Partner's Behavior Research Articles

When Tonight Is Not the Night: Sexual Rejection Behaviors and Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships.

In most long-term romantic relationships, partners experience sexual conflicts of interest in which one partner declines the other partner's sexual advances. We investigated the distinct ways people reject a partner's advances (i.e., with reassuring, hostile, assertive, and deflecting behaviors) in Studies 1 and 2. Using cross-sectional (Study 3) and daily experience methods (Study 4), we investigated how perceptions of a partner's rejection behaviors are linked with the rejected partner's relationship and sexual satisfaction. We found robust evidence that perceived partner reassuring behaviors were associated with greater satisfaction, whereas perceived partner hostile behaviors were associated with lower levels of satisfaction. Perceived partner responsiveness was a key mechanism underlying the effects. Findings for assertive and deflecting behaviors were limited, but the effect of deflecting behaviors was qualified by levels of hostile behaviors for sexual satisfaction. Findings provide the first empirical investigation of the specific ways partners can decline one another's advances to preserve satisfaction.

Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Knowledge and Experiences of Pregnant Women and Controlling Behavior of Male Partners in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria.

Background Violence against women perpetrated by an intimate partner is an important public health issue. In recent years, attention has focused also on intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy due to its prevalence, adverse health consequences, and intervention potentials. Aim To determine the knowledge, experiences, and factors influencing IPV, including the controlling behaviors of male partners of pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) of a tertiary health facility in Sokoto. Materials and method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 pregnant women attending ANC in a tertiary health facility in the Sokoto metropolis. They were selected using a systematic sampling technique, and a set of pretested questionnaire items was used for data collection. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results The respondents' ages ranged from 19 to 40 years with a mean of 29.09 ± 4.99 years, and up to 83.5% of them were in a monogamous setting. Three-quarters of them were Muslims mostly from urban areas (72.1%), and 36.4% had a university or HND degree. Majority of them responded correctly to questions on IPV; overall, up to 99.2% of them had good knowledge of IPV. About 33% of the respondents have experienced IPV while pregnant and up to 61.7% of them said they did nothing because of fear. Some of the controlling behaviors of male partners included always asking for permission before seeing friends and family members and also controlling their finances. Factors associated with IPV include tribe, place of residence, and partner consuming alcohol. Conclusion Majority of the respondents had good knowledge of IPV with about one-third of them ever experiencing it. Respondent's partners were mostly jealous and exhibited some form of controlling behaviors. Physical violence was the most prevalent form, and most of the victims did nothing about it. Government and women's right groups should push for the implementation of tougher punitive measures against perpetrators of IPV.

Effects of two seminal fluid transcripts on post-mating behaviour in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano.

The seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred to mating partners along with sperm often play crucial roles in mediating post-mating sexual selection. One way in which sperm donors can maximize their own reproductive success is by modifying the partner's (sperm recipient's) post-copulatory behaviour to prevent or delay re-mating, thereby decreasing the likelihood or intensity of sperm competition. Here, we adopted a quantitative genetic approach combining gene expression and behavioural data to identify candidates that could mediate such a response in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. We identified two putative SFPs-Mlig-pro46 and Mlig-pro63-linked to both mating frequency and 'suck' frequency, a distinctive behaviour, in which, upon ejaculate receipt, the worm places its pharynx over its female genital opening and apparently attempts to remove the received ejaculate. We, therefore, performed a manipulative experiment using RNA interference-induced knockdown to ask how the loss of Mlig-pro46 and Mlig-pro63 expression, singly and in combination, affects mating frequency, partner suck propensity and sperm competitive ability. None of the knockdown treatments impacted strongly on the mating frequency or sperm competitive ability, but knockdown of Mlig-pro63 resulted in a significantly decreased suck propensity of mating partners. This suggests that Mlig-pro63 may normally act as a cue in the ejaculate to trigger recipient suck behaviour and-given that other proteins in the ejaculate have the opposite effect-could be one component of an ongoing arms race between donors and recipients over the control of ejaculate fate. However, the adaptive significance of Mlig-pro46 and Mlig-pro63 from a donor perspective remains enigmatic.

