Party Affiliation Research Articles

The Impact of Bipartisan Bifurcation on Corona Vaccination in the United States

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has bring disastrous impact to people globally. The United States has been among the most affected. COVID-19 and vaccine decision have evolved to a hotly debated topic among American public, as well as Democratic and Republican politicians. While ample research has been conducted on how politicians shape public opinion and behavior, only a few have dive deeper into the specific influence of Democratic and Republican politicians on public views regarding COVID-19 and vaccine decisions. This paper aims to evaluate the impact from these politicians by analyzing the previous research on partisanship, political theory, public opinion and behavior. The paper finds out that contrasting party ideology between Democratic and Republican politicians contribute to differing vaccine decisions. The paper also pinpoints party affiliation as a factor influencing people’s opinion on COVID-19 and vaccine decision. In response, the paper proposes public awareness campaign by NGOs to address the influence of party ideology; promotes bipartisan dialogue and collaboration on COVID-19 to mitigate the effect of party affiliation. Both Democratic and Republican politicians must work together to minimize the political perception of COVID, ensuring it remains a health decision.

Party affiliation, economic interests and U.S. governors’ renewable energy policies

This paper explores the impact of U.S. state governors’ party affiliation and economic interests on renewable energy outcomes. Using data on installed renewable capacity, we find that, on average, Democratic governors had a positive impact on the state-level adoption of renewable energy. However, the effect is highly heterogeneous. There are no differences in renewable energy outcomes between Democratic and Republican governors in states where the energy-intensive manufacturing industries are economically important or in states where the natural renewable endowment is scarce. Consistent with a political economy approach, we argue that in the area of renewable and climate policy, governors’ policy preferences are overridden by holding office motivations and economic interests.

Political Dynamics in Ukraine After Russia’s Full-Scale Invasion

This study examines the intricate shifts in political competition during the period of martial law in Ukraine, with a focus on alterations in dynamics and their potential implications for the post-war political landscape. Employing data from reputable institutions, parliamentary voting records, and analyses of current events, this study aims to provide insights into the extent of changes in political competition and its infl uence on the upcoming party system configuration. The analysis reveals noteworthy patterns, such as the shift in legislative focus towards foreign policy and defence post-full-scale invasion, and the increased parliamentary support for the Ukrainian president’s initiatives, largely due to personal influence rather than party affiliations. The study also examines the evolving voting dynamics in parliament, characterised by two distinct periods, shedding light on the challenges of securing crucial votes for significant bills. In light of these findings, this study emphasises the importance of a well-thought-out action plan to restore the electoral process in post-war Ukraine, taking into account the challenges posed by the current electoral system and regional variations in voter turnout. The study concludes by highlighting the need for intensive support for Ukraine’s military efforts as the primary means of ensuring a quick return to the democratic electoral process.

The association between the interviewers’ and the respondents’ political attitudes in a telephone survey

ABSTRACT Interviewer effects in telephone surveys on political topics are likely to occur. The literature has yielded considerable evidence about the impact of basic interviewer characteristics, but research is lacking on how interviewers’ beliefs may shape responses. This study is aimed at assessing the association between the interviewers’ party affiliation and political ideology and the answers provided to the same questions by the respondents, using a large-scale telephone survey conducted in Hungary. The results show that interviewers account for a relatively large amount of variance, especially in the models predicting item-nonresponse. The interviewer’s reluctance to answer these questions strongly predicted missing data on the respondent level. On the other hand, only weak interviewer effects were found regarding the valid, substantive responses. The results demonstrate how, for instance, estimations of nonrespondents’ party preferences in electoral polls may be biased due to interviewer-related errors, and highlight the need for standardized persuasion strategies.

Between Medicine and Revolution: towards the biography of Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina

Biographical research has been an integral part of historical science since its inception. However, as a rule, the most significant historical figures have always fallen into the sphere of interests of scientists. In post-Soviet historiography, biographies of people who are difficult to classify as outstanding figures began to appear more and more often. Despite this, through the analysis of their biographies, it is possible to trace how the inheritance of cultural traditions formed in different historical periods took place, the ways of assimilation of social, gender and other ideas, their transfers and influence on people's behavior in specific historical circumstances. The purpose of the article is to restore the biography of Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina (1874–1943), a physician by profession and a Socialist Revolutionary by party affiliation, based on unpublished archival documents from the central, local and personal archives, to identify her place in the revolutionary and women's social movement of the early twentieth century. A particular example of the biography makes it possible to understand how the process of formation of diverse and often layered identities of women of the late XIX – early XX centuries took place. As a result, it can be concluded that Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina's self-realization was in the field between two identities – professional and revolutionary, which were layered on top of each other, but both were very important for the heroine of this biography.

