Partnerships In China Research Articles

The formation of public-private partnerships in China: an institutional perspective

AbstractThis study offers a sociopolitical perspective on the worldwide diffusion of liberalisation reforms in infrastructure industries. It unpacks the heterogeneity in the extent to which the private sector is allowed to participate in these industries through an analysis of the formation of public-private partnerships in Chinese cities. This study considers the effects of horizontal and vertical diffusion mechanisms on the adoption of different types of public-private partnerships in different infrastructure sectors. An analysis of projects with private participation in 333 Chinese cities between 1992 and 2008 reveals that the spatial effects appear to be significantly modulated when the influence from structurally equivalent peer cities are considered; moreover, the effects of the vertical diffusion mechanisms are moderated by the liberalisation index of the contract forms, and the horizontal diffusion mechanisms are moderated by the marketability of the infrastructure segments.

Approaches in rare diseases and pediatrics across international boundaries

Rare diseases are designated as affecting less than 200,000 individuals (US) and of the approximately 7000 designated rare diseases, the majority of these occur in pediatric patients, and across international boundaries. An example is pediatric ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) that is not diagnosed until a previously healthy child presents in the pICU with severe symptoms and in which more children die each year than from cystic fibrosis and leukemia, combined. The Nathaniel Adamczyk Foundation (NAF) is focused on identifying risk factors and opportunities for prevention of this devastating disease. Both the diagnosis and patient management are challenged by having to deal with a syndrome in a critical care situation in a heterogeneous patient population. NAF has undertaken the development of an (inter) national tissue and data repository to support both clinical research and enhanced clinical decision support for patient management. Creation of an analytical platform to integrate, access and analyze temporal clinical data ranging from the pICU to also incorporate neo-natal ICU and pregnancy history is underway with a prototype already in testing. Analytical methods are being evaluated in collaboration with Dr. Mike Quasney (Medical College of Wisconsin) and the Virtual Pediatric ICU and PALISI (Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators). This effort is exploring expanded international partnerships in both Europe and China to increase the accessible data for analysis and to further participate in the development of better diagnostic standards. We will present the initial state of both the analytics and platform development to encourage extension of this international effort to interested clinicians and clinical researchers. We believe that this unique approach, which focuses first on addressing the critical need to improve patient management through disease stratification will not only benefit pARDS but be extensible to many other pediatric rare disorders.

Effects and Influence Factors of In-service Training under the University-School Partnership in China

Effects and Influence Factors of In-service Training under the University-School Partnership in China

EYE ON CHINA

MRC Technology and Yabao Pharmaceuticals enter exclusive partnership in China to develop novel therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. CARsgen completes series A financing. Bitter food but good medicine from cucumber genetics. Aeterna Zentaris and Sinopharm A-Think sign master collaboration agreement for Zoptarelin doxorubicin in China. Plant used in traditional Chinese medicine may treat metabolic diseases and obesity. Evidence that domestic chickens first found in China. Climate change may blunt China's effort to fight disease. Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute founded in Tongji hospital. DKU Campus officially opens. Medical education exchange meeting held to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of relationships between China and France. Hips more popular than knees for large joint replacement surgery in China, says GlobalData analyst.

Impactos da globalização no processo de internacionalização dos programas de educação em gestão

O propósito deste artigo é problematizar os impactos da globalização na educação em Gestão, com base nas alterações ocorridas no contexto internacional contemporâneo, principalmente em termos da inserção de países emergentes tais como Índia, China e Brasil entre os parceiros acadêmicos dos programas de educação em Gestão. Mais especificamente, a contribuição deste artigo decorre da abordagem crítica focada em educação em gestão que reconhece o papel dos países emergentes na produção e consumo do conhecimento. A problematização do tema, de caráter qualitativo, está baseada na descrição e análise do Programa Internacional de Mestrado em Prática de Gestão (IMPM), criado por Henry Mintzeberg, em 1995, com recentes parcerias acadêmicas na China e no Brasil. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os programas internacionais de educação em gestão estão interessados em realizar atividades em países emergentes, mas essas parceiras nem sempre resultam em um papel legítimo que os desloque de suas posições periféricas para o centro da produção de conhecimento em Gestão. Por fim, levantamos o questionamento de que os programas internacionais de educação em gestão, mesmo que presentes nesses países pela realização de módulos locais e participação de indivíduos desses países, continuam funcionando como instrumentos de disseminação do conhecimento em Gestão hegemônico e universal.

