Internal Combustion Engine Parts Research Articles

A Novel Method for Monitoring the Skinning Process of Sealing Silicones

Tight and faultless sealing is very important, when joining different internal-combustion engine parts (cylinder head – cylinder block – crankcase – oil sump). For this purpose, silicones are widely used. However, the curing process of silicones varies in a wide range – according to assembly line experiments. Environmental conditions as well as the properties of the actual silicone material can strongly affect the curing. Consequently, a local qualification possibility of the supplied silicone at the assembly line would be favourable. We evolved a novel testing method, which give us real-time information about the curing process of a silicon sample. According to this method a machine was built and installed at the motor assembly plant of AUDI HUNGARIA MOTOR Kft. at Győr (Hungary) and patent claim was announced for it at DPMA (German Patent Office).

Tendency of motor oils to form deposits at high temperatures

The tendency of motor oils to form deposits at high temperatures due to destabilization of the colloidal system in thin layers on a heated metal surface is examined. It was assumed that a significant amount of disperse particles (soot) which affect the physicochemical characteristics of diesel oils accumulate in the oils during use. It was shown that the state of internal combustion engine parts and units can be predicted by the change in these characteristics.

New grades of Russian fluororubbers

Characteristics of Russian fluorrubbers and lattices are reported. Fluororubbers form a separate class of specialty fluoropolymers that possess specific features. Their chemical and physico-mechanical characteristics significantly exceed those of hydrocarbon and natural rubbers. Nowadays the fluororubbers are indispensable for production of rubber articles operating in the contact with oils, acids and other aggressive media at a high temperature. The only Russian enterprise manufacturing fluororubbers is the Limited Liability Co “Polymer Plant of the Konstantinov Kirovo-Chepetsk Chemical Industrial Complex.” Until 2006 only two types of fluororubbers were produced: SKF-26 and SKF-32. They are well known at Russian enterprises manufacturing cured goods of specialty applications and supplying the products to car-building plants. The fluororubbers are used for gaskets, oil-retaining rings, glands, and other parts of internal-combustion engines. It should be noted however that alongside the high strength, low compression set, excellent chemical resistance and heat resistance the fluororubbers SKF26 and SKF-32 are difficult for processing. Due to high viscosity and hardness the only processing method suitable for them is pressing. In 2006 a complex modernization of equipment was carried out at the Kirovo-Chepetsk polymer plant that made it possible to put into production new kinds and grades of fluororubber developed in the central laboratory of the plant: SKF-26/3-8 (Elaftor of series 2000), SKF-264/3-9 (Elaftor of series 3000), SKF264V/3-6 (Elaftor of series 7000). All the mentioned fluororubbers are manufactured as granules (see the figure) and sheets. Fluororubbers of this series are of various Mooney viscosity: DOI: 10.1134/S1070363209030359

Laser hardening of iron-alloyed coatings

The results of the investigation of the process of laser treatment of iron-alloyed coatings, and of the structure and wear resistance of the surfaces, obtained in a methyl-sulphate-chloride electrolyte are reported. It is established that, in a multicomponent electrolyte, it is possible to obtain coatings with a thickness not less than 3 mm with a fibrous, granular, and stratified structure. The formation of many macrozones, characterized by different structure and phase transformations, is possible through CO2 laser treatment (LT) of iron-alloyed coatings (IAC). Restored and hardened surfaces of internal-combustion engine parts under conditions that ensure the generation of an amorphous layer have a wear resistance several times higher than untreated alloyed electroplated coatings.

Morphology of dendritic bicrystals in hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys hardened in pressure casting

Hypereutectic silumins that possess a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high wear resistance and hightemperature strength, and excellent casting properties are an indispensable structural material for the production of cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, and other parts of internal combustion engines. In pressure casting of hypereutectic alloys the structure formed is more complex than in hardening in metal or sand molds. In addition to excess silicon crystals and the eutectic such structures contain crystalline formations that are inadmissible in an equilibrium structure. The nonequilibrium components of the structure can transform during operational heatings due to redistribution of the alloying elements, which will inevitably affect the size precision of parts. However, the published data on the structure of hypereutectic silumins formed in pressure casting are quite scarce. The present paper is devoted to the special features of silumins manufactured by pressure casting.