How Did Voters Decide in the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections in Ghana? The Implications for Future Elections

This paper analysed the determinants and citizens’ choice of a presidential candidate in the Ghanaian 2012 and 2016 elections. The analysis utilised survey data obtained from respondents in the study areas. It examined perspectives of the individual voters on various issues matters pertaining to elections as well as their sentiments regarding personal and communal socio-economic outcomes. The findings revealed that voting for a presidential candidate in an election is influenced by individual voter access to income, education level, employment status, and development policy in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections. The results also revealed that voters are influence by other factors such as the candidate's capacity to enhance and advance the national economy, political party affiliation, candidate orientation and likability. The findings of the analysis suggest that political parties and presidential candidates in an election in Ghana should give careful consideration to the elements and issues identified. Based on the findings, the we recommended that presidential candidates/or political parties should prioritise the issues identified in their campaign strategies and policy agendas.

Party Affiliation in the Southern Electorate

This article chronicles and analyzes the changing state of party affiliation in the American South from the 1990s to the present. Party identification (PID) is examined with data from three survey sources: the American National Election Study (ANES), Cooperative Election Study (CES), and Exit Polls (national and state-level). Emphasis is placed on the changing PID patterns of white, Black, and Hispanic voters South-wide and in individual states. The findings strongly suggest that the current position of Republican electoral dominance will persist for some time to come, though there are multiple reasons why, in certain parts of the South, Democratic affiliation will likely increase.

Impact of Mianzi consciousness on unethical pro-organizational behavior: the roles of impression management motive, educational level, party affiliation in China

Impact of Mianzi consciousness on unethical pro-organizational behavior: the roles of impression management motive, educational level, party affiliation in China

The moderating role of democratic governance in the association between personal values and political ideologies

AbstractThis analysis examined whether commonly assumed associations between personal values and political attitudes within countries varied worldwide by the level of democratic governance. In less democratic countries, people may have less exposure to or engagement with value expression through political party affiliation and experience less motivation to express values through political attitudes. Therefore, in such countries, the commonly assumed association of personal values typically labeled “conservative” (e.g., tradition) or “liberal” (e.g., universalism) with right‐ or left‐wing political ideologies could be weaker. Furthermore, less democratic governments are more likely to be perceived as a deciding presence in economic outcomes than the people's or the market's will, which could alter the degree to which right‐wing economic attitudes toward free markets and private enterprise are associated with conservative values. Responses to the World Value Survey across 60 countries were largely consistent with these moderation effects when operationalizing democratic governance using both more objective, structural, and subjective, perceptual metrics. In less democratic countries, conservation‐oriented personal values were less positively associated with broad right‐wing political identification and self‐transcendence‐oriented values less positively associated with broad left‐wing political identification. In less democratic countries, conservation‐oriented values were more negatively associated with right‐wing economic attitudes.

Party Affiliation and Voting Behavior

A study of the last four national elections (2002, 2008, 2013, and 2018) in Pakistani Punjab indicates how affiliation with political parties develops and varies in the province. In urban areas, parties have a relatively stable presence and hardened loyalists. However, in less-developed and rural areas they rely on electables and politically influential families, which limits their choices in nominating candidates. In the latter areas, voters care more about candidates and kinship than about parties and their manifestos.

COVID-19, subjective resilience, adaptive, and coping capacities in hurricane-prone regions

This study focuses on understanding perceptions of recovery and resilience by employing the theoretical lens of subjective resilience, adaptive, and coping capacities to understand individual cognition of risks and perceptions of recovery from the pandemic for those living in hurricane-prone areas. We explore several factors affecting perceptions of resilience and recovery, such as capacities to adapt and cope, risk perceptions, communication sources, levels of physical and social vulnerabilities, the ability to prepare for hurricanes during the pandemic, perceptions of government policies, social capital, and partisanship. To analyze these factors, we use individual-level data that were collected using a survey population drawn from both random (via telephone landlines) and nonrandom (via the internet) sampling in Florida. We find that expectations of recovery were positively associated with several factors, including risk perceptions with higher levels of concern about the pandemic, higher self-reported levels of stress, lack of preparation for a hurricane making landfall during the pandemic, less social connectedness, and political party affiliation. The results help inform pandemic preparedness and management.

