Parts Of Tamil Nadu Research Articles

Studies on the Performance of Custard Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Cultivars and Varieties Under Rainfed Vertisol Condition of Tamil Nadu

A study was conducted in block vertisol region of Southern part of Tamil Nadu with the view to find out suitable custard apple cultivars for the region. Twelve years old five cultivars viz., Mammoth, Raydurg, Arka Sahan, Balanagar, and APK (Ca)1 were undertaken for this study, which were planted at the spacing of 6 m x 6 m following randomized block design having three replications with ten trees in each replication. Results of three consecutive years of study clearly indicated that, the variety Arka Sahan showed increased tree height (6.28 m), number of primary branches (4.10), number of secondary branches (9.0), plant spread E-W (4.94 m) and plant spread N-S (4.77 m). The variety Mammoth recorded enhanced stem girth (85.67cm). Among the five custard apple varieties evaluated, Arka Sahan recorded the enhanced individual fruit weight(214.12g), less number of seeds / fruit (8.88), pulp weight (60.76g) and TSS (30.32 oBrix). The variety Raydurg showed less rind weight of 41.89 g / fruit. The variety Balanagar recorded the increased number of fruits/tree (250.36), yield / tree (22.79kg) and yield (6.15 tonnes/ha) followed by APK 1 showed number of fruits / tree (204.45), yield /tree (21.20 kg) and yield (5.72 tonnes/ha). TSS ranged from 21.67 to 30.32 oBrix. Considering overall performance, the cultivars Balanagar and APK (Ca) 1 are recommended for commercial cultivation in black vertisol region of Southern part of Tamil Nadu or in similar agro-climatic condition. The cultivar Arka Sahan showed enhanced growth and vegetative characters but special care (Artificial hand pollination) should be taken for fruit setting and retention.

The Status of Women as Shown in ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’

Kallikkaadu is a part of Tamil Nadu. Epic means that it has happened. Novelist Vairamuthu says that the ‘Kallikkaatu Idhikaasam’ certainly took place in the middle of the twentieth century and that it was the epic of a citizen, who is a part of the society. Migration is the process of moving from one country to another, from one state to another, from one city to another, and from one town to another. Among them is the ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’ which is said to be migrating from one town to another. Vairamuthu's ‘Kallikkaattu Idhikaasam’ has bagged Sahitya Akademi Award in 2003. The protagonist is Peyathevar, and his wife-Alagammal, who live on land depending solely on the soil. They get their eldest daughter, Sellathai, remarried to Ochakkaalai when she returns home as a widow with a son, Mokkarasu after a year of her married life. And also, the second daughter, Minnalu, came back to her father’s home after the cruelty of dowry abuse. She is married and becomes the mother of a baby girl. At that time she comes to her father's house with her child because her husband had killed Karuthak Kannan and went to jail. Peyathevar's young age girlfriend is Murugayi. She also lost her husband, father, and mother when she got married. Peyathevar makes her also stays with him with the mindset of a mother. The government chooses this site as the best place to build a dam and ordered the evacuation of twelve villagers. The government expelled the people no matter how much the people opposed them. In this, the depressed Peyathevar suffers greatly. All the people moved away with their belongings. Peyathevar loads all his belongings in the cart and drowns in the water, not wanting to leave the soil. Furthermore, the researcher has thoroughly researched his study with ample supporting evidence about the status of women shown in ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’ and elaborated on it in detail and clearly.

Maximum entropy modelling for predicting the potential distribution of Invasive Rugose Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus in India

The potential distribution of invasive rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was predicted under present (2020) and future climate change emission scenarios in 2050 and 2070 under four representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5) using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche modelling. The model performance was assessed using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic values. Spatial mapping of habitat suitability for rugose spiralling whitefly suitability maps was prepared for each selected climate scenarios. The study revealed that the most dominant climatic factors i.e annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, precipitation seasonality and iso-thermality with 23.2, 21.4,17.5 and 16.4% respectively were significantly influenced the potential distribution and establishment of rugose spiralling whitefly. Eastern coastal parts of Tamil Nadu, North-Eastern parts of Andhra Pradesh, Eastern coastal belts of Odisha, North-Western coastal belts of Kerala, South-Western coastal parts of Karnataka and Western coastal belts of Maharashtra and Gujarat were predicted the highest habitat suitability places/ regions. The present study data would help to formulate control measures for monitoring, surveillance and early pest warning of rugose spiralling whitefly and combating outbreaks well in advance in newer geographical locations.