An Analysis of Promiscuity in Eimear Mcbride’s: A Girl Is A Half-Formed Thing

This thesis is analyzing promiscuity on the main character. The purpose of this thesis is to find out and understand how it happened, to look for the two causes and impacts of promiscuity that are described in the novel. The main character is the girl who is a victim of sexual violence by her own uncle. As a result of the vile things done by her uncle, She was involved in a deviation, namely promiscuity. She did promiscuity with lots of boys. The behavior of multiple partners in sexual relations without a commitment relationship (promiscuity) is rarely found in women. Because in general, women engage in sexual relations on the basis of love and as an expression of feelings of love towards their partners. When found by individual women with promiscuity behavior, it becomes interesting to look more deeply. The theory used to analyze is a theory by Kartono and Mcleish. The research methods used in this thesis are qualitative methods and library research. The author collects data from the novel and from several sources of articles, books, and journals that have a relationship with this thesis. The results of this thesis are to reveal the truth that promiscuity can occur in the main character and get causes and impacts in their daily life.

Individual differences in preference for risky behaviors during courtship.

Engaging in risky behaviors is a sexual signalling strategy that men use to procure mates. The present study investigates men's preferences for engaging in risky behaviors (along with women's preferences for their male partner's risky behavior) within dating couples. We investigated associations between relationship length, self-perceived attractiveness, sociosexuality orientation, and preference for risky behaviors in a sample of 256 couples. Results indicated that men had stronger preferences for risky behaviors than their partner's ideal preference. Furthermore, relationship length was associated with a decline in women's preference for their partner's risk-taking, but not men's preference for their own risk-taking. Self-perceived attractiveness was negatively associated with risk preference, and sociosexuality orientation was not directly related to risk preference. Female preferences for less intense male risky behaviors could reflect the need of paternal investment which is required for offspring care. Decreased male sexual signalling could account for lower preferences of risky behaviors in females who are involved in longer lasting romantic relationships.

Manufacturing and selling tactics for a green supply chain under a green cost sharing and a refund agreement

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with optimal pricing and production tactics for a bi-echelon green supply chain, including a producer and a vendor in presence of three various scenarios. Demand depends on a price, refund and quality where the producer controls quality and the vendor proposes a refund policy to purchasers to encourage them to order more.Design/methodology/approachIn the first scenario, the members seek to optimize their optimum decision variables under a centralized decision-making method while in the second scenario, a decentralized system is assumed where the members make a decision about variables and profits under a non-cooperative game. In the third scenario, a cost-sharing agreement is concluded between the members to provide a high-quality item to the purchasers.FindingsThe performance of the proposed model is investigated by illustrating a numerical example. A sensitivity analysis of some key parameters has been done to study the effect of the changes on the optimal values of the decision variables and profits. From sensitivity analysis, the real features are observed and mentioned in this section.Originality/valueThis research examines the behavior of partners in a green supply chain facing with a group of purchasers whose demand is the function of a price, greenery degree and refund rate. This proposed mathematical model is developed and analyzed which has an implication in supply chain model.

Exploring the barriers to SMEs’ open innovation adoption in Ghana

PurposeOpen innovation (OI) is now recognized as one essential innovation paradigm to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) quell their liability of newness and smallness. However, little is known about SMEs’ OI barriers, particularly in emerging economies. Drawing on both network and transaction cost theory, this study aims to explore the barriers to SMEs’ OI adoption in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted an exploratory sequential research design that involved both qualitative and quantitative study methodologies. A total of 644 responses (21 survey interviews and 623 usable questionnaires) across SMEs in Ghana were collected and analyzed in the study. A qualitative analysis involving quotations extracted from the respondent’s statement was used to present the qualitative findings, whereas SEM-partial least square, co-variance approach, was used to analyze the formulated hypotheses.FindingsResults show that significant barriers to SMEs OI adoption are collaboration barriers – difficulty in finding the right partners and problems of cooperation and coordination of operational functions; organizational barriers – lack of flexible internal procedures and structures and organizational inertia; and strategic barriers – opportunistic behavior of partners and lack of strategic and resource fit. Contrary to existing findings, financial and knowledge barriers were disclosed as driving factors, rather than barriers, to SMEs’ OI adoption; these findings challenge conventional thinking about SMEs’ major OI barriers.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on only SMEs in one emerging economy, namely, Ghana, which may limit the generalization of the findings.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study, while limited to Ghana, offer useful insights to SMEs managers, development practitioners and policymakers respecting the overall importance of the OI model, its associated impediments, as well as the strategic measures to quell those barriers.Originality/valueThis study provides a pioneering empirical investigation into the main barriers to SMEs’ OI adoption in a less-explored emerging market context through a mixed research approach.

