Partnership Scheme Research Articles

PPP as a Creative Financing Innovation in The Financing of Makassar Parepare Railway Infrastructure

Provision of infrastructure is needed to accelerate economic growth, improve people's welfare, and realize the availability of better public services. The involvement of the private sector as an innovation in infrastructure development will create better public services. The Government of Indonesia introduced the Public - Private Partnership (”PPP”) scheme in the provision of infrastructure to provide a room for the Government to cooperate with the private sector based on the principle of proportional risk allocation. The PPP project with the Availability Payment (AP) scheme is something new in Indonesia. PT Celebes Railway Indonesia (PT CRI) with its project" Makassar-Parepare Railway " is the first project to use this scheme.

A systematic review of the interrelation of administrative, Environmental, Social and Governance of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Spaceport Project in Biak, Papua, Indonesia

This paper aims to explain the administrative and the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) of the Indonesian Spaceport Project in Biak, Papua, Indonesia, under the Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) scheme, particularly from the protest to fear of environmental damage and traditional rights. This paper analyzes the factors that cause the local society’s reluctance to accept the development of Indonesia’s very first commercial spaceport. This paper uses a doctrinal methodology, which examines changes in the trend of ESG in implementing PPP projects. The method used is a qualitative systematic review of national and international studies. This paper finds that the lack of legal certainty for administrative and ESG as the main factor contributing to the pitfall of the PPP project in Biak Papua. No clear Government Contracting Agency (GCA), plus the fact that the Indonesian government puts too much weight on business consideration in PPP while Papuan people need more ESG, especially considering the historical conflict in the region, has been the epicenter of the problem. Given the ESG-PPP regulatory failure of spaceport development in Biak, more focused studies using comparative study methodology are needed to propose a more robust and customized ESG in PPP regulations in a politically and historically sensitive area. The authors forward a regulatory reform to balance administration, ESG, and business considerations in PPP projects for a spaceport.

Engaging the Private Health Service Delivery Sector for TB Care in India-Miles to Go!

More than half of the people with TB in India seek care from the private sector, where suboptimal quality of care is a concern. Significant progress has been made over the last five years to expand the coverage and to involve more private sector providers in TB care under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) in India. The objective of this review is to describe the major efforts and the progress made with regard to the engagement of the 'for-profit' private health service delivery sector for TB care in India, to critically discuss this, and to suggest the way forward. We described the recent efforts by the NTEP for private sector engagement based on the literature, including strategy documents, guidelines, annual reports, evaluation studies, and critically looked at the strategies against the vision of partnership. The NTEP has taken a variety of approaches, including education, regulation, provision of cost-free TB services, incentives, and partnership schemes to engage the private sector. As a result of all these interventions, private sector contribution has increased substantially, including TB notification, follow-up, and treatment success. However, these still fall short of achieving the set targets. Strategies were focused more towards the purchase of services rather than creating sustainable partnerships. There are no major strategies to engage the diverse set of providers, including informal health care providers and chemists, who are the first point of contact for a significant number of people with TB. India needs an integrated private sector engagement policy focusing on ensuring standards of TB care for every citizen. The NTEP should adopt an approach specifically tailored to the various categories of providers. For meaningful inclusion of the private sector, it is also essential to build understanding and generate data intelligence for better decision making, strengthen the platforms for engagement, and expand the social insurance coverage.

Application of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology to KWT “Sido Makmur” Oyster Mushroom Cultivation

Ngaran Hamlet, an area in Gilangharjo Village, Pandak District, Bantul Regency, DIY, has a Women Farmers Group (KWT), "Sido Makmur," which is engaged in oyster mushroom cultivation. One of the challenges KWT "Sido Makmur" faces is the fluctuation and instability of oyster mushroom production due to environmental conditions around the mushroom barn, which are not always ideal. To overcome this, the Community Service Team from Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), in collaboration with Singapore Polytechnic (SP), carried out Community Service activities under the Community Partnership (PKM) scheme. This service aims to assist KWT "Sido Makmur" in facing the challenges of oyster mushroom production by designing and implementing Appropriate Technology in the form of a temperature and humidity monitoring system in mushroom barns based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The service team's programs and activities include planning, designing, implementing, testing, and analyzing the IoT technology-based mushroom monitoring system for temperature and humidity. This system allows oyster mushroom farmers in Ngaran Hamlet to monitor the condition of the mushroom coop in real-time and remotely via the IoT platform to increase the productivity of oyster mushrooms optimally. The results of the implementation and testing of the system show that the monitoring tool for temperature and humidity in the IoT-based mushroom barn has been proven to function properly in accordance with the design planning and expectations of oyster mushroom farmers in Ngaran Hamlet.

