Team Partners Research Articles

Primary humanities: a perspective from Wales

ABSTRACTHow the humanities subjects are represented in primary schools in Wales has been influenced by curriculum developments including Curriculum Cymraeg, the Skills Framework and the Foundation Phase. A central tenet of Welsh Government policy has been to actively encourage schools to promote a sense of ‘Welshness’ through curriculum content, pedagogies and school policies. In addition, early years’ education has been extended to 5–7-year olds and at Key Stage 2 skills and competencies are priorities, with subject content providing the context for learning. In 2015, the Donaldson Review’s recommendations were fully implemented in the Government’s plans for a new 3–16 Curriculum for Wales to be fully implemented by 2021. Humanities became one of six Areas of Learning and Experience (AoLE) with the curriculum content to be developed by an all-Wales partnership team which includes the Pioneer Schools’ network. This article traces the post devolution build-up to this latest ‘radical change’. It suggests that for stakeholders developing the humanities curriculum the challenge will be considering how the key concepts of different ‘subject pedagogies’ are represented, while fulfilling the Government’s emphasis on early years’ pedagogy and its focus on a competency-led curriculum.

The Effect of Audit Partner on Accounting Comparability

This study examines the effect of audit partner on accounting comparability. Given that an actual audit engagement is completed by an audit partner and other audit team members, the role of the individual audit partner is substantial in the auditing process. We focus on the effects at engagement partner level since the engagement-level analysis reflects audit style most concretely and accurately, and thus exhibits more direct effect of auditor’s characteristics on financial statement. We conjecture that if audit styles of engagements are similar to each other, the engagements are more likely to yield consistent and comparable accounting information. Consistent with this conjecture, we find that a pair of clients audited by the same audit partner exhibits greater comparability (measured by the similarity of discretionary accruals of the two firms, but not by the similarity of total accruals) than a pair of clients audited by two different partners. This finding suggests the importance of investigation at the audit partner-level effect. In addition, we find that accounting comparability between a pair of clients is only observed when they are audited by the same partner in Big 4 audit firms, but not when they are audited by the same partner in non-Big 4 audit firms. The finding implies that Big 4 partners use relatively similar audit approach for different clients but non-Big 4 partners are more likely to accept the accounting methods preferred by client firms rather than applying their unique styles to their clients. As a result, among non-Big 4 audit firms, the effect of an individual audit partner is relatively less prevalent. Overall, these results provide some evidence about the individual audit partner’s effect on accounting comparability and the variability of audit quality in Big 4 versus non-Big 4 audit firms.

The United States Air Force and Ibm: Transformation Through Partnership

A partner in the public sector operations strategy practice of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) must prepare for a briefing for United States Air Force (USAF) senior leadership proposing ways for the USAF to recognize significant cost savings and continuous process improvements in its Financial Services offices (FSO). Presently, each of the approximately 100 USAF bases around the world has its own local FSO that provides pay and travel processing and customer support. Similar processes are performed at each location. Staffing and quality assurance are managed locally, and legacy systems have been modified over time in response to local preferences. The IBM team has collected a vast amount of base-level process data and conducted focus groups with USAF financial management leadership, FSO personnel, and FSO customers; the partner's team must analyze the Current State and deliver a comprehensive set of cost savings' recommendations to maintain the current level of services proficiency. Excerpt UVA-OM-1447 Rev. Mar. 26, 2018 The United States Air Force and IBM: Transformation through Partnership Scavello's Dilemma Rob Scavello had graduated from the Darden School of Business in 1994 and was now a partner in the public sector operations strategy practice of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Scavello needed to prepare for a briefing with United States Air Force (USAF) senior leadership. His briefing would propose opportunities for the USAF to recognize significant cost savings and continuous process improvements in its financial management (FM) operations. Previously, the USAF had partnered with IBM to guide it through one of the largest transformations in its history. Now the IBM team had just collected a vast amount of data on the USAF's FM organization; Scavello's team had to analyze the data and deliver a comprehensive set of cost savings recommendations. USAF airmen were currently engaged in combat in two major wars. Any cost saving benefits called for changes that would cause potential disruptions. The positions and responsibilities of USAF airmen could also change as new and improved FM processes were implemented. Scavello reasoned that any recommendation his team provided USAF senior leadership must consider and mitigate any unavoidable disruptions resulting from implementing those recommendations. What would be the best course of action? Scavello opened his laptop and began to examine the data collected by the IBM team. . . .

