Partner Engagement Research Articles

Conceptualising and maintaining partnership engagement, what is required? An analysis of three third-party policing partnerships in Australia and the UK

Third-party policing (TPP) partnerships provide police agencies with an opportunity to address underlying social issues, and allow for longer-term solutions to crime and the development of innovative crime-reduction strategies. A review of the multi-agency policing partnership literature identifies a range of formal and informal factors that impact on implementation and partnership engagement. However, the literature is limited in terms of how and why these factors facilitate or inhibit implementation, and/or how these factors interact. This article applies an international case study methodology involving 55 semi-structured interviews with police officers and representatives from partner agencies across three TPP partnerships, two in Queensland, Australia and one in the United Kingdom. The key findings highlight a range of factors that are important. Five of these are imperative to the successful implementation and sustainability of TPP partnerships and continued partner engagement: (a) clear and shared aims and objectives for the partnership; (b) commitment from management and all involved to partnership working and adequate resourcing; (c) trust, respect and open communication between the partners; (d) information-sharing protocols; and (e) measuring the performance of the partnership. This article further shows that these factors are interdependent and should be considered in the context of the others.

WhatsApp and Zoom for communication activities: speaking proficiency and learner perceptions

ABSTRACT This study explores the perceptions of learners and instructors regarding mobile learning tasks, comparing WhatsApp and Zoom as platforms for facilitating second language (L2) speaking and overall language skills. Grounded in sociointeractionist theories of second language acquisition (SLA), the research involved novice-high Spanish learners who engaged in weekly Communication Activities via WhatsApp text messaging or Zoom video calls. Findings indicate that while both platforms provided valuable opportunities for language practice outside the classroom, participants preferred face-to-face interactions via Zoom. Despite the familiarity with text messaging, WhatsApp was less favored due to logistical challenges, participants’ unfamiliarity with the platform, and a misalignment of task design and modality. The study highlights the importance of intentional task design and the role of partner engagement in the success of language learning activities. While a cross-modality transfer effect–practicing language in one modality (e.g. text) influencing proficiency in another modality (e.g. speech)– was not strongly supported, the research highlights the potential of mobile learning platforms to create low-stress, informal environments conducive to language development. These insights are valuable for language educators integrating mobile devices and text messaging into language teaching, emphasizing the need for clear guidance, consistent support, and task alignment with learners’ interests.

ENHANCING DEMENTIA CARE PARTNER ENGAGEMENT IN FALL PREVENTION PROGRAMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract Community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment/dementia (CI/D) experience a higher risk of falls than age-matched peers without CI/D. Fall prevention programs for this population often engage their family/friend care partners. Care partner engagement (CPE) has five components: care partners’ recruitment, retention, attendance, active participation, and maintenance of changes. Little is known about the facilitators and barriers that impact CPE in those programs and strategies used to enhance CPE. We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42023422200). Twenty-nine unique fall prevention programs from 32 studies were included. Most studies described retention (n=19, 60%), attendance (n=12, 38%), and active participation (n=32, 100%) aspects of CPE. Fewer studies illustrated factors related to care partner recruitment (n=6, 19%) and maintenance of change (n=6, 19%). Commonly reported CPE facilitators were older people with CI/D and care partners’ perceived benefits and suitableness of the fall prevention programs and positive relationships between the dyads. The main barriers to CPE are the dyads’ poor health and the burden related to the study logistics of participating in the programs. Program characteristics (e.g., structured/group format, social engagement opportunities, delivery mechanisms, timing) and providers’ characteristics are commonly reported organizational-level factors impacting CPE. Twenty-seven studies mentioned the use of educational (e.g., training, consultation, booklet), relational (e.g., strengthening care relationships, engaging paid caregivers), and behavioral strategies (e.g., action plans, visual reminders, cognitive approach, tracking logs) to promote CPE. Findings proposed a theoretical framework and identified potential strategies to enhance CPE in fall prevention programs for older people with CI/D.