Development of Waqf Objects through Public Private Partnership (PPP) as a Means of Infrastructure Development for the Public Interest

Waqf as an amaliyah service should be an instrument to improve the welfare of the wider community. Various waqf cases in the Religious Courts can be a reflection for the future so that the objects that have been pledged can be fit for their intended purpose. With a public private partnership (PPP) scheme, existing waqf objects will be more optimally developed. To follow up on efforts to develop waqf objects, research was carried out using a type of normative legal research that relies on related principles and norms. The legal materials used are primary legal materials in the form of decisions and statutory regulations related to waqf and PPP. Meanwhile, the secondary legal materials used are journals and books on waqf law, PPP, and land acquisition for development in the public interest. The results of the research found that so far efforts to develop waqf objects are still very minimal, on the other hand, there are also government provisions through Law 2/2012 PTBPUKU which require citizens to surrender their land rights if they are affected by construction for the public interest. This provision is in line with Law 41/2004 concerning Waqf which requires that waqf objects can be used for public purposes as long as they obtain permission from the Minister through the waqf body. Apart from that, in the context of development for the public interest and development of waqf objects, the government often uses the PPP model to financially optimize waqf objects. The most ideal scheme to use in increasing waqf objects can be carried out in the form of PPP in the form of BOT, BOOT or ROOT. Its use and designation are adjusted to the permits and designation of the waqf pledge as stated in statutory regulations and sharia principles.

Core-Plasma Pattern Partnership Agreement with Micro-Small Business based on the Perspective of Competition Law


 Partnership agreements that aim to mutually benefit both parties, especially empowering micro and small businesses, often have unfavorable consequences for parties whose bargaining position is weak, so that the business competition authority is also given supervisory authority over the implementation of the agreement. The imbalance in bargaining position in this agreement is the reason for writing to raise the issue of understanding owning and/or controlling micro and small businesses according to the applicable regulations and how it is implemented in the nucleus plasma partnership scheme for the oil palm plantation sector. This normative research includes prescriptive research using secondary data which is analyzed qualitatively and concluded using deductive methods. The results of this study indicate that the notion of having is defined as ownership of equity or capital, while the term control focuses more on managerial control which ultimately has an impact on asset control. The partnership agreement contains several clauses that have the potential to own and/or control micro-small businesses according to Law 20/2008 jo. Law 11/2020, besides that, it also has the potential to violate the provisions or principles of unfair business competition. However, this potential violation is difficult for competition authorities to reach due to the absence of technical regulations that explain the meaning of owning and/or controlling micro and small businesses. Therefore, KPPU needs to prepare further regulations in the form of guidelines that explain the limitations.

Governance of Street Lighting Provision in System Context, Driver, and Collaboration Dynamics Dimensions

Energy efficiency is currently a very popular topic because the world's need for energy continues to increase every year. Street lighting is one sector that has great potential to be targeted for energy efficiency. The use of energy-saving street lighting technology is not easy to realize, due to limited technical knowledge, namely, the components of street lighting do not meet the Indonesian National Standard. Meanwhile, non-technical problems are limited budgets in providing street lighting. If the procurement of street lighting is associated with government budget constraints, then it is not wrong for the provision to be handed over to businesses or private entities. In this study, researchers analyzed the process of collaborative governance and the Public-Private Partnership scheme in providing street lighting in the city of Bandung. This study uses a qualitative approach. Determination of the sample by using critical sampling. Data collection techniques by performing observation, interview, documentation tracing, and audiovisual while the operational design in this study uses an integrative framework for a collaborative governance approach, namely system contexts, drivers, and collaboratives dynamics.