“How much is this worth?” Humana’s Chief Innovation Officer Explains Why This is the Wrong Question

Chris Kay, Humana’s Chief Innovation Officer, shared insights into the innovation decision-making process. Kay discussed specific strategies employed by Humana to bring consumer insights to action and he shared examples of the development of innovation ideas. “The first, and most often wrong, question is, ‘How much is this worth?’” Chris Kay, the Chief Innovation Officer at the $50B health and wellness company Humana, shared his perspective on the criteria in selecting innovation ideas. Business leaders have a tendency to examine how much an innovation is worth in the early phases of innovation, but Kay argued organizations should focus measurements on customer desirability. During a one hour interview Kay discussed a number of interesting innovation topics including why asking “How much is this worth?” is the wrong question to ask early in the innovation process. Kay confirmed that the majority of value is created in understanding the customer experience and innovating around it. At Humana early metrics concentrate on experiential measures of member health. Experiential measures are driven by research and based on customer insights and unmet needs. Kay also discussed the importance of Co-creation, an innovation approach where Humana partners with smaller startup companies on new ideas. Humana’s innovation team seeks the best and brightest venture capital backed start-ups to form partnerships. Creating a shared view of success allows both the partner and Humana to capture knowledge, build value, and learn from failures. Decisions on these disruptive innovation ideas are typically made by a team of external partners, advisors, and leaders outside of Humana’s established lines of business. Innovation at Humana also occurs internal to the organization. Humana is a diverse health and wellness company with lines of business including health insurance, health data analytics, pharmacy, and healthcare service providers. Kay highlights the importance of working across horizontal lines of business in such a large organization to minimize the effects of innovating in silos. Working off of horizontal platforms allows the company to take advantage of diverse resources to gain synergies when pursuing innovation ideas. Innovation across horizontals also increases transparency and allows Humana to build a portfolio of innovation ideas.

Synchronizing policy, practice, and partnership efforts: Improving knowledge and care of noncommunicable diseases in West Africa

Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type II diabetes and high blood pressure has crept upon an unsuspecting public health community in Africa. The four major problem areas contributing to this epidemic are: (1) lack of enough resources for health care, (2) few medical facilities and personnel to care for a large number of the population, (3) the inability of public health professionals to address or unravel complex causal nets of risk factors that reflect the culture and history of countries, communities, families, and individuals, and (4) medical care curriculum in the region is not tuned to the reality of the people it serves. There is the need to develop educational partnership teams between health experts and local citizens. Methods: This team-based community participatory approach effort will involve tapping into the local reservoir of knowledge by experts and Western medical knowledge by citizens; the resultant effect will aid policymaking and program development while also synthesizing the two. Results: Findings from several studies have shown that the solution to Africa's health-care struggle depends on synchronizing policy, practice, and partnership efforts through proper culturally tailored public health approaches, as well as the development of policies that ensures improving the general public's knowledge about NCDs and its prevention. Discussion and Conclusion: We suggested innovative ideas on areas of concern that will provide a unique opportunity for health educators to advocate for and improve the health literacy of laypersons. We call for the development of more regional research and disease control centers because research and evaluation efforts can guide education and service delivery methods. In addition, we call for appropriate training that provides opportunities for African health professionals to acquire knowledge on cutting-edge knowledge about prevention and treatment. We concluded that an accepted medical practice for Africans is one anchored on efforts whereby people feel like partners when it comes to the issue of their health. Simply put, “people's voices, people's input, and people faces. It is challenging to hold people accountable when they do not understand health care and have little information on how to prevent the onset or spread of diseases.

The inspirited nature of mindful curricular enactment’s community (re)making

Intertwining case study with practitioner inquiry, a research team seeks language for the conduct of mindful curricular enactment in an alternative public middle school. The school is committed to valuing students’ narratives of experience, the resources all bring to the school, and the given particularities of contexts, subject matter, and situations, as the makings comprising learning within and through community. A collaborative approach to inquiry that involves all team partners in the research process and engages the unique strengths that each brings focuses on how this alternative school provides a case for accessing how and why mindful curricular enactment orients accordingly. It is the makings forming this curricular movement, and the room found within these makings to reorganize and reconstruct thinking, that primary attention is oriented towards. Deweyan ‘roominess’ negotiated through such curricular enactment is documented as mindful attention to curriculum-making that fosters the needed room—the conditions and supports sustaining an individual/collective movement of thinking. Such movement is revealed as necessarily receptive, inciting community (re)making. Its inspirited nature is revealed through participatory modes of being and associated habits embracing knowledge-making as generative, elemental to being human, in need of other(s), assuming temporal/spatial agency, and interdependent with imagination, instilling embodied understandings.