Measuring Outcomes for Community Partner Engagement: The Case of the High-Fidelity Wraparound Program for Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the processes for convening and engaging an advisory board to guide the conduct of a research study of the Type 1 Diabetes Wraparound Program (T1DWP) and associated outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited a diverse advisory board (n = 21) consisting of youth with type 1 diabetes, parents/advocates, and health system partners. The board met monthly over 2 years to discuss all phases of the T1DWP study. We evaluated aspects of engagement and satisfaction among advisory board members using a monthly experience survey on a five-point Likert scale (ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree) and outcomes, including modifications to the research materials, the study protocol, and implementation. RESULTS We received 10 ± 3 survey responses per meeting, with representation from every role at each meeting. The overall stakeholder satisfaction score increased from 4.5 at baseline to 5.0 at month 6 and was maintained at 5.0 at month 24 as the research team responded to feedback. Average scores for specific processes of engagement were high: expectation setting (4.6 ± 0.3), co-learning (4.6 ± 0.3), transparency (4.6 ± 0.3), and decision-making (4.7 ± 0.2). Changes to the T1DWP study resulting from advisory board input included inclusion of nine additional patient-reported measures and specific diabetes resources and programming. Furthermore, the board contributed to hiring of T1DWP study staff, fundraising activities, and clinical integration of the T1DWP, demonstrating stakeholder empowerment and knowledge translation to the clinical setting. CONCLUSION Our processes led to several meaningful contributions to the research study. This experience illustrates the willingness and importance of partnering with stakeholders to help shape resources and programs in pediatric diabetes intervention research.

Leveraging group model building to operationalize implementation strategies across implementation phases: an exemplar related to child maltreatment intervention selection

BackgroundImplementation strategies can help support the adoption and implementation of health interventions that are appropriate for a local context and acceptable to decision makers and community members. Implementation strategies should be designed to handle the complexity of the multi-level, dynamic contexts in which interventions are implemented. Systems science theories and methods explicitly attend to complexity and can be valuable for specifying implementation strategies. Group Model Building (GMB) combines research partner engagement strategies with systems science to support researchers’ and partners’ learning about complex problems and to identify solutions through consensus. This paper specifies how GMB can operationalize implementation strategies — methods for supporting evidence implementation in real-world practice — and describes how GMB can aid in selecting and tailoring both health interventions and implementation strategies. A case study in child maltreatment prevention planning is provided to illustrate how GMB was used to specify the “actions” — strategy activities — for three implementation strategies (conduct local consensus discussions; build a coalition; model and simulate change) during the earliest implementation phases, with the goal of supporting intervention selection decisions. Examples are provided of generalizable research products that can be produced concurrently through GMB, in addition to contextually-driven implementation support.MethodsParticipants (n = 8) were engaged over four sessions using tailored GMB activities. Participants generated a qualitative system dynamics model that described their theory of change for how to prevent child maltreatment in their communities. This theory of change reflected a dynamic understanding of the interconnected determinants of child maltreatment.ResultsGMB was acceptable to participants and resulted in products that could be used for implementation planning (e.g., to model and simulate change) and future research. GMB fostered trust and idea sharing between participants.ConclusionGMB can facilitate learning about which outcomes are (or are not) impacted by interventions, which resources and approaches are required for quality implementation (e.g., implementation strategies), and tradeoffs in outcomes and resources between interventions. GMB also provides a structured, effective process to generate a shared implementation vision amongst participants. Lessons learned include methods for developing trust with and between participants, and the need for researchers to tailor GMB actions for participant and project needs.

Cobuilding patient and public capacity in knowledge synthesis: designed and delivered by patient and public partners for patient and public partners.

