-2019 as the research object, based on the input-oriented three-stage SBM-DEA model containing non-expected outputs, we constructed China's S&T financial efficiency evaluation index system to measure the S&T financial efficiency of China's provinces. In order to further empirically test the geographical differentiation of China's S&T financial efficiency, based on the results of the three-stage SBM-DEA, the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method is used in combination with Kernel kernel and other statistical methods to reveal the characteristics of the geographical differentiation of China's S&T financial efficiency in China and the trend of its spatial and temporal evolution.

Vietnam's foreign policy with ASEAN: A national interest approach (1986- 2020)

In 1986, Vietnam initiated the Doi Moi policy, marking the onset of comprehensive reforms in economic, political, diplomatic, and societal dimensions. This reform agenda established a foreign policy framework prioritizing national interests. Amid the ever-evolving global and regional economic and political landscape, Vietnam proactively adapted to these shifts. Crafting foreign policies guided by the Party Congresses and Politburo Resolutions, Vietnam accentuated diplomatic ties with neighboring nations and the ASEAN community as paramount priorities. Notably, Vietnam's foreign strategies emanate from a rigorous consideration of national interests. This article conducts an exhaustive analysis of Vietnam's foreign policy vis-à-vis ASEAN, emphasizing the national interest approach during the years 1986 to 2021. Through rigorous examination and reliance on substantiated evidence, the author discerns that Vietnam's engagements with ASEAN are meticulously designed to safeguard primary, secondary, and shared national interests. Nevertheless, Vietnam encounters formidable challenges and complexities in its pursuit of these national interests within the ASEAN framework.