Romantic Attachment Orientations, Financial Behaviors, and Life Outcomes Among Young Adults: A Mediating Analysis of a College Cohort

Guided by the Vulnerability-Adaption-Stress model (Karney and Bradbury 1995), we used data from 635 college-educated young adults to examine associations between romantic attachment orientations (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and young adults’ life outcomes (i.e., financial satisfaction, life satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction; Aim 1). We also conducted a mediating model to examine indirect associations from romantic attachment orientations to life outcomes via young adult’s own financial behaviors and perceived partners’ financial behavior (i.e., each young adult’s perception of their partner's financial behaviors; Aim 2). For Aim 1, high attachment anxiety and/or high attachment avoidance was associated with low life satisfaction and low relationship satisfaction. For Aim 2, high attachment anxiety was associated with low financial satisfaction and low life satisfaction via young adults' own less responsible financial behaviors. Further for Aim 2, high attachment anxiety and high attachment avoidance were associated with low relationship satisfaction via perceived partners’ less responsible financial behavior. Across these two aims, we found that romantic attachment orientations were associated with financial behaviors and, in turn, life outcomes. We suggest researchers and practitioners consider romantic attachment orientations when seeking to understand and improve financial behaviors and life outcomes among young adults.

Sex Partner Behavior Variation Related to Network Position of and Residential Proximity to Sex Partners Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.

This analysis examines how sex behaviors are influenced by a sex partner's network bridging position and the residential proximity between the two. The study sample consisted of 437 young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) in Chicago and their sex partners (2013-2014). Dyadic analyses that clustered on individuals using generalized estimating equations (n = 1095 relationships) were conducted to assess the associations between different HIV-related sexual behaviors and the network position of and residential proximity to a partner. The odds of group sex was higher with partners who had high network bridging, regardless of how close they lived to one another. The odds of transactional sex was higher with partners who had high network bridging and lived in a different region of the city. Sex behaviors associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission were associated with the network structural position of and residential proximity to partners among YBMSM.

Degrees of Change: An Assessment of the Deinstitutionalization of Marriage Thesis

AbstractThis article reexamines the thesis that marriage is becoming deinstitutionalized. It first reviews relevant theoretical literature on social institutions, including the “new institutionalism” and the work of Bourdieu on cultural capital. It addresses the great social class differences that have emerged in American family life over the past few decades and their implications for the deinstitutionalization thesis. It then evaluates the thesis, with these conclusions: What has happened in recent years to the place of marriage in the broader field of intimate partnerships is consistent with the deinstitutionalization thesis, although primarily among the non‐college‐educated. In contrast, marriage still plays a central role in the field of intimate partnerships among the college‐educated. Moreover, the behavior of partners within marriage has not change enough to conclude the deinstitutionalization has occurred. The article also examines related claims about marriage and individualism, the concept of capstone marriage, and same‐sex marriage.

Truth and Wishful Thinking: How Interindividual Differences in Communal Motives Manifest in Momentary Partner Perceptions

Although rooted in reality, partner perceptions often reflect wishful thinking due to perceivers’ needs. Dispositional needs, or motives, can differ between persons; however, little is known about their differential associations with everyday partner perception. The present study used data from a 4–week experience sampling study ( N = up to 60942 surveys from 510 individuals nested in 259 couples) to examine the effects of perceivers’ partner–related implicit and explicit communal motives on the perception of (i) global communal partner behaviour and (ii) specific communal and uncommunal partner behaviours. The results of truth and bias models of judgement and quasi–signal detection analyses indicate that strong implicit communal approach motives and strong explicit communal motives are associated with the tendency to overestimate the partner's communal behaviour. Additionally, strong implicit communal approach motives were associated with the tendency to avoid perceptions of uncommunal partner behaviour. Neither implicit nor explicit communal motives had an effect on accuracy in the perception of particularly communal partner behaviour. The results highlight the relevance of both implicit and explicit communal motives for momentary partner perceptions and emphasise the benefits of dyadic microlongitudinal designs for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which individual differences manifest in couples’ everyday lives. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Dissatisfaction and problems in marital life of spouses of patients with bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: The objective was to understand the marital dissatisfaction/satisfaction and problems in different areas of marital life in spouses of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study on BD patients and their spouses, a semi structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic details. Couple satisfaction index (CSI) was used to identify marital satisfaction or dissatisfaction, whereas problem areas questionnaire (PAQ) was used to identify areas in which spouses of BD patients were often dissatisfied or have disagreements about their partner's behavior. Results: A total of 170 BD patients, along with their spouses, were included in our study. Marital dissatisfaction was present in 104 (61.2%) and there was no significant relation with sociodemographic variables except for the number of children (P = 0.002). Mean scores on CSI and PAQ were 42.75 ± 17.32 and 28.91 ± 11.28, respectively, with a significant negative correlation between these (r =-0.712; P = 0.0001). Handling family finances; rearing children or parenting, career/job related decisions, demonstrations of affection, handling household tasks, spending recreation leisure time together, moodiness/temper/emotionality, and problems in sex relations were important areas in which partners of BD patients were facing a significant problem. Conclusions: Marital dissatisfaction was very common in spouses of BD patients and they faced a lot of problems in various areas of their lives. As clinicians, we need to evaluate and understand the issues related to the marital life of normal spouses of BD patients to provide emotional and practical support to them, individually as well as couples.