To describe the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Evidence Alliance's cocreation and evaluation of two capacity building courses on knowledge synthesis for patient and public partners. Two 3-week courses were collaboratively designed by, with, and for patient and public partners on engagement in knowledge synthesis. The first course, offered virtually in 2021, focused on patient and public engagement in systematic reviews and rapid reviews. The second course was offered virtually in 2022 with an expanded scope covering the most common type of knowledge synthesis (eg, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, scoping reviews, overview of reviews) under systematic, rapid, and living review contexts. A total of 46 patient and public learners were trained across the two courses. Learners represented 11 provinces and territories in Canada, with two-third of learners residing in Ontario across both years (2021: 39%; 2022: 35%). Weekly formative evaluations and a summative evaluation were conducted for both courses. The evaluations revealed that the majority of respondents agreed (2021: 91%; 2022: 88%) that they achieved their learning goals and that their overall learning experience was valuable (2021: 95%; 2022: 89%). The capacity-building courses in 2021 and 2022 successfully engaged 46 patient and public partners across Canada. As a result, these partners are now well-prepared to participate in knowledge synthesis activities. The positive experiences from respondents indicated successful and satisfactory experiences and that similar capacity building opportunities should be offered to continue to address research capacity gaps. In 2021 and 2022, the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Evidence Alliance adopted a cocreation approach to deliver two courses on patient and public engagement in knowledge synthesis for patient and public partners. These courses aimed to build confidence and provide foundational knowledge for patient and public partner engagement in knowledge synthesis. A total of 46 learners were trained across the two courses. Formal evaluations revealed that the courses were effective in meeting their learning goals. Feedback suggests a continued need and opportunity to offer similar courses designed by, with, and for patient and public partners.

Nurse Leader Perspectives on Precepting in a Graduate Nursing Administration Practicum.

To describe practicum experiences as perceived by nurse leader preceptors of graduate students in a nursing administration practicum. Practicum experiences in graduate nursing administration programs provide students with exposure to the real-life experiences of nurse leaders, bridging the gap between academic knowledge gained and the application of that information to the workplace. The literature lacks best practices for graduate nursing administration practicum experiences. Eight nurse leaders were interviewed using a semistructured format. Data were transcribed and subjected to selective thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: professional and personal growth, transition of education into practice, academic partner engagement and support, time, and contributions to the organization. Leadership practicum experiences provide a real-world perspective and are an essential part of growing future nurse leaders. This study yielded invaluable insight from nurse leader preceptors, recommendations for structuring graduate nursing administration practicums, and implications for sustaining resilient academic-practice partnerships.

The Use of Arts-Based Methods to Enhance Patient Engagement in Health Research.

Patient and care partner engagement in research (PER) is important in generating knowledge to improve healthcare. Arts-based methods (ABM) use art in the research process to share aesthetic knowledge, which is knowledge that may be too complex to share only verbally. Together, PER and ABM are potentially synergistic, as both are participatory, problem-focused, dialogic, and collaborative; yet little is known of the utility of ABM for PER. A narrative review was performed to identify, collate, and summarize the ways ABM has been used with PER and share the impacts of ABM on PER. The databases CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed were searched, and 15 articles were included. A wide variety of ABM were used for PER, with some studies using multiple ABMs. The use of ABM for PER was reported to be decolonizing, shifted power from researchers to people with lived experience, and reduced tokenism. People with lived experience shared their knowledge directly through their art, deepening the understanding of their emotions, feelings, and relationships. Researchers should consider the benefits of the participatory nature of ABM and explore how to engage people with lived experience in their work beyond data collection. Researchers engaging people with lived experience should consider using ABM as a way to operationalize PER to elicit aesthetic knowledge and strengthen power equalization. No patients or members of the public contributed to this review due to a lack of funding to support their meaningful involvement.

Driving key partner engagement by integrating community-engaged principles into a stakeholder analysis: A qualitative study.