Impact of the Dutch presence in the pearl fishery coast

The sea routes and the water routes of the Indian Peninsular served and still serve not only as the way for trade and commercial activities but also function as a centre of communication. The arrival of the Muslims and the Europeans to the coastal region of India had a strong impact on the political, social, economic and cultural lives of the people. Of all, the south Indian coastal region played a significant role in the maritime history of India. The Pearl Fishery Coast, situated in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, occupied an important place in the colonial imperialism of the Europeans. The coast has a long history as a maritime centre from the Sangam Age mainly because of the availability of pearls and chank. The Portuguese were the first Europeans who set their foot on the coast. They were pushed out by the Dutch in the year 1658. Though the Dutch did not receive nourishing support from the local rulers and the people, the political and commercial activities of the Dutch had an everlasting impact on the fisherfolk community of the coast, the Paravas.

Assessment of Farmers' Adoption Level of Climate Change Adaptation Practices in the Southern Parts of Tamil Nadu

Climate change is a global hazard to the world's food and nutritional security. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere rise, so does the temperature due to the greenhouse effect. The average world temperature is steadily rising and is expected to climb by 2 degrees Celsius by 2100, resulting in significant global economic losses. Climate variability in the form of temperature and precipitation may impact on agricultural production and productivity. The study was conducted in the wetland, dryland, and garden land farming systems of the Tamil Nadu districts of Madurai and Sivagangai with a sample size of 120 farmers. Descriptive statistics were used in this study. For compare all three systems; a simple percentage analysis was performed. The majority of respondents in the wetland (65.00%), dryland (70.00%), and garden land (75.00%) farming reported a medium level of climate change adaptations. Cropping system diversification includes mixed cropping (65.00%), intercropping (36.66%), perennial and tree crop agriculture (30.00%), and fallow cropping (25.8%). Summer ploughing (36.67%) and micro-irrigation systems (34.17%) were among the water conservation strategies used by nearly one-third of those polled. The majority of respondents (85.00%) were rearing cattle followed by working as a r worker (off-farm activities) (56.67%) in the local industry is the second most common income diversification activity done by farmers.Government and agencies must play an important role in improving farmers' adaptive capacity by disseminating agrometeorological data and tools, conducting vulnerability assessments, and providing policy advice to strengthen institutional approaches to disaster risk reduction so that farmers can respond to the immediate risks of climate change and make the best use of climate variability.

SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING AND HEADS-UP DIGITIZATION METHOD FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF WATERBODY ENCROACHMENT USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

Water bodies like lakes or tanks or ponds play a significant role in preserving and restoring the ecological stability. They are in existence for several centuries, serving the water needs of communities. Encroachment of water bodies for development human settlements and farming has been increased due to population growth and public attitude. This research focused on the water bodies encroachment in Manapparai Taluk, which covers an area of 1090 sq.km that encompasses 108 revenue villages and located in the central part of Tamil Nadu, India. The remote sensing techniques were used to assess the land-use land cover (LULC) changes, The visual interpretation techniques were used to prepare the LULC map and investigated the changes between topographic sheets of 1976 and Quick Bird satellite imagery of 2019. The vector layers of LULC were created by using heads-up digitization method in open-source geospatial software environment i.e. QGIS and GRASS. The LULC changes were assessed according to revenue villages, also predicted the total number of water bodies encroached by the public. The results of LULC layers between 1976 and 2019 confirm that the extent of human settlement increased from 3.52% to 5.98% of the total area, while vegetation cover also increases from 1.38% to 2.12%. Besides, the lakes and ponds decreased from 4.11% (44.94 sq.km) to 3.82 % (39.14 sq.km). The research has demonstrated the advantages of QuickBird satellite imagery to provide an exact, cost-effective contribution to prepare a map and investigate LULC changes over an interval.

Attitude and Practice on Foot Care among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern Part of Tamilnadu, India

Introduction : Diabetic foot has got a high prevalence of 52% among diabetics. The duration of hospital stay and physical disability are likely to cause depression and affects overall quality of life. So it is important for general population, to know about Self Care activities which include foot care practice to avert long term complications and improve quality of life which is likely to be effective in reducing the burden of diabetic foot ulcer. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about foot care among Type 2 DM patients in a Tertiary health care center, Tamil Nadu. Method: A cross-sectional study was done during August and September 2021 among diabetic patients after obtaining consent at a Tertiary Hospital in southern district of Tamil Nadu. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 47.56 ± 9.718 years with 55.9% being male and 44.1% female and the majority (65.6%)of subjects was residing in rural areas. Among the participants, 103 (92.8%) were found to have good attitude towards self-care activities whereas69 (62.2%) respondents practiced proper footcare. Age, gender and education were found to have significant association with the practice of proper foot care. Female gender was found to be an independent predictor for practice of adequate foot care. Conclusion: Regardless of good attitude towards diabetic foot care there is considerable resistance in practising it.