Global communication environment For B2B markets

Currently, there is an unprecedented development of modern communication technologies in B2B markets. In the context of Industry 4.0, globalization influences are increasingly reflected in the new information technologies that are becoming the domain of communication in B2B markets. The manufacturing environment is shaped by the ability to work with Big Data Analysis, use computer simulation tools and augmented reality and today’s phenomenon is evolving in the processing and business environment - linking the Internet of Things, Services and People to Potential production environment. An important role in this global interconnection of both manufacturing and processing - business environments is played by the communication conditions determined by sufficient capacity computing power. One of the real preconditions for B2B markets is to make full use of the cloud-based platform based on the establishment of dedicated data centres with the possibility of using high level of Service Level Agreement for B2B business partners. The paper deals with the evaluation and analysis of the possibilities of digitalization development in the company space, to examine the new global communication environment by using cloud computing and its impact on the quality of information service for customers. The influence of intercultural communication on the behaviour of business partners is examined.

Perceptions of partner drinking problems, regulation strategies, and relationship outcomes

Introduction: Alcohol use can have negative effects on the relationships, especially if the partner's drinking is perceived to be problematic. Interpersonal perceptions and associations between partners' perceptions of one another have important implications for the individuals comprising a relationship. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of partner drinking problems, regulation strategies, and relationship outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted a sample size of 100 participants who are admitted for alcohol de-addiction in Mamata General Hospital, Khammam, Telangana, India. The samples were drawn using a convenience sampling method. Thinking about your partner's drinking (TPD) questionnaire and partner management strategies (PMS) questionnaire were the tools used to collect the data for this study. Results: The results of the study were analyzed and evaluated using the mean, standard deviation and by obtaining the Pearson's correlation principle. The mean was obtained separately for PMS and TPD. Standard deviation (6.473, 5.268) was obtained from the values of the mean. P value was obtained (significance Conclusions: The study determines the ideology of the Indian married couples and their perception toward the partner's drinking problem and their regulating attempts. Certain items from the questionnaire were not implacable in the study group such as pouring out drinks and suggesting alternatives to alcohol use. The results also strongly established that the compatibility of the partners to take up the additional burden of the families due to the partner's negligence and they feel embarrassed to get into the public and family gatherings because of the partner's uncontrolled behavior because of alcohol intake.

The overembeddedness impact on tourism cooperation

According to the concept of social embeddedness economic decisions are determined by actors' embeddedness in social relations. Too high level of this embeddedness leads to so-called ‘overembeddedness effect’ having negative consequences for business activity. The aim of the paper is to identify the negative consequences of social embeddedness for business cooperation among entrepreneurs in a tourist destination. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 48 entities associated in the Wisła Tourism Organization in Wisła – a tourist destination in Poland. As a result, numerous negative consequences of actors' social embeddedness for cooperation were identified. These are: limiting the innovativeness of cooperative activities, less adaptive abilities, limiting economic rationality of partners' decisions, nepotism, interpersonal conflicts and being vulnerable to a partner's opportunist behavior.

How Responsiveness From a Communication Partner Affects Story Retell in Aphasia: Quantitative and Qualitative Findings.