Convergence and divergence between the EU and China

The EU and China, the first and third largest economies in the world, launched a strategic partnership in 2003. From the onset, this partnership had two main objectives: deepening and broadening cooperation and enhancing bilateral collaboration on a wide range of policy areas at the global level. On the 10th anniversary of the partnership, this special issue seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, the evolution and current state of EU–China relations, and the divergence and convergence between them on a number of issues. The special issue includes articles setting out the historical and institutional background behind the EU–China partnership, examining their cooperation and problems in the economic, financial, climate change and security fields as well as in relation to third parties. In this way, this special issue covers the most important fields of policy coordination and cooperation between the EU and China. Furthermore, through the examination of EU–China policy cooperation, the papers try to understand and explain how global governance works in practice and the mechanisms whereby two of the most important global actors coordinate their policies and work together. In addition, this special issue seeks to comprehend the nature of the strategic partnership between the EU and China. Forging strategic partnerships has become increasingly common among international actors. However, such partnerships are often criticised for being devoid of real content. The issue examines how the EU– China strategic partnership works as well as the problems that exist between the two partners. The special issue begins with Yongjin Zhang’s examination of the historical background behind Europe–China relations. He does so by examining the role of Matteo Ricci as a cultural agent, a knowledge broker and a practitioner of public diplomacy in fostering bilateral exchanges 400 years ago and his legacies to enriching bilateral relations in the twenty first century. Zhang argues that Ricci’s conception of culture, his wisdom about the power of knowledge and his practice of people-to-people diplomacy would inspire the EU and China in search of a viable strategic partnership. Asia Eur J (2014) 12:1–3 DOI 10.1007/s10308-014-0377-7

Climate change and EU–China partnership: realist disguise or institutionalist blessing?

Both the EU and China are important participants in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The EU’s reliance on legally binding rules and institutions demonstrates its strong belief on institutionalism. While interstate cooperation is certainly necessary, implementation of any international agreement and most of the work needs to be done within a state. Henceforth, an uneasy balance between national interests and international responsibility has to be maintained. In the case of EU–China partnership, the carbon aviation tax issue serves as a good example to examine the realist–institutionalist struggle. Although it is still too early to tell if the EU and China would overcome their major disagreements in the field of climate change, there is reason to believe that an international agreement may be reached by 2015.

Public Private Partnership In China: Where To From Here

The Chinese government has shown an active attitude in encouraging and supporting the participation of private investors in the provision of public infrastructure and services. There is a huge investment opportunity for Public Private Partnership (PPP) in China. However, China has immature regulatory and institutional PPP frameworks. This paper hence aims to review the application of PPP in China and consequently draw lessons for future references. It was found that China has a wealth of experience with PPP under the strong support of central and subnational governments. Given the tremendous economic growth and immense demand for infrastructure, China will continue to have a massive demand for future PPP projects. This paper is important as itscontribution is to summarize the application of PPP in China in terms of opportunities, current usage and future trends.

Emerging Public–Private Partnerships in China's Rail Mass Transit

Chinese cities have embarked on a task to construct rail mass transit systems on an unprecedented scale. Little has been reported on how China's municipalities have managed to secure funding for capital investment and operational subsidy, particularly concerning how private or overseas investors have become involved. Using Shenzhen as a case study, this paper reveals three elements that make public–private partnership work for China's urban mass transit: (a) a deep knowledge of China's formal and informal institutions, (b) a realignment of the goals and constraints for transit operation, and (c) a redesign of the mechanism for revenue stabilization.

Can the pilot public-private partnerships project be applied in future urban rail development?