The stakeholder analysis approach has historically been top-down rather than collaborative with key partners. However, this approach poses challenges for key partner engagement and community-engaged research, which aims to incorporate key partners throughout the project. This study, conducted by the Community Engagement Network at a Midwest Academic Medical Center, seeks to examine the value of community-engaged research for diverse key partners to increase collaboration, strengthen partnerships, and enhance impact, ultimately driving key partner engagement. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 38 key partners from diverse groups, including community members, community organizations, Practice-Based Research Network members, researchers, research administration, university administration, and potential funders. The interview guide, informed by an extensive literature review, assessed perceived value, barriers, and improvement strategies for community-engaged research, supplemented by value proposition statements. The analysis revealed three main themes: 1) Fostering Community Buy-In: Authentic representation and inclusive partnerships were essential for trust and commitment; 2) Enhancing Communication and Dissemination: Effective communication strategies were vital for maintaining engagement and sharing research outcomes; and 3) Building Capacity and Ensuring Sustainability: Continuous learning and long-term investments were crucial for sustaining community-engaged research efforts. This study underscores the value of incorporating key partners into stakeholder analyses to enhance collaboration, strengthen partnerships, and improve the impact of community-engaged research. The findings offer valuable insight for institutional transformation and implementation of effective stakeholder analyses and engagement tools, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of research strategies and initiatives.

Uncovering effects of supply chain distance on sustainability adoption: empirical evidence from a multi-stakeholder partnership

PurposeTo investigate the effects of supply chain (SC) distance on sustainability adoption, this study aims to advance the way prior studies on SC sustainability presume that SC structures are well-developed and stable. Since SC members face structural voids in different regions, we recognize that the information flow is impacted as SC partners often have limited knowledge of their direct partners. Thus, by studying a multi-stakeholder partnership, this article sheds light on the institutional foundation of sustainability adoption issues largely neglected to date.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study was used with members of an MSP (i.e. a roundtable), to understand the beef SC located in Brazil. Overall, 18 h of interview recordings and notes from 18 h of meeting observations were gathered, equaling 36 h of primary data.FindingsFour dimensions of SC distance (physical, organizational, cultural and institutional) were identified, generating three driving effects on symbolic sustainability adoption and, consequently, a degree of invisibility for beef SC members. The results explain the process of sustainability adoption and highlight that smaller and more upstream suppliers show lower degrees of substantive adoption of SC sustainability practices.Originality/valueThis study investigates how SC distance affects the alignment of SC members in terms of sustainability adoption. By providing reflections on how institutional distance can hinder suppliers from adopting sustainability requirements they received from the SC, this research contributes to shifting from sustainability discourse to real practice and proactive partner engagement.

Physical Engagement in Face-to-Face Interaction Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms of Interaction Partners in the Workplace.

Individuals develop interdependence through interactions. The process of physical coordination during face-to-face interactions facilitates relationship formation, emotional experiences, and emotional contagion. Workplaces inherently involve organic and continuous face-to-face interactions. Examining the interpersonal association between physical movement and emotional state among employees in the workplace is crucial for understanding an organization's emotional dynamics. This study investigated the association between patterns of physical engagement during face-to-face interactions and depressive symptoms with those of interaction partners in a real-world workplace setting. The analysis utilized face-to-face interaction data from 449 employees across ten organizations, measured using wearable devices, along with a self-reported depression scale. The results showed that employees' average physical engagement negatively correlated with the average depressive symptoms of their interaction partners, rather than their own. The association remained robust regardless of the number of relationships or workplace type. Furthermore, the depressive symptoms of individuals who had a significant influence on interpersonal relationships within organizations negatively correlated with their and their partner's physical engagement. Our findings have important implications for the epidemiological understanding of organizational mental health in relation to face-to-face interactions among employees.