Safety Characteristics in System Application Software for Human Rated Exploration Missions

ABSTRACT NASA and its industry and international partners are embarking on a bold and inspiring development effort to design and build an exploration class space system. The space system is made up of the Orion system, the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) system. All are highly coupled together and dependent on each other for the combined safety of the space system. A key area of system safety focus needs to be in the ground and flight application software system (GFAS). In the development, certification and operations of GFAS, there are a series of safety characteristics that define the approach to ensure mission success. This paper will explore and examine a real world approach needed to implement safety characteristics of the GFAS development. The GFAS system integrates the flight software packages of the Orion and SLS with the ground systems and launch countdown sequencers through the ‘agile’ software development process. A unique approach is needed to develop the GFAS project capabilities within this agile process. NASA has defined the software development process through a set of standards. The standards were written during the infancy of the so-called industry ‘agile development’ movement and now must be tailored to adapt to the highly integrated environment of human exploration systems. Safety of the space systems and the eventual crew on board is paramount during the preparation of the exploration flight systems. A series of software safety characteristics have been incorporated into the development and certification efforts to ensure readiness for use and compatibility with the space systems. Three underlining factors in the exploration architecture require the GFAS system to be unique in its approach to ensure safety for the space systems, both the flight as well as the ground systems. The first are the missions themselves, which are exploration in nature, and go far beyond the comfort of low Earth orbit operations. The second is the current exploration system will launch only one mission per year even less during its developmental phases. Finally, the third is the partnered approach through the use of many different prime contractors, including commercial and international partners, to design and build the exploration systems. These three factors make the challenges to meet the mission preparations and the safety expectations extremely difficult to implement. As NASA leads a team of partners in the exploration beyond earth’s influence, it is a safety imperative that the application software used to test, checkout, prepare and launch the exploration systems put safety of the hardware and mission first. Sets of software safety characteristics, to integrate into the more classic ‘agile’ process, are built into the design and development process to enable the human rated systems to begin their missions safely and successfully. Exploration missions beyond Earth are inherently risky, however, with solid safety approaches in both hardware and software, the boldness of these missions can be realized for all on the home planet.

School-Based CVE Strategies

The Peer to Peer (P2P): Challenging Extremism initiative, which counters violent extremism through youth engagement, is a partnership between an interagency government team and EdVenture Partners, a private organization that manages experiential learning initiatives using a peer-to-peer approach. The initiative tasks university students across the globe to counter extremism among their peers and in their communities, by creating and implementing, over the course of a school term, a social or digital initiative, product, or tool designed to empower their peers and counter hate. At the time of writing, more than two thousand students from more than ninety-five universities in more than thirty countries have been involved in the initiative, which is specifically designed to capitalize on public-private partnerships.

New institutionalisation following acute hospital admission: a retrospective cohort study

Backgroundinstitutionalisation following acute hospital admission is common and yet poorly described, with policy documents advising against this transition.Objectiveto characterise the individuals admitted to a care home on discharge from an acute hospital admission and to describe their assessment.Design and settinga retrospective cohort study of people admitted to a single large Scottish teaching hospital.Subjects100 individuals admitted to the acute hospital from home and discharged to a care home.Methodsa single researcher extracted data from ward-based case notes.Resultspeople discharged to care homes were predominantly female (62%), widowed (52%) older adults (mean 83.6 years) who lived alone (67%). About 95% had a diagnosed cognitive disorder or evidence of cognitive impairment. One-third of cases of delirium were unrecognised. Hospital stays were long (median 78.5 days; range 14–231 days) and transfers between settings were common. Family request, dementia, mobility, falls risk and behavioural concerns were the commonest reasons for the decision to admit to a care home. About 55% were in the acute hospital when the decision for a care home was made and 44% of that group were discharged directly from the acute hospital.Conclusionscare home admission from hospital is common and yet there are no established standards to support best practice. Decisions should involve the whole multidisciplinary team in partnership with patients and families. Documentation of assessment in the case notes is variable. We advocate the development of interdisciplinary standards to support the assessment of this vulnerable and complex group of patients.