Purpose– This purpose of this paper is to evaluate the experiences of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in China's urban rail development, investigates the critical factors impacting on the project viability and derives lessons for future urban rail PPP projects in China and elsewhere.Design/methodology/approach– A case study of the Beijing Metro Line 4 project was adopted as the main research method with semi-structured interviews with senior practitioners and experienced academics as the primary data collection instrument. Qualitative data were collected and subjected to content analysis.Findings– The case study provides six critical factors which are required to facilitate PPP urban rail development: streamlined approval process; robust tendering; strong leadership within the public procuring authority; effective organisational structure and the private sector innovation; commensurate charging approach and government subsidising scheme; and appropriate risk allocation. The research shows that the potential to directly re-apply the Beijing Metro Line 4 model to future urban rail development is limited, but lessons for future urban rail PPPs can still be drawn from the study.Practical implications– The paper serves as an illustration to public procuring authorities and potential private investors on how to structure and manage urban rail PPPs.Originality/value– The research presents an original investigation of China’s first urban rail PPP, the Beijing Metro Line 4 project and assesses the applicability of the Beijing model to future PPP projects in urban rail development.

International low carbon technology transfer: Do intellectual property regimes matter?

Transfer of low carbon technologies to developing countries has been recognized as important in global efforts to limit climate change. Yet the mechanics of international technology transfer, especially around intellectual property rights, have remained a controversial issue in international negotiations. Using a new dataset on international partnerships in China and India in three key low carbon technologies—solar photovoltaics, electric vehicles, and coal gasification/integrated gasification combined cycle—and complementary expert interviews we study the dynamics of the transfer of intellectual property and the underlying drivers that guide the development of business strategies and partnerships in the context of transitioning intellectual property regimes in emerging markets. We find that weak intellectual property regimes are indeed a hindrance to the diffusion of certain classes of low carbon technologies: (i) for cutting-edge technologies, (ii) for fully-embodied (explicitly codified) technologies, and (iii) for small firms. However, we also find that intellectual property issues do not represent a barrier to the diffusion of the relatively mature and low to medium cost low carbon technologies that are materially (at scale) most important for carbon dioxide emissions reduction in the short to medium term. Competitive technology supply, shifting market dynamics, and increasingly vigorous domestic innovation coupled with mechanisms and opportunities to structure credible intellectual property deals allow for the diffusion of key low carbon technologies to occur within the context of existing business, political, and institutional structures.

Public–private partnerships in China: A case of the Beijing No.4 Metro line

Through a case study on Beijing's No. 4 Metro line, this paper illustrates benefits, costs, opportunities and risks in public–private partnerships (PPP) in China. It describes the process to land a concession agreement; demonstrates the consequences for revenue and costs from using a private entrepreneur; and estimates the benefits to the public sector. By using a PPP model, the public sector may save up to 31% of its initial investment and 9.4% of total expenses during the concession. The private investor may earn a profit, but bears a risk due to absence of the rule of law.

Archetypes of Inter-firm Relations in the Implementation of Management Innovation: A Set-theoretic Study in China’s Biopharmaceutical Industry

Innovation research increasingly focuses on understanding why and how firms implement new management practices, processes or structures. Emerging in the shadow of research on technological innovation, growing evidence points towards the inter-firm relation as an important locus of innovation. Yet although organizational theory suggests discrete alternative inter-firm coordination mechanisms, the literature on management innovation has thus far treated the inter-firm relation as one broad mode of organizing. This study takes a configurational perspective to identify archetypes of inter-firm relations leading to the implementation of management innovation. Using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyse 56 firm partnerships in China’s biopharmaceutical industry, the empirical evidence identifies four such discrete inter-firm archetypes: organic coalitions, bureaucratic foundations, coalitions of intense interdependency and reciprocal foundations. The results suggest that the type of interdependency, rather than the coordination mechanisms governing inter-firm relations, leads to the implementation of management innovation.

Government-business alliances in state capitalist economies: evidence from low-income markets in China

Based on three in-depth case studies, the study analyzes how and why Chinese enterprises partner with governments in cooperative ventures which aim to simultaneously achieve poverty alleviation objectives and establish profitable business ventures in rural areas. The analysis draws out specific characteristics of three government-business partnerships in China, which vary in terms of governance structure, resource complementarity and incentives. The findings show that in this state capitalist system, outcomes of government-business partnerships depend on firms having unique resources and capabilities that serve particular policy objectives of the government. By the same token, in order to make partnerships attractive to firms, national and local governments must hold the keys to unique resources needed by enterprises looking to do business in low-income markets. The cases further illustrate that, in order to build and maintain successful government-business partnerships over time, the alignment of incentives plays an important role. In sum, complementary resources and well-aligned interests between firms and governments help to explain why some government-enterprise partnerships are more successful than others.