The complex internationalization process unfolded: The case of Atlas Copco’s entry into the Chinese mid-market

The main objective of this research is to conduct a thorough analysis of Atlas Copco's expansion into the mid-market segment in China, and to provide a detailed understanding of the intricate and multifaceted nature of its internationalization strategy. The research methodology adopted in this study is a qualitative case study approach, which aims to thoroughly investigate Atlas Copco's debut into the mid-market segment in China. This methodology facilitated a comprehensive examination of the intricacies, tactics, difficulties, and results pertaining to this particular instance. As an integral component of the quantitative analysis, a multicollinearity test, was also performed on pertinent variables. The study reveals that Atlas Copco has effectively positioned itself in China's mid-market, despite facing hurdles related to regulatory complications, cultural adaption, and rivalry. The company's initiatives have resulted in a favorable success rate of 78%, which is comparable to its performance in other regions. The results highlight the importance of making strategic investments in market entry investment (MEI), promoting local partner engagement (LPE), and prioritizing product adaptation (PA) as key factors that contribute to achieving market entry success (MES). Moreover, the presence of positive correlations between MES and market growth, as well as Customer Satisfaction, underscores the interdependence of these measures in assessing achievement.

Development of a tool to assess financial advocacy service delivery.

21 Background: In 2023, the Association of Cancer Care Centers (ACCC) Financial Advocacy Network published Financial Advocacy Services Guidelines developed through an expert-led, consensus-driven process (1). The Guidelines provide a framework for equitable delivery of financial advocacy (FA) services to address patients’ financial concerns. The Guidelines cover 3 domains: financial advocacy services and functions, program management functions, and partner engagement functions. ACCC adapted the Guidelines into a Financial Advocacy Services Assessment Tool to help cancer care organizations assess and improve service delivery and to advance research of organization-level FA practices across the U.S. Methods: ACCC convened an expert task force to guide this work. ACCC conducted a scan of implementation science literature and health care organizational assessments to inform the development of a rating system for each of the 43 guidelines. Four service delivery levels were identified, and a score was assigned to each level (Table). The tool was programmed in Qualtrics to provide a total score and average score per guideline for each FA domain and sub-domain. The task force added unscored questions about organizational demographics, barriers, and readiness to enable aggregate research and sub-group analysis. ACCC invited members of the Financial Advocacy Network to participate in a pilot via email invitation and provided opportunities for open-ended feedback. Results: 20 cancer centers participated in the pilot between March-May 2024. 15% were academic institutions and 85% were community-based programs (18% of which are directly affiliated with an academic institution). Respondents reported the tool was easy to use and informative for quality improvement efforts. See Table 1 for total scores for initial pilot. Conclusions: Pilot results reflect that all participating cancer centers are already engaged in some level of FA services. Broader dissemination and analysis is ongoing. The assessment provides centers with a practical resource to assess alignment to guidelines and identify opportunities for quality improvement. Regular review of aggregate results will help ACCC provide benchmarks for areas of service delivery, identify barriers to implementation, and monitor trends in FA staffing. 1. Kajdic Hodzic R, Liang MI, et al. Developing consensus-based oncology financial advocacy services guidelines. JCO Oncol Pract. 2023;19(suppl 11):38. Levels of FA service delivery and pilot total scores. Level Description % of pilot cancer centers Level 1 Not performing financial advocacy services. 0% Level 2 Making progress with financial advocacy services, but it is done informally or inconsistently. 35% Level 3 Performing financial advocacy services consistently in at least one key area of the organization. 60% Level 4 Reliably performing financial advocacy services across all key areas of the organization. 5%

What Lessons Do Public Libraries and Their Partners Take from the Experiences of Working Together?

ABSTRACT This study reports on the results of a nation-wide, qualitative US study of how public libraries and their partners collaborate. Analysis focuses on the lessons libraries and partners take from these experiences. Results show that to be successful in partner engagement, public library workers need to ask for what they need, be open to what others ask for, not think they must do it all, recognize what exists in the community, embrace unique opportunities, and ensure that the library is seen as a community partner. These findings are contextualized in relation to recent literature on this topic.