미디어 법안 공동발의 네트워크의 구조적 특성 연구

This study analyzed the co-sponsorship network of media-related bills proposed in the 20th Korean National Assembly to understand the legislative process of media-related law. For this, I analyzed connectivity and network centrality based on co-sponsor attributes. The analysis revealed a clear division in the party affiliation and local constituency of the members who participated in the co-sponsorship. In particular, the division was centered on the two major parties (Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) and United Future Party (UFP)), and the members of the third-party Minsaengdang were mainly close to the DPK members, but some had networks with the UFP members. By region, members from Gyeongsang/Gangwon, and Jeolla were clustered. Honggeun Bak, Woongrae Roh of the DPK and Seang Tae Kim and Heekyung Song of the UFP were ranked high in several centrality indices, suggesting that they played a key roles and exercised influence in the media bill co-sponsorship process based on their party affiliations.

Vertical inroads of religion into European parliamentary politics: how socialisation and national party affiliation shape German MEPs’ consideration of religion

ABSTRACT German members of the European Parliament (MEPs) offer a particularly interesting subject to study when aiming to explore religious influence in Europe’s multilevel parliamentary politics. German MEPs not only represent the largest share of parliamentarians, but also originate from a country context where until very recently, the ruling parties promoted close ties between politics and religion. Relying on an online survey and interviews with MEPs collected as part of the Religion in the European Parliament and in European multilevel governance II (RelEP2) project, this study explores the religious profile of German MEPs. It contrasts it with the profile of national parliamentarians, and discusses how national characteristics such as political socialisation and state-church relationship inroad German MEPs’ attitudes and behaviour. We discover that in European parliamentary politics, the influence of religion is often more unconscious. This interpretation, however, is very much affected by the individual socialisation of German MEPs and the strategies of their national parties, exemplifying the dominance of vertical inroads of religion over horizontal ones.

Does the ECB's monetary policy affect personal finances and economic inequality? A household perspective from Germany

Despite a growing academic literature on the distributional effects of monetary policy (MP), little is known about how laypersons perceive the effects of MP on their own economic situation and national economic inequality. This study examines laypersons' perceptions in Germany of the impact of the ECB's MP on (i) their personal economic situation and (ii) national economic inequality, using representative survey data collected in 2018. I review the existing academic literature, which identifies various characteristics of individuals that could potentially render them susceptible to the effects of monetary policy, such as savings, wealth, home ownership, debt, unemployment, or age. I then investigate whether these characteristics align with layperson's perceptions. Ordered logit analysis shows that, contrary to the economic literature, most variables - with the exception of 'savers' - appear to be irrelevant to laypersons' perceptions. Instead, factors such as objective knowledge of monetary policy, trust in the ECB, party affiliation and residence in East Germany emerge as significant factors.

Anti-elite attitudes and support for independent candidates.

The ideological dispute between left and right has dominated the political discussion for decades in multiple countries across the globe. However, in recent years people vs. elite debates have replaced traditional ideological conflicts in explaining voters' electoral decisions. In this paper, we investigate whether anti-elite attitudes contribute to a key political outcome: the increase in successful independent candidates. We implement a conjoint experiment in Chile, where anti-elite sentiments and the number of successful independent politicians are currently prominent. We find that preferences for independent candidates largely increase among voters with anti-elite orientations. In a context where traditional parties face difficult times, such beliefs are key to understanding the factors behind support for candidates with no party affiliation. This insight is important because electing independent politicians can promote a personalistic style of politics, undermine democratic accountability, and foster conflict between the executive and legislative branches.

Considerations from an International Regulatory and Pharmaceutical Industry (IQ MPS Affiliate) Workshop on the Standardization of Complex In Vitro Models in Drug Development.

In May 2022, there is an International Regulatory and Pharmaceutical Industry (Innovation and Quality [IQ] Microphysiological Systems [MPS] Affiliate) Workshop on the standardization of complex in vitro models (CIVMs) in drug development. This manuscript summarizes the discussions and conclusions of this joint workshop organized and executed by the IQ MPS Affiliate and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A key objective of the workshop is to facilitate discussions around opportunities and/or needs for standardization of MPS and chart potential pathways to increase model utilization in the context of regulatory decision making. Participation in the workshop included 200 attendees from the FDA, IQ MPS Affiliate, and 26 global regulatory organizations and affiliated parties representing Europe, Japan, and Canada. It is agreed that understanding global perspectives regarding the readiness of CIVM/MPS models for regulatory decision making and potential pathways to gaining acceptance is useful to align on globally. The obstacles are currently too great to develop standards for every context of use (COU). Instead, it is suggested that a more tractable approach may be to think of broadly applicable standards that can be applied regardless of COU and/or organ system. Considerations and next steps for this effort are described.