Strategic Drivers of International Low-Carbon Technology Transfer

Transfer of low-carbon technologies (LCTs) to developing countries has been recognized as important in global efforts to limit climate change. Yet the mechanics of international technology transfer, especially around intellectual property (IP) rights, have remained a controversial issue in international negotiations. Using a new dataset on international partnerships in China and India in three key LCTs — solar photovoltaics, electric vehicles, and coal gasification/IGCC — and complementary expert interviews we study the dynamics of the transfer of IP and the underlying drivers that guide the development of business strategies and partnerships in the context of transitioning IP regimes in emerging markets. We find that weak IP regimes are indeed a hindrance to the diffusion of certain classes of LCTs: (i) for cutting-edge technologies, (ii) for fully-embodied (explicitly codified) technologies, and (iii) for LCTs from small firms. However, we also find that IP issues do not represent a barrier to the diffusion of the relatively mature and low to medium cost LCTs that are materially (at scale) most important for CO2 emissions reduction in the short to medium term. Competitive technology supply, shifting market dynamics, and increasingly vigorous domestic innovation (in emerging markets) coupled with mechanisms and opportunities to structure credible IP deals allow for the diffusion of key LCTs to occur within the context of existing business, political, and institutional structures.

Private Equity Limited Partnerships in China: A Critical Evaluation of Active Limited Partners

Although current academic thinking tells us that private equity investors are generally passive in the management of funds, Chinese private equity market is dominated by funds whose investors are relatively active. The interference of limited partners in a fund's management triggers internal conflicts between partners. This article examines the legal and practical reasons for this phenomenon. Based on extensive interviews with market participants, it is found that the agency problems, the legal weaknesses of limited partners under Chinese law and several regulatory constraints on China's private equity industry have influenced the decisions of investors to pursue active strategies in funds. This article also examines the effectiveness of the control rule and a few of the common private contractual arrangements in addressing the agency problem in the context of Chinese private equity funds, and suggests strategies to mitigate the problem.

A Comparative Study on the Legal Systems of the Limited Partnership in China and in South Korea

A Comparative Study on the Legal Systems of the Limited Partnership in China and in South Korea

Commentary: Public–Private Partnerships in China

Public Administration ReviewVolume 73, Issue 2 p. 311-312 ARTICLE Commentary: Public–Private Partnerships in China Mei Wang, Mei Wang National Economic Research Institute, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Mei Wang, Mei Wang National Economic Research Institute, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 February 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12015Citations: 6 Mei Wang is executive deputy director of the National Economic Research Institute in Beijing. She worked with the World Bank as a senior economist for more than 10 years in both the Washington, D.C., headquarters and in the Beijing offi ce. She is an expert in public fi nance. E-mail: meiwang@neri.org.cn Public–Privat Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume73, Issue2March/April 2013Pages 311-312 RelatedInformation

Стратегічне партнерство в зовнішній політиці Китаю (висновки для України)

Стратегічне партнерство в зовнішній політиці Китаю (висновки для України)

Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation Efforts through Sino-American Collaboration

This article reviews the pros and cons of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) climate change mitigation regime and the polycentric initiatives that have arisen in response to phlegmatic progress in international climate change mitigation efforts. It concludes that the combined efficacy of the UNFCCC regime and these polycentric initiatives embody necessary but insufficient efforts to avert the perils associated with amplified climate change scenarios. The author concludes by proposing that a bilateral agreement between the USA and China that focuses on exploiting national commercial synergies represents a promising strategy through which to encourage enhanced commitment by these two key nations to greenhouse gas reduction. Regardless of whether or not a US–China partnership materialises, the notion of bilateral agreements between developed and developing nations—such as Japan and Brazil, or India and the EU block of nations—and of the ensuing competition among these national pairings could be a missing element to more effective climate change mitigation efforts.