Analyzing Key Barriers to the Success of the Merdeka Belajar Campus Merdeka Program

This study is grounded in the premise that the full implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) strategy has been hindered by challenges related to insufficient human resources and inadequate infrastructure. The research aims to identify the key factors influencing the successful implementation of the MBKM program, with a focus on State Universities in West Borneo. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study gathers data primarily through in-depth interviews. The findings reveal several critical determinants affecting the program's success. These include the commitment and strategic vision of university leadership, the establishment of a dedicated unit to oversee program implementation, strong partner support and engagement, a positive attitude within the academic community towards the MBKM initiative, active and effective participation of program supervisors, proactive and innovative student involvement, contributions from academic staff in administrative roles, the availability of standardized operating procedures, and alignment between curriculum planning and program objectives.

Building a coordinated framework for research and monitoring in large‐scale international marine protected areas: The Ross Sea region as a model system

AbstractTo fulfill their conservation potential and provide safeguards for biodiversity, marine protected areas (MPAs) need coordinated research and monitoring for informed management through effective evaluation of ecosystem dynamics. However, coordination is challenging, often due to knowledge gaps caused by inadequate access to data and resources, compounded by insufficient communication between scientists and managers. We propose to use the world's largest MPA in the Ross Sea, Antarctica as a model system to create a comprehensive framework for an interdisciplinary network supporting research and monitoring that could be implemented in other remote large‐scale international MPAs. Our proposed framework has three key components: (i) policy engagement, including delineation of policy needs and ecosystem metrics to assess MPA effectiveness; (ii) community partner engagement to elevate diverse voices, build trust, and share resources; and (iii) integrated science comprising three themes. These themes are: advancement of data science and cyberinfrastructure to facilitate data synthesis and sharing; biophysical modeling towards understanding ecosystem changes and uncertainties; and execution of observational and process studies to address uncertainties and evaluate ecosystem metrics. This proposed framework can improve MPA implementation by generating policy‐relevant science through this coordinated network, which can in turn improve MPA effectiveness in the Ross Sea and beyond.

The development and evaluation of the Designing for Dissemination and Implementation Learning Hub.

There is a growing emphasis on reducing the gap between research and routine practice. Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) science offers theories, models, and frameworks to enhance the implementation, impact, and sustainment of new programs and interventions. Few training opportunities are available that help leaders, researchers, clinicians, and staff (implementers) translate original research into practice settings in a more timely and effective manner without requiring significant time away from their primary clinical duties. To address these needs, we designed a virtual Designing for Dissemination and Implementation (D4D&I) Learning Hub that offered foundational D&I knowledge and opportunities for skill building. We developed the D4D&I Learning Hub curricula to train novice participants in the multicomponent D4D&I implementation strategy bundle when implementing new programs or innovations. The components of the D4D&I strategy bundle include (i) Pre-implementation assessment for proactive planning and multilevel contextual assessment, (ii) Multilevel partner engagement to learn what is important to end-users and obtain buy-in, (iii) Implementation and adaptations guided by a pre-implementation assessment while retaining program fidelity, and (iv) Program evaluation. We utilized a virtual e-learning platform, expert trainers, mentorship, and a Virtual Learning Collaborative to deliver the six-module curricula to support participants' growth and success. We used quantitative and qualitative methods informed by the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model to evaluate the D4D&I Learning Hub. Thirty-one participants completed the D4D&I Learning Hub across four cohorts. Participants found the D4D&I curricula relevant and favorable, indicating they acquired the intended knowledge and skills. In presentations of their key takeaways, participants cited a greater understanding of how to apply various D&I theories, models, and frameworks to their research, engage multilevel partners during all phases of implementation and evaluation, and assess fidelity and adaptations. Participants planned to incorporate the acquired D&I knowledge and skills in future publications, grant applications, and when implementing new programs and projects in clinical settings. The D4D&I Learning Hub provides foundational education for novice participants of D&I science. It promotes designing, disseminating, implementing, and evaluating effective programs in clinical settings. This article discusses the development and implementation of the D4D&I Learning Hub. In addition, we evaluated the first four cohorts using the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model.