The Race Politics Associated With Wearing a Mask in Public to Combat COVID-19

Abstract We explore the racial and ethnic politics associated with mask wearing early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using panel and cross-sectional data from the National Panel Study of COVID-19 (n = 1,996) fielded in March and April 2020, we asked Americans about their self-reported race/ethnicity, their political party affiliation, and if they have worn a mask or scarf in public to stop the spread of the coronavirus. We also asked respondents who reported wearing a mask in public if they worry they might be mistaken for a criminal. Our logistic regression models found that racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to wear a mask or scarf over their faces to prevent the spread of COVID-19 despite being more likely to worry about being criminalized by police or security while wearing a mask. We argue that proximal contact with the virus, because racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be affected by COVID-19, leads to increased willingness by people in these groups to protect themselves and others. Democrats were also more likely to wear masks compared with Republican respondents. and those living in Republican-led states were less likely to wear a mask in public and more likely to be criminalized for wearing a mask. Was mask use during the early COVID-19 pandemic political? In our paper, we use panel and cross-sectional data from the National Panel Study of COVID-19 fielded in March and April 2020 when we asked Americans whether they had worn masks. We also asked those who wore a mask if they felt criminalized while wearing a mask. Our findings show that there are stark differences in mask use between demographic groups and worrying about being criminalized while wearing one.

Winston Churchill versus E. D. Morel, Dundee, 1922, and the Split in the Liberal Party

AbstractIn the November 1922 general election in the two-member seat of Dundee, Winston Churchill, Liberal member of Parliament for the city since 1908, lost his seat to Edwin Scrymgeour (Prohibitionist) and E. D. Morel (Labour). Before 1914, Morel, like Churchill, had been a member of the Liberal Party, and this article compares the political trajectory of Churchill and Morel across the war period in order to understand how their positions had diverged. While still a Liberal in party affiliation in 1922, Churchill was en route back to the Conservative Party, while Morel had become a prominent figure in the Labour Party. In examining this divergence, the aim is to shed light on one of the key issues of British politics in early twentieth-century Britain: the divisions in the Liberal party that undermined its place as one of the two leading political parties. The purpose is not to displace arguments about long-run socioeconomic change undermining the Liberals, nor of the severe impact of total war on Liberal thinking about the scope of state action; rather, it is to use this example to also stress the significance for the party of sharp divergences over war and peace, and more broadly, the conduct of foreign policy.

From rhetoric to regulation: inferring lobbying influence on EU efforts to regulate text {CO}_2 emissions of cars using network analysis

This study shows how the automotive industry was able to influence the final legislation of the Community Strategy to reduce{CO}_{2}emissions from passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles, even though the European Commission’s introductory comments were supported by a competing interest group coalition: environmentalist NGOs. To operationalize and analyze the influence of lobbying on the EU policy formulation process, I utilize an approach not yet widely used in interest group research: discourse network analysis and inferential network analysis with exponential random graph models. This methodological combination allows me to parse the political debate within different phases of the EU policy process to gain insights into how automotive lobbyists were able to shape the final legislation in accordance with their interests and which political decision-makers empowered them to do so. Surprisingly, the party affiliation of Members of the European Parliament played only a subordinate role, whereas the origin of the MEPs was a significant predictor of whether they supported the proposals of environmentalist NGOs or the automotive industry. The latter’s proposals were adopted in the European Commission’s proposal and subsequently in the final regulation. Since the method can be easily applied to case studies from different policy areas, it provides a promising framework for the analysis of EU lobbying in general. Moreover, the network approach is easily extendable, allowing future research to integrate different strands of EU lobbying research that go beyond influence analysis.

Juridical Analysis of Interlocking Directorate in the Perspective of Fiduciary Duty Theory

This article discusses the issue of concurrent positions of directors in a company has resurfaced in Indonesia, causing problems lately. The practice of holding multiple positions presents a potential avenue for individuals to exploit their authority for personal gain, as well as for the benefit of affiliated parties. The potential for conflicts of interest, including corruption, collusion, and nepotism, even exists in concurrent positions. The research method used is normative because what is studied is the legality of the interlocking directorate of directors and board of commissioners in the Company as seen from its regulations in the Law and other related regulations. This study focused on examining the legality of the interlocking directorate of directors and board of commissioners in PT. The result is that concurrent positions are not explicitly prohibited by the Limited Liability Company Law, but it is very important for the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners to have a ban on concurrent positions in the Company Regulations, Articles of Association, and Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. Code adherence ensures all stakeholders comply with company policies. Law Number 5 of 1999, especially Article 26, prohibits concurrent positions if the companies in which the directors serve are not in the same relevant market, have a close relationship, or jointly control the market share of certain goods and services, which has the potential to result in a monopoly. Unfair business practices and competition