Non-linear relationship between gender diversity in the partnership and profit performance in accounting firms

PurposeThis study aims to examine how gender diversity within the CPA partnership team impacts the firm’s profit performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the two-stage least squares method in analyzing the gender–diversity–performance relationship using the pooled sample obtained from the National Survey Reports on Taiwan CPA firms between 1992 and 2008.FindingsThe authors observe a non-linear relationship between gender diversity at the partner level and profit performance. The relationship curves vary according to firm size. After identifying the point of inflexion for these curves, the findings indicate that the average gender diversity is below the inflexion point for large CPA firms, but exceeds the inflexion point for medium size firms.Practical implicationsAccording to the critical mass theory, increasing gender diversity within the partnership team can have a positive influence on the value of the firm. Hence, the authors argue that for large CPA firms in Taiwan, the proportion of female partners leaves room for improvement. If the average number of female partners could be increased by 0.95 persons, the critical mass would be attained.Originality/valueThe study provides the empirical evidence that increasing a CPA firm’s proportion of female partners positively impacts the firm’s profit performance. The findings serve a practical value as reference source for any further studies.

Persuasion: An experimental study of team decision making

This paper studies persuasion within teams and investigates why teams commonly take, by some measures, better decisions than individuals. The analysis is based on data from electronic communication within teams of two players. Thanks to the experimental design, changes of an individual’s decision can be attributed to the content of the team partner’s message. The results for knowledge-related and strategic problems show that individuals’ decisions change upon receiving more informative and sophisticated arguments and remain the same otherwise. This individual behavior is an essential part of the information aggregation in teams and can explain the advantage of teams in decision making and in games.

Coming Home to Die: Six Nations of the Grand River Territory Develops Community-Based Palliative Care

This paper describes the development and implementation of a community-based palliative care program in Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario. Six Nations innovative program is grounded in their vision to provide access to quality palliative care at home and incorporate Haudenosaunee Traditional teachings. A community Project Advisory Committee led the development process, and a Leadership Team of local and regional palliative care partners led implementation. Using participatory action research, academic researchers supported activities and facilitated data collection and evaluation. Outcomes included: creation of a Palliative Shared Care Outreach Team, including a First Nation’s physician, nurse and social worker; development of a detailed care pathway for clients who need palliative care; increased home deaths (55) as compared to hospital (22) or hospice deaths (6); access to palliative care education and mentorship for local health care providers; incorporation of Traditional teachings to support clients and staff around death, dying, grief and loss; and creation of a palliative care program booklet for Six Nations Health Services. This unique initiative reduces disparities in access to quality palliative home care and demonstrates that First Nations communities can successfully undertake a process of community capacity development to create unique and culturally responsive palliative care programs. Challenges included overcoming federal and provincial jurisdictional issues in provision of health services through collaborative partnerships at the local and regional level.

Making Sense of Changing Hats: A Study of the Nigeria, Vietnam, and Azerbaijan/Kazakhstan Projects within the Norwegian Statoil and British BP Strategic Alliance

To explore group-based identities and collective sensemaking in the context of a cross-border alliance, a qualitative exploratory study was initiated. The emphasis was on interpretation of issues, within and around an interfirm partnership and the alliance process, perceived by those involved as important. The BP and Statoil strategic alliance, formed to carry out joint oil and gas exploration and development in Nigeria, Vietnam and Azerbaijan/Kazakhstan, provided 52 interviews with staff from both partner headquarters and team members from the three projects. By studying an alliance process from multiple perspectives, it was possible to identify differences in sensemaking across different groups of employees. The organizational level (the alliance business unit level and the alliance team level) proved to be more important for shared sensemaking of the alliance process than group identities, such as nationalities, companies or locations. The alliance business unit level had been tasked with strategically developing and shaping the alliance, while the alliance teams had the operational responsibility for the project. The main theoretical implication is the primacy of project team-based identity to sensemaking regarding critical issues, emphasizing the importance of developing an alliance “supra-identity”. Implications for interfirm partnerships in Africa and Asia are also addressed.

Interior design as a post-disaster team partner

PurposeThis purpose of this paper is to promote the potential for utilizing interior designers as partners on multidisciplinary teams that deal with natural disaster recovery efforts. Interior design, an often-misunderstood profession, focuses on the health, safety and welfare of all who utilize interior spaces. Members of this profession bring a unique and relevant perspective to design and problem-solving.Design/methodology/approachA self-selecting international student design call supplied the data for illustrating how interior designers’ training prepares these multifaceted professionals to practice within diverse cultural contexts to create region-specific temporary housing units.FindingsThe designs submitted indeed, demonstrated an understanding of the holistic process necessary for creating effective temporary shelters.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the research is that the design call involved interior design students only. A broader invitation might also solicit entries from practicing interior design professionals.Originality/valueThe acknowledgement traditionally accorded interior designers as essential contributors to multidisciplinary disaster relief teams is tenuous at best. This paper suggests that interior designers have the potential to assume an important role in disaster relief planning and shelter creation. Attention must now be directed toward promoting a universal appreciation of the relevant skills training, and holistic perspectives of interior designers.