Detection of B. anthracis from Environmental Samples during Outbreak in Tamilnadu by Molecular Methods

The study was undertaken during 2013−2017 at Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. Blood smears, soil and environmental samples were collected from 23 sporadic incidences of anthrax reported in different parts of Tamil Nadu from 2013−2017. 11 incidences were presumptively diagnosed as anthrax by detecting capsulated bacilli on polychrome methylene blue staining and microscopy. The spores in soil samples (62) were extracted, cultured and DNA was extracted for molecular method of diagnosis. The molecular method detected twelve incidences as anthrax by amplifying the virulence factors like lef gene (385bp) and capsular gene (264bp) encoded in pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids respectively and chromosomal marker (Ba813) gene (152bp) using multiplex PCR. The partial sequence of cap gene of isolates (Vellore and Nolambur strain) revealed a close relationship with B. anthracis species. The relatedness of the isolated strains to virulent strains such as Ames and Vollum strain on phylogenetic analysis showed the nature of the outbreak. Since the multiplex PCR detects the outbreak with short turn-around time by detecting both chromosomal and Plasmid DNA, considered as a confirmative diagnosis. Further the molecular method of diagnosis precludes the need for culturing thereby avoiding unnecessary occupational risks and environmental contamination.

Teaching English Sentence Structure through Comics an Exploratory Study: Law Students Tamilnadu

AbstractReading habit is loosing its fragrance because of social media and more of distraction with modern gadgets. Even though many online reading sources such as kindle, storytel, reading blogs etc are available in large number but students get deviated from the content and switch on to other app and the major failure is the focus on the prescribed content. Alternative method to inculcate reading habit is the ancient method that is through books, when they touch and feel the books they get to read more. Beard and Rhodes1 experimented comics with MS degree learners and the experiment proved that reading comics helped them to express their thoughts, anxieties etc. Generally many students including adults hesitate to spend time on reading books alternative source to get involved in reading is comics because it is in chunk with animations a delight for both mind and eyes. Esiner2 study stated that usage of comics helped the learner to improve visual and verbal skill. This study focus on the introduction of comics to the law students for teaching sentence structure. As their profession is more of reading and understanding the cases of human, they must be trained with sentence structure. Northern part of Tamilnadu is the target group, which comprises of five college and the experiment was carried with sixty students. The result proves that the students exposed to reading habit was understanding the usage of sentence structure and their creative level of writing skill is witnessed during the research.

Evaluation of water quality for drinking purpose from various zones of southern part of tamilnadu, chennai, india

The objective of this study was to assess the drinking water quality from North, Central, South, and West regions of Chennai. The samples for analysis included metro water, ground water, Reverse Osmosis water, packaged drinking water, mineral water, boiled water, and rainwater. Analysis of sixteen physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids, major cations like calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) and anions like chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F), nitrate (NO3-) and sulphate (SO42-) and heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn2+), magnesium (Mg), and Iron (Fe) are all measured using American Public Health Association (APHA)standard methods of analysis. The results were compared with standard values established by agencies such as World Health Organization (WHO), the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). The Water Quality Index ranged from 11.66 to 147.11. The results indicate that about 52.9% of the water samples investigated in this study is excellent. Keywords: Drinking water, Chennai city, Physico-chemical parameters, Water quality index (WQI).

Diagnostics of Perina nuda (F.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Clearwing tussock moths were collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu, India. The occurrence of Perina nuda (F.) has been documented with morphological studies. Male moths bear no resemblance to females, with almost hyaline forewing and hind wings drab grey to pale purplish grey with a hyaline patch at the apical angle of the hind wing. Females with capucine buff-coloured wings. Males have asymmetrical genitalia with pointed-finger shaped uncus. The species identity was confirmed through DNA barcodes submitted to GenBank (RKB004-21 and MZ540881). The molecular phylogeny revealed that it formed separate clade from the available P. nuda barcodes with a meagre 2% variation.

Modeling investigation of soiling effect on solar photovoltaic systems: New findings

Going towards the use of solar energy or renewable energies in general has been initiated in order to help decreasing greenhouses effect resulted mainly from pollution. Nevertheless, this pollution itself is affecting the efficiency of solar energy systems due to the occurrence of soiling on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) modules. This, reduces the irradiance received by the module, decreases considerably their performance and leading to significant economic losses. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of dust on the transmittance of glass samples installed in parts of Tamil Nadu, India. Two tilt angles (0° and 13°) have been used and samples were observed during four different exposure periods. A comparative analysis also presented in detail between this work and with our previous study conducted in the capital region of Morocco, under two tilt angles (0, 30°) and over four periods as well has been discussed. Based on all these data and other data in the literature, the correlation between the transmittance loss of the glass and the mass density of dust has been studied, and a new and more general model has been created. Lastly, the assessment of the effect of climatic and environmental conditions on soiling effect has also been addressed. The main conclusion resulted from the study is that soiling is really a complex phenomenon, and the effect of the influencing variables is not stable, that depends on the location, the period and on the variety of measurements.