The Influence of Capital and Transportation in the Implementation of the Public Private Partnership Scheme

Indonesia as a country that is currently carrying out developments requires a lot of funds to carry out infrastructure development. The methods used carrying out infrastructure development is by implementing a Public Private Partnership or PPP scheme. Several experts have put forward the definition of PPP, which is contained in No. 38 of 2015 Presidential Regulation concerning Government Cooperation with Business Entities in the Provision of Infrastructure. In reality the implementation of the PPP scheme is said to be able to influence several things including the use of capital and transportation.

The Influence of Capital and Transportation in the Implementation of the Public Private Partnership Scheme

The Influence of Capital and Transportation in the Implementation of the Public Private Partnership Scheme

A Medieval Rural Domestic Structure at Quien, Isle of Bute

Archaeological investigations were undertaken at Quien, Isle of Bute in 2010 as part of the Discover Bute Landscape Partnership Scheme. Excavations demonstrated that a putative early medieval chapel in fact dates to between the 11 th and 13 th centuries AD. Associated artefacts from the surrounding enclosure bank suggest a more domestic character to the structure. An isolated pit also provided evidence of prehistoric activity in the vicinity.

Strengthening Stakeholder Partnership in Plastics Waste Management Based on Circular Economy Paradigm

Indonesia became the second-largest global marine plastics contributor, with annual plastic marine debris estimated at 0.48–1.29 million metric tons per year. In Jakarta’s coastal area, 59% of the marine litter is plastics. The circular economy is a new paradigm adopted in plastic waste management in Indonesia, and research in this area continues to grow. This circular economy paradigm requires sufficient collaboration among stakeholders in plastic waste management. However, the data on Indonesia’s best partnership scheme for plastic waste management is still lacking. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the most feasible partnership scheme that brings the most effective plastics waste handling and economic benefit. This study used a quantitative questionnaire followed by an interview to provide information about stakeholders’ participation in plastic waste management in Central Jakarta. A stakeholder analysis was employed to assess the best partnership scheme. The result finds that the public-government partnership is the most feasible and sustainable partnership to be implemented in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Collaboration between the public and government could enlarge service coverage in managing plastic waste based on the circular economy paradigm. Strengthening the public-government scheme contributes positively to the plastics collection rate, recycling rate, benefit-sharing, and positive perspective among stakeholders.

KEADILAN DALAM PEMBIAYAAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA

Infrastructure have a crucial role in the development of a country. The availability of adequate infrastructure makes it easier for the population to access their basic needs, such as highways, public transportation, clean water, and employment opportunities. In this regard, the government has been actively involved in sustainable infrastructure development, considering various aspects such as economic, social, cultural, and environmental to ensure that no aspect is neglected. Of course, such infrastructure development requires sufficient funding, one of which is through private investors, such as infrastructure financing companies. The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of equitable infrastructure financing in Indonesia, aiming to achieve the expected outcomes of such development. The research method employed in this study is a normative juridical approach, utilizing legal regulations and a conceptual approach. The findings of this research reveal that infrastructure financing in Indonesia is not solely reliant on the national budget (APBN) but also involves private investors. The collaboration between the government and private investors in infrastructure financing is facilitated through the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme, with project execution under the Private Sector Participation (KPS). Furthermore, the government has introduced various policies and strategies to realize equitable infrastructure development in Indonesia.

Exceptions for stop building coal-fired power plants in Indonesia

Indonesia planned to stop building new Coal-Fired Power Plants after 2023 which are in line with its NDC for Global Climate Change Regimes. But, Joko Widodo, Indonesia President, issued regulations that the government will allow to build new coal-fired power plants until 2030. This paper will explain Indonesia policy in allowing the construction of new coal-fired power plants. By using international regimes in renewable energy approach, Indonesia's role in fulfilling the needs in energy and also commitment to transform to clean energy will be explained. The Results of this paper show that Indonesia used rhetoric to show their commitment to get international support in funding for renewable energy developments. Yet, Indonesia allowing the construction of new coal-fired power plants has been used for bargaining positions for most of its interest in international forums. Indonesia got $20 billion deals from G7 Countries for transitions in The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) scheme but is still getting international attention to get more investments. Indonesia also handled most of Non Governmental Organizations efforts to stop building new coal-fired power plants by making public statements for its reliable plant of transitions. In conclusion, Indonesia is using coal-fired power plants rhetoric to get funding for its transitions coping with the climate changes agenda in energy sectors.