The First Step to Helping: Asking About Poverty

Abstract BACKGROUND: Canadian children living in poverty are more likely to experience poor health outcomes. Physicians have a unique opportunity to screen for poverty and other social determinants of health (SDOH) in order to intervene early and change their patients' health trajectories. It is well known in the literature to date that addressing SDOH in clinical practice can improve health outcomes, however, significant barriers have been identified that limit a physician’s ability to address these issues. The Child Poverty Assessment Tool (CPAT) was developed by an inter-professional team of physicians, social workers and community child health agency partners to provide healthcare providers with screening questions for the SDOH and resources to address identified SDOH needs. The tool was created to support physicians with links to the community and simple screening approaches to common social issues. OBJECTIVES: To develop an understanding of physicians' current SDOH screening practices and attitudes to screening for the SDOH in clinical practice; To explore the feasibility, accessibility, and relevance of the CPAT for paediatricians at an academic health science centre. DESIGN/METHODS: Using a qualitative grounded theory approach, seven consultant academic paediatricians were individually interviewed. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, and were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two team members independently coded the transcripts for recurrent themes. This project was undertaken as a Quality Improvement project and was conducted with appropriate ethical approval. RESULTS: Three major themes emerged regarding benefits of screening for SDOH: improved assessment of social issues, increased referrals to community supports and agencies, and appropriate modifications to treatment plans as informed by social issues. In addition to limiting billing models and time constraints, five major themes were identified as challenges to screening for SDOH: lack of knowledge of resources, upsetting family expectations, the physician’s own comfort in asking questions regarding the SDOH, the biomedical model of training, and physicians' understanding of their scope of practice. The CPAT was found to address some, but not all of these challenges. CONCLUSION: The results from the project elucidated important factors that influence the SDOH screening practices of paediatricians. While a structured tool (i.e. the CPAT) may provide support to physicians conducting screening, systemic and medical cultural barriers exist. Further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of implementing screening tools in clinical practice, and to identify solutions for systemic barriers to screening for poverty in paediatric populations.

A rehabilitation model as key to comprehensive care in the era of HIV as a chronic disease in South Africa

ABSTRACTIn the era of widespread access to antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV survive; however, this comes with new experiences of comorbidities and HIV-related disability posing new challenges to rehabilitation professionals and an already fragile health system in Southern Africa. Public health approaches to HIV need to include not only prevention, treatment and support but also rehabilitation. While some well-resourced countries have developed rehabilitation approaches for HIV, resource-poor settings of Southern Africa lack a model of care that includes rehabilitation approaches providing accessible and comprehensive care for people living with HIV. In this study, a learning in action approach was used to conceptualize a comprehensive model of care that addresses HIV-related disability and a feasible rehabilitation framework for resource-poor settings. The study used qualitative methods in the form of a focus group discussion with thirty participants including people living with HIV, the multidisciplinary healthcare team and community outreach partners at a semi-rural health facility in South Africa. The discussion focused on barriers and enablers of access to rehabilitation. Participants identified barriers at various levels, including transport, physical access, financial constraints and poor multi-stakeholder team interaction. The results of the group discussions informed the design of an inclusive model of HIV care. This model was further informed by established integrated rehabilitation models. Participants emphasized that objectives need to respond to policy, improve access to patient-centered care and maintain a multidisciplinary team approach. They proposed that guiding principles should include efficient communication, collaboration of all stakeholders and leadership in teams to enable staff to implement the model. Training of professional staff and lay personnel within task-shifting approaches was seen as an essential enabler to implementation. The health facility as well as outreach services such as intermediate clinics, home-based care, outreach and community-based rehabilitation was identified as important structures for potential rehabilitation interventions.

Development and Two-Year Follow-Up Evaluation of a Training Workshop for the Large Preventive Positive Psychology Happy Family Kitchen Project in Hong Kong.