A Study on the Influence of Job Satisfaction on the Quality of Work Life of Higher Secondary School Teachers

In the present era, to attract and retain teachers in a school, it must provide a high degree of Quality of Work Life and better Job satisfaction among teachers. A high level of Quality of Work Life and Job satisfaction is essential for all kinds of institution to delight the existing teachers and to attract new teachers. This research paper highlights the relationship between the Quality of Work Life and Job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers. A sample of 140 higher secondary school teachers from southern part of Tamil Nadu is taken as sample for the research. The findings of the research imply that a positive and significant relationship is seen among Quality of Work Life and Job satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers.

DUS Characterization of Tamil Nadu Traditional Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties

Background: Twenty-seven landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.), collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu, were characterised according to the DUS guidelines of the Plant Varieties Protection and Farmers’ Rights Authority, GOI. Methods: Rice accessions were planted with three replications using the randomized block design (RBD) in 2019 at the Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. Result: Observations were recorded on 49 different agro-morphological traits, out of 49 descriptors analysed, six were monomorphic, seventeen were dimorphic, thirteen were trimorphic, seven were tetramorphic and spikelet: density pubescence of lemma, 1000 grain weight of fully developed grains and decorticated grain colour showed five expressive states and lemma and palea colour reported six expressive states. Contemporary research work will be advantageous for breeders to choose the right parent for crop improvement and the researchers for genetic diversity among landraces.

Perception of Farmers towards Climate Change in Southern Parts of Tamil Nadu: A Critical Analysis

The goal of this research was to look into farmers' perceptions of climate change in agriculture. An ex post facto research design was used in the study. The research was carried out in wetland, dryland, and garden land farming systems in the Tamil Nadu districts of Madurai and Sivagangai. A total of 120 farmers representing three farming systems were chosen and surveyed for the study using a proportionate random sample procedure. Personal interviews with respondents were conducted using a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, more than half of the respondents in the wetland (65.00%), dryland (50.00%), and garden land (55.00%) were perceived climate change in agriculture at a medium level. The majority of the garden land respondents (72.50%) had perceived the increased pest and disease incidence due to climate change than the respondents of wetland (52.50%) and drylands (30.00%). More than three-fifths of the respondents in the study area had perceived the income from agriculture was adversely affected (69.17%) due to climate change followed by the change in crop yield (64.17%) and cost of cultivation was increased (61.67%) due to the climate change. As a result, any intervention that supports the use of climate change adaptation measures may take into account location-specific factors that influence farmers' perceptions of climate change and adaptive responses to it.

A Study on the Revenue Generation Trend of Thiruvallur and Thiruttani Taluks (Viz., Thiruppasur, Siruvanoor, Thiruvallur and Agoor and Pattabiramapuram Villages of Thiruttani) of Tamil Nadu+

Tamilnadu is one of the economically developed states in India, which has 32 districts, taluks in hundreds and villages in thousands. But lots of studies on Tamilnadu’s regional development have found a wide disparity in economic development across the state. The North part of Tamilnadu is a comparatively backward region in general and the districts like Dharmapuri, Villupuram, Tiruvannamalai and Thiruvallur in particular. As a result, it is of special importance and essential to review the rural local bodies finances with reference to backward district in general and Thiruvellur district in particular in the wake of 73rd constitutional amendment.

Perception Level of Small Medium Enterprises Employees and Their Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Practices

Purpose: The current study examines the perception level of environmental-oriented CSR practices among the employees of small-medium enterprises in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Approach/Methodology/Design: It is a cross-sectional field study of environment CSR practices among SMEs employees of Coimbatore district, the western part of Tamil Nadu, India. A multistage random sampling technique is adopted. Sixty-one firms were approached to study the employees’ perception of CSR and environmental impact on CSR. The sample included 369 participants out of the total population of 9027 employees. This study follows the research methodology based on the Eco-labeling principles, designed by the European Commission 2005 Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Bartlett sphericity statistical tests, and Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS version 23 were used.. Findings: The results indicate the significance of SMEs employees’ perception level according to their age, gender and experience. The results reveal that CSR practices towards environments are related to employee perception level. CSR practices play a very predominant role in changing the mindset of the employees working in small-medium enterprises. Practical Implications: This study also paves a way to diverse thoughts in the exploration of the multimodal dimensions of the internal aspects and external CSR practices. Originality/value: The analysis presents the main directions of pro-environmental initiatives undertaken by enterprises and the perception of employees to understand environmental CSR. The results also indicate the differences in the most frequent pro-environmental activities of enterprises operating in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India.