A review on the success factors of crowdfunding-based to finance small-scale infrastructure projects

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) schemes in delivering economic and social infrastructure are growing in developing countries worldwide. Various developing countries, including Indonesia, has also been preparing and developing numerous projects, ranging from larger-scale economic infrastructures that include toll roads to multifunction satellites and smaller-scale social infrastructures that include water supply, solid-waste management, and regional hospital projects. With the increasing numbers of smaller infrastructure projects proposed by the local government, attracting financers to invest in these projects is still a challenge the government faces. Financial institutions are still averse to making the appraisal and due diligence to such projects, owing to the nature of little historical evidence of private finance involvement in small-scale infrastructure finance. In some western countries, citizens have taken the initiative to forward and finance their local infrastructure development due to realizing the social, economic, and environmental benefits of civic projects for the local community. Theoretical research has shown the opportunity of utilizing crowdfunding for local urban infrastructure; however, the factors contributing to benefit from this finance method are yet to be identified. This paper seeks to answer questions on what success factors contribute to the opportunity to adapt the crowdfunding scheme to finance a smaller-scale urban infrastructure project by conducting qualitative literature review.

A Study in Government Procurement System: Public-Private Partnership for Infrastructure in Energy Sector

Public-private partnerships scheme are increasingly being employed as an alternative government procurement for delivering public services for the past two decades. The collaboration between public and private in the energy infrastructure development has become an interesting topic to be researched especially in the implementation of PPP in energy sector. This study aims to analyze what are the main theme of research in PPP in energy infrastructure development. Using Systematic Literature Review, this qualitative research wants to discuss further about what are the trend of research theme from 2010 to 2020, in different continents and the impact of Accounting to PPP and the connection of PPP research to Accounting and Finance theory. The data were taken from journals that already published from highly selected international journal. The study found that research quality was 48% published in Q1 Scopus Indexed journals. The most popular topics in the body of research are PPP challenges; the importance of the PPP project; Project Management and Regulatory Implications; Risk Management and PPP Financing. In PPP studies there are several topics relate to accounting and theory and Finance which are Cost and Management Accounting and Risk Management on allocating risk and PPP Financing for setting the project implementation more efficient and to create Value for Money.

Socialization and education on utilization of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and Village Community Economic Empowerment Through Silvofishery in Kedai Damar Village, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra


 The service team carried out was entitled "Utilization of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) for Village Mapping and Economic Empowerment of Village Communities Through Silvofishery in Kedai Damar Village, " Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra.PKM activities with this partnership scheme focus on the field of information technology with geospatial information systems through drones for mapping village administrative centers. Some people in Kedai Damar Village have a livelihood as casual daily laborers, farmers, and entrepreneurs. Partner problems that become priority are: (1) There is no mapping of the central area of ​​the village administration, and (2) Lack of community knowledge of land use through silvofishery. Therefore, the solution offered is using drone technology (Unmanned Aeriel Vechiel) for mapping village administration and increasing the skills and insight of the village community by training on land use based on the silvofishery system as a solution to improving the economy of the Kedai Damar Village community. The main objective of this service is to map Kedai Damar Village's administrative center. Immigrant communities can utilize this map as a public service. Another goal is to train the community by increasing community skills through silvofishery-based land use for catfish and eel cultivation and reforestation with guava, jengkol, and petai seeds.