Evidence-based practice and capacity-building approaches are essential for large-scale health promotion interventions. However, there are few models in the literature to guide and evaluate training of social service workers in community settings. This paper presents the development and evaluation of the “train-the-trainer” workshop (TTT) for the first large scale, community-based, family intervention projects, entitled “Happy Family Kitchen Project” (HFK) under the FAMILY project, a Hong Kong Jockey Club Initiative for a Harmonious Society. The workshop aimed to enhance social workers’ competence and performance in applying positive psychology constructs in their family interventions under HFK to improve family well-being of the community they served. The two-day TTT was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team in partnership with community agencies to 50 social workers (64% women). It focused on the enhancement of knowledge, attitude, and practice of five specific positive psychology themes, which were the basis for the subsequent development of the 23 family interventions for 1419 participants. Acceptability and applicability were enhanced by completing a needs assessment prior to the training. The TTT was evaluated by trainees’ reactions to the training content and design, changes in learners (trainees) and benefits to the service organizations. Focus group interviews to evaluate the workshop at three months after the training, and questionnaire survey at pre-training, immediately after, six months, one year and two years after training were conducted. There were statistically significant increases with large to moderate effect size in perceived knowledge, self-efficacy and practice after training, which sustained to 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, there were statistically significant improvements in family communication and well-being of the participants in the HFK interventions they implemented after training. This paper offers a practical example of development, implementation and model-based evaluation of training programs, which may be helpful to others seeking to develop such programs in diverse communities.

An investigation of pre-service teachers’ learning in physical education teacher education: schools and university in partnership

ABSTRACTThis study explores the role of school and university partnership teams in the professional development of physical education (PE) pre-service teachers (PSTs) during their one year Postgraduate Certificate in Education course in England. The paper focuses on the key influences and processes that impacted on PST subject knowledge development. An interpretive methodology informed by constructivist grounded theory [Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage.] was adopted. This research highlights that the process of knowledge development in physical education teacher education (PETE) is socially constructed and complex. Much of the PSTs’ development was influenced by various communities of practice, particularly their school placements’ PE departments, but also their university-based learning community. Of these, the legitimised practices within the PE departments were found to be especially important to PSTs’ development. University-based learning was credited by PSTs with enhancing their holistic understanding of the learning process, developing those aspects of critical pedagogy that were under-developed in schools. This study identifies the capability of school/university partnerships to facilitate enhanced knowledge development in PETE. Taking into consideration the evolving nature of PETE within a political context that is progressively moving towards an entirely school-based model, an evidence-based debate over the manner and nature of the subject knowledge to be developed is needed.

IbM MEMBANGUN “DESA CERMAT” MELALUI BIMBINGAN BELAJAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA

IbM is motivated by the many children who come from poor families who can not follow the lessons, after school activities so that they spend a lot of play. In addition , many students and graduates who do not have the activity / work due to lack of jobs. Therefore, in this IbM the researchers intend to make les. In this IbM focused guidance for poor children and will involve students and graduates IKIP PGRI Madiun. Partner is the chief village IbM Watuompak and Bangunrejo. IbM aims to improve student learning outcomes through tutoring mathematics as a means to build a "Cermat" village in the village Rejosari Kebonsari Madiun and students or graduates to become active through tutoring. The stages of this research starts from the preparation phase support equipment guidance, the next stage of implementation / field, program evaluation by a team of researchers and partners and the final completion of the final report.

Oral Health Prevention and Toddler Well-Child Care: Routine Integration in a Safety Net System.

Applying topical fluoride varnish (FV) to young children's teeth is an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). In 2008, the pediatricians at Contra Costa Regional Medical Center and Health Centers became concerned that our low-income pediatric patients had high rates of ECC and very limited access to dental care. We formed an interdisciplinary safety net-academic partnership with the University of California San Francisco to implement routine FV applications, along with oral health education, screening, and referral during well-child exams for children aged 1 to 5 years. Over 3 years, the team developed clinical policies, educational materials, billing, and support systems to facilitate implementation in the primary care setting. A pilot study was performed in 2 health centers; improvements to the implementation plan were made. A team of local providers and academic partners performed system-wide didactic and hands-on trainings and spread this intervention to the remaining 6 health centers. Continued improvement strategies and provider feedback were pursued with each measurement cycle. In August 2012, 95% of all children aged 1 to 5 years who were seen for well-child checkups received a FV application and oral health education during their primary care well visit. Repeat measurement in April 2014 showed a sustained rate of 97% application of FV for children in this age group seen for well-child visits. With institutional commitment and an academic partnership, a safety net institution can integrate routine FV applications and oral health interventions into well-child visits to reduce ECC.