A qualitative study on reasons for women’s loss and resumption of Option B plus care in Ethiopia

Loss to follow-up (LTFU) from Option B plus, a lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), irrespective of their clinical stage and CD4 count, threatens the elimination of vertical transmission of the virus from mothers to their infants. However, evidence on reasons for LTFU and resumption after LTFU to Option B plus care among women has been limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study explored why women were LTFU from the service and what made them resume or refuse resumption after LTFU in Ethiopia. An exploratory, descriptive qualitative study using 46 in-depth interviews was employed among purposely selected women who were lost from Option B plus care or resumed care after LTFU, health care providers, and mother support group (MSG) members working in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission unit. A thematic analysis using an inductive approach was used to analyze the data and build subthemes and themes. Open Code Version 4.03 software assists in data management, from open coding to developing themes and sub-themes. We found that low socioeconomic status, poor relationship with husband and/or family, lack of support from partners, family members, or government, HIV-related stigma, and discrimination, lack of awareness on HIV treatment and perceived drug side effects, religious belief, shortage of drug supply, inadequate service access, and fear of confidentiality breach by healthcare workers were major reasons for LTFU. Healthcare workers' dedication to tracing lost women, partner encouragement, and feeling sick prompted women to resume care after LTFU. This study highlighted financial burdens, partner violence, and societal and health service-related factors discouraged compliance to retention among women in Option B plus care in Ethiopia. Women's empowerment and partner engagement were of vital importance to retain them in care and eliminate vertical transmission of the virus among infants born to HIV-positive women.

Care partner engagement in patient safety at the direct care level in hospital: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of this systematic review is to understand the experiences of care partner engagement in patient safety at the direct care level from the perspective of care partners, patients, and health care professionals. Care partner engagement is a strategy for promoting patient safety in hospitals at the direct care level (ie, at the point where patient care is delivered). When present, care partners can increase safety by watching, listening, and taking action to protect admitted patients. To improve care partner presence policies and safety engagement strategies within hospitals, a comprehensive understanding of the current qualitative evidence about the breadth of experiences of care partner engagement in patient safety is required. This review will include qualitative studies that consider the experiences of care partners, adult patients, and health care professionals. The engagement of care partners in patient safety within pediatric hospital settings will not be considered. This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. A preliminary literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and a full search strategy was developed for MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO (all via Ovid), as well as the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and JBI Evidence Synthesis. The JBI approach to study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessment of confidence will be followed. Two reviewers will test the screening criteria and data extraction protocol. PROSPERO CRD42023476286.

Artificial intelligence and social accountability in the Canadian health care landscape: A rapid literature review.

Situated within a larger project entitled "Exploring the Need for a Uniquely Different Approach in Northern Ontario: A Study of Socially Accountable Artificial Intelligence," this rapid review provides a broad look into how social accountability as an equity-oriented health policy strategy is guiding artificial intelligence (AI) across the Canadian health care landscape, particularly for marginalized regions and populations. This review synthesizes existing literature to answer the question: How is AI present and impacted by social accountability across the health care landscape in Canada? A multidisciplinary expert panel with experience in diverse health care roles and computer sciences was assembled from multiple institutions in Northern Ontario to guide the study design and research team. A search strategy was developed that broadly reflected the concepts of social accountability, AI and health care in Canada. EMBASE and Medline databases were searched for articles, which were reviewed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Search results, a description of the studies, and a thematic analysis of the included studies were reported as the primary outcome. The search strategy yielded 679 articles of which 36 relevant studies were included. There were no studies identified that were guided by a comprehensive, equity-oriented social accountability strategy. Three major themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) designing equity into AI; (2) policies and regulations for AI; and (3) the inclusion of community voices in the implementation of AI in health care. Across the 3 main themes, equity, marginalized populations, and the need for community and partner engagement were frequently referenced, which are key concepts of a social accountability strategy. The findings suggest that unless there is a course correction, AI in the Canadian health care landscape will worsen the digital divide and health inequity. Social accountability as an equity-oriented strategy for AI could catalyze many of the changes required to prevent a worsening of the digital divide caused by the AI revolution in health care in Canada and should raise concerns for other global contexts.