Implementasi Metode Project Development Routemap pada Proyek KPBU Di Indonesia

The availability of road infrastructure is one of the important aspects of accelerating the national development process. With all the fiscal limitations in financing the need for large infrastructure provisions, an optimal funding strategy is needed to achieve development goals through alternative financing of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme to bridge the financing gap through investment. However, the realization of infrastructure investment is a complex matter, so a quality PPP project preparation and planning process is needed so the project visions can be achieved effectively and efficiently. This study aims to observe the application of the Project Development Routemap Method on the Gedebage – Tasikmalaya – Cilacap Toll Road project which is a project carried out by PPP scheme. The Project Development Route map Method assessed the complexity and strategic risk of a project and assessed the capability of key areas of responsibility involved, as well as developed recommendations and action plans as research outputs. Based on the result of the study, it was found that The Gedebage – Tasikmalaya – Cilacap Toll Road is a high-complexity project. The capabilities of the stakeholders including Sponsors (PJPK), Clients (BUJT), Aset Managers (Operators), and Markets (Service Providers) are currently working appropriately, but there are still some areas that need to be improved. Six areas needed improvement, and three practices that were appropriate and needed to be continued.

The Post-COVID-19 Era, Fourth Industrial Revolution, and New Globalization: Restructured Labor Relations and Organizational Adaptation

This paper explores the directions of adaptation for socioeconomic organizations in the current global crisis and restructuring. We carry out an integrative and critical review, presenting the main questions—and possible directions of response—concerning how the post-COVID-19 era, the fourth industrial revolution, and new globalization seem to affect contemporary labor relations. We focus on the different levels of their manifestation (macro, meso, and micro levels), emphasizing worsening inequality trends in the work environment and the resulting organizational readaptation that seems to be required nowadays. The restructured labor markets can benefit from the diffusion of institutional innovations based on integrated social partnership schemes at the macro–meso–micro levels. We emphasize organizational adaptation at the microlevel, as the innovation and change management mechanisms it enables, presupposes, and harnesses are imperative for exiting any crisis.

Optimalisasi Produksi Sari Kedelai Sehat dalam Upaya Pembinaan Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Kualu, Kecamatan Tambang, Kabupaten Kampar

Mutiara Ayu is a Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) which was founded by a group of housewives in Mutiara Kualu 8 Housing, Kualu Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency, which produces Healthy Soybean Extract. Since its establishment in November 2020, MSME Mutiara Ayu has been experiencing various problems in running its business. The University of Riau Abdimas team, in partnership with MSME Mutiara Ayu, provided assistance to solve the problems being faced in the form of increasing knowledge and skills to improve product quality and quantity. The community partnership scheme service program was carried out for two months, namely July – August 2022, involving Real Work Lecture (Kukerta) students. This program was carried out in several stages of implementation, namely: (1) The preparation stage includes coordination with partner MSMEs, analysis of business conditions, recruitment, briefing with the community service team and students, coordination with various related parties, identification of needs, and analysis of instruments, (2) The implementation phase includes the provision of instruments and training, technical guidance, and assistance. (3) The monitoring and evaluation phase includes coordination with partner MSMEs, village parties, and Kukerta students. The results achieved in the Kukerta-integrated Abdimas program are an increase in product quality and quantity as well as an increase in the knowledge and skills of MSME Partners related to production and business management, which is expected to increase Mutiara Ayu's MSME income in the future.

Evaluation Criteria of Facilities Management Through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Scheme

The delivery of facilities management (FM) services through the Public-Private Partnership scheme has been increasing in recent years. The long-term success of this partnership depends mainly on the choice of the best-suited private partner. However, an issue regarding the unavailability of evaluation criteria was discovered when selecting the best FM service providers within this scheme. Preliminary research shows that evaluation criteria are the fundamental elements of the FM procurement process, yet little attention is given to this subject. The evaluation criteria are fundamental in choosing the most qualified FM service providers, especially ina complex project like PPP. Thus, this research aims to identify the evaluation criteria for FM through the PPP scheme. An in-depth literature review was conducted in this paper. The focus of the review was associated with the evaluation criteria of FM service providers in the PPP scheme. This paper identified four criteria that should be considered, namely clients’ requirements, external environment/factors, project characteristics, and financial advantages. The outcome of this paper can be used as a theoretical basis for the development of the FM procurement framework for the PPP scheme.