Properties of particulate PVC-metallic explosively compacted aggregates

Unlike compacts of pure ceramics and cermets used extensively in a variety of industrial applications, including sophisticated parts of internal combustion engines and gas turbines, plastics-whether moulded or compacted - have not been utilised as machine- or plant-components. Because of their usually low thermal conductivity and low volume resistivity they are generally regarded as thermal and electrical insulators rather than as industrially viable materials. These limitations are fully recognised and consequently a considerable amount of research has been conducted with a view to extending the scope of polymeric materials. Combinations of polyesters, polycarbonates, polyethylenes and polypropylenes with metallic or non-metallic additives incorporated directly into the polymer chains or used as “fillers”, have produced partially conductive, “semi-insulating” materials with, often, pre-oriented stress properties. However, thorough mixing is possible only if particulate matter is used, and satisfactory results are obtained only when the subsequent compacting process leads to a high degree of consolidation. Although solid-phase static compaction gives high densities at low compacting rates, the pressures generated lie in the low range of 200 to 500 MPa, which precludes the inter-particle bonding necessary for high strength of the compact. This latter property can only be generated by a dynamic compacting process involving the creation and passage of a shock wave, under which circumstances, integrally bonded compacts can be produced. These fall into the four main groups of polymer/polymer aggregates, polymer matrix/ceramic mixtures (developed with a view to enhancing anti-wear and lubrication properties), polymer matrix/metallic composites of interest in the electronic industry, and polymer/chemical powder compacts having potential use in bioengineering applications. Of these, the metallic-content aggregates, with either retained polymeric matrix, or eventually freed of it to exist as a “sponge”-like structure, are of considerable interest and consequently some indication of their likely properties is provided here.

Vibration Analysis of Movable Part of Internal Combustion Engine : Part.2 Combined System of Crank Shaft and Flywheel

Natural frequencies, natural modes and transfer functions of a combination of crankshaft and flywheel are investigated by a reduced impedance method the author proposed. The crankshaft is divided into a straight shaft part and an arm part. The straight shaft part is expressed first by the transfer matrix of Timoshenko beam, which is transformed into an impedance matrix. The arm part and the flywheel are expressed by the finite element method, and the impedance matrix of the arm part and the flywheel is reduced to the degrees of freedom of only the central node of their boundary parts. An equation of motion of the total body is made of these reduced impedance matrices, and this equation is solved to get natural frequencies, natural modes and transfer functions. The calculated results agree well with the experimental ones.

ALUMINUM 380.0

Abstract ALUMINUM 380.0 is a copper-silicon type of aluminum die-casting alloy. It has good castability and fairly good machinability; it is the most widely used aluminum die-casting alloy. It has satisfactory strength and ductility. Among the many applications of Aluminum 380.0 are internal combustion engine parts, pressure-tight castings, ornamental castings and machine frames. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Al-239. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

ディーゼルエンジンのサービス部品管理システム

ディーゼルエンジンのサービス部品管理システム

The Telemetering of Information From a Working Internal-Combustion Engine

This paper describes the problems implicit in obtaining information on movement, temperature, and strain from the reciprocating parts of internal-combustion engines, and considers the various methods of telemetering the information out and the types of transducer which are suitable for use both in conjunction with the telemetering methods to be used and with the environment encountered. The complementary telemetering systems, one using a VHF/FM radio link, which have been developed at the authors’ establishment, are described in detail and their operation in conjunction with transducers for the measurement of movement, temperature, and strain considered. A subminiature inductive transducer specially developed for the noncontact measurement of movements in the frequency range from d-c to 25 kc/s is described in some detail. Results so far obtained from the two systems, particularly in respect of lateral piston movement in the cylinder bore, are presented and the future program of work discussed.

Investigation of motor oil additive detergency under electric field conditions

1. It has been established that an emf of about 1 V is set up between two dissimilar metals separated by a layer of motor oil; with normal clearances between internal combustion engine parts, this will create an electric field intensity of up to several thousand volts per centimeter. 2. A method has been developed for recording automatically the process of washing deposits of radioactive disperse phase from a metal surface by detergent motor oil additives under the influence of an electric field. 3. It has been shown that those additives which give high electrical conductivity in motor oil solutions are capable not only of preventing the formation of deposits of disperse phase on the electrodes under electrical field conditions, but also of washing off preformed deposits.