Exploration of Machine Learning Approaches for Paddy Yield Prediction in Eastern Part of Tamilnadu

Agriculture is the principal basis of livelihood that acts as a mainstay of any country. There are several changes faced by the farmers due to various factors such as water shortage, undefined price owing to demand–supply, weather uncertainties, and inaccurate crop prediction. The prediction of crop yield, notably paddy yield, is an intricate assignment owing to its dependency on several factors such as crop genotype, environmental factors, management practices, and their interactions. Researchers are used to predicting the paddy yield using statistical approaches, but they failed to attain higher accuracy due to several factors. Therefore, machine learning methods such as support vector regression (SVR), general regression neural networks (GRNNs), radial basis functional neural networks (RBFNNs), and back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) are demonstrated to predict the paddy yield accurately for the Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ), which lies in the eastern part of Tamil Nadu, South India. The performance of each developed model is examined using assessment metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of variance (CV), and normalized mean squared error (NMSE). The observed results show that the GRNN algorithm delivers superior evaluation metrics such as R2, RMSE, MAE, MSE, MAPE, CV, and NSME values about 0.9863, 0.2295 and 0.1290, 0.0526, 1.3439, 0.0255, and 0.0136, respectively, which ensures accurate crop yield prediction compared with other methods. Finally, the performance of the GRNN model is compared with other available models from several studies in the literature, and it is found to be high while comparing the prediction accuracy using evaluation metrics.

Spatial Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Using GIS and WQI in Gadilam River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India


 
 
 The aims of the current research are to assess the drinking water quality of the groundwater in the Gadilam River Basin, which is located in the northern part of Tamil Nadu, by identifying the groundwater quality index and examine its suitability for drinking. The current work determines the levels of groundwater quality parameters based on 120 groundwater samples; 50 samples from Archaean formation, 34 samples from Quaternary formation, 35 samples from Tertiary formation and the remaining sample from Cretaceous formation. Additionally, this research compares the determined levels with the various standards for drinking. Furthermore, the variability of parameters of the groundwater quality is explored in this paper by using the spatial interpolation method. The conclusion of this research reveals that the groundwater quality parameters such as Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrate (NO32-), Fluoride (F-), Sulphate (SO42-), Bi-carbonate (HCO3-) and Percentage of Hydrogen (pH) values are observed to be within the limiting value for WHO 2017 in all the formations during the seasons in which they were taken. The water quality index (WQI) values of the Archaean, Quaternary and Tertiary formations are found to be less than 100 meq/L in all stations in both seasons. In order of WQI, these stations come under the category of “Excellent” and “Good”. The Piper trilinear classification of groundwater samples fall in the field of mixed Ca-Mg-Cl, and No dominance, some of the samples represent Na-K, Cl types of water.
 
 

A Study on Suprascapular Foramen and Its Clinical Importance: A Cadaveric Study in Western Part of Tamilnadu, India

Background: Suprascapular notch is present along the superior border of the scapula close to the lateral angle, which is converted into a Suprascapular foramen by the transverse Suprascapular ligament. Normally the Suprascapular nerve and vein pass through the foramen below the ligament, while the Suprascapular artery runs above the ligament. Suprascapular nerve entrapment is an interesting clinical condition which is widely involved in this area. Aim of the study: To find out the presence of Suprascapular artery passing along with the Suprascapular nerve and vein within the foramen and any pathology associated with it. Materials and Methods: The proposed study is carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, where 51 well embalmed cadavers of both the sexes and various age groups was utilised. Results: Out of 51 cadavers dissected, we found Suprascapular artery was found passing along with the Suprascapular nerve and vein in 2 of the cadavers, of which one each is found in a male and a female cadaver with an incidence of 3.92%. Conclusion: Studies done earlier pointed out the importance of Suprascapular nerve entrapment, the various causes and predisposing factors responsible for it ,and a knowledge of safe zone around the shoulder region should be known well to the operating surgeon and the available imaging techniques should be utilised by the radiologists in order to avoid the complications while dealing with the Suprascapular nerve entrapment. KEY WORDS: Cadaver, Suprascapular foramen, Suprascapular artery, Nerve entrapment, Transverse Suprascapular ligament.