Purpose Because people with aphasia (PWA) frequently interact with partners who are unresponsive to their communicative attempts, we investigated how partner responsiveness affects quantitative measures of spoken language and subjective reactions during story retell. Method A quantitative study and a qualitative study were conducted. In Study 1, participants with aphasia and controls retold short stories to a communication partner who indicated interest through supportive backchannel responses (responsive) and another who indicated disinterest through unsupportive backchannel responses (unresponsive). Story retell accuracy, delivery speed, and ratings of psychological stress were measured and compared. In Study 2, participants completed semistructured interviews about their story retell experience, which were recorded, transcribed, and coded using qualitative analysis software. Results Quantitative results revealed increased psychological stress and decreased delivery speed across all participant groups during the unresponsive partner condition. Effects on delivery speed were more consistent for controls than participants with aphasia. Qualitative results revealed that participants with aphasia were more attuned to unresponsive partner behaviors than controls and reported stronger and more frequent emotional reactions. Partner responsiveness also affected how PWA perceived and coped with the communication experience. Conclusions Combined quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that, while unresponsive communication partners may not have robust effects on spoken language, they elicit strong emotional reactions from PWA and affect their communication experience. These findings support the need for communication partner training and suggest that training PWA on emotion regulation or relaxation techniques may help assuage their anxiety during socially challenging everyday communication and increase social participation. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11368028.

Financial fraud contagion through board interlocks: the contingency of status

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of the relative status between two interlocking firms for financial fraud or non-fraud contagion through interlock ties.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a sample of publicly listed firms in China over a ten-year period from 2005 to 2014. Data are collected from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database.FindingsThis study finds that non-fraud behaviors of lower-status partners inhibit fraud behaviors of the focal firm, whereas their fraud behaviors have no effect on the focal firm. In contrast, fraud behaviors of higher-status partners facilitate fraud behaviors of the focal firm, whereas their non-fraud behaviors have no effect on the focal firm.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights to the misconduct contagion literature by considering firms’ status differential as an important factor that governs the contagion process of fraud or non-fraud behaviors in board interlocks. It combines role theory and the contagion literature by studying the influence of the match between the status-based role expectations and practices of interlocking firm on the focal firm’s decision to engage in the same type of practice.

The Utility of Index Case Recruitment for Establishing Couples' Eligibility: An Examination of Consistency in Reporting the Drug Use of a Primary Partner Among Sexual Minority Male Couples.

Sexual minority men are disproportionately impacted by substance use, which is associated with greater HIV transmission behaviors. Novel approaches to drug use prevention and treatment are needed. Couple-based approaches have garnered significant attention. The recruitment of couples into substance use interventions has proven challenging. We evaluate an index-case approach to screening participants in couples' research. Seventy index cases, aged 18-29, and their main partner (140 individuals), were recruited. At screening, index participants reported their drug use and their partners' drug use for the previous 30 days. At baseline, both partners reported their drug use over the past 30 days. Individuals' self-reports and perceptions of their partner's concurrency were compared within couples using the κ (Kappa) coefficient. We found high levels of personal predictive accuracy from screening to baseline for cannabis (κ = .81, p < .01) and cocaine/crack (κ = .70, p < .01). Predictive accuracy of index case reporting of their partner's drug use behavior were moderately high among cocaine/crack use (κ = .68, p < .01) and MDMA/GHB/Ketamine (κ = .56, p < .01). Perceived partner similarity for recent drug use was also high for all drugs, with the highest levels among cocaine/crack (κ =.82) and prescription drugs (κ =.81). This study demonstrates that index partners report drug use with differing levels of agreement between drug types. Index recruitment has advantages in determining drug use-related eligibility requirements. Discrepancies in reporting were more frequently false positives, which reduces the risk of screening out potentially eligible couples.

How Can Partners Influence the Gambling Habits of Their Gambler Spouse?

An increasing number of clinical and empirical studies document the coping strategies used by partners of pathological gamblers (PGs). A postulate for this is that they may be useful for dealing with their partner's problematic gambling behaviors. Despite a widespread endorsement of this postulate, no study has yet documented their effectiveness: does the use of these coping strategies impact the gambler's behavior? To answer this question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants (8 couples comprising one PG and his or her partner, one partner of a PG, and 2 PGs). Qualitative analysis of the interviews lead to a first main observation: via diverse coping strategies, partners of PGs can influence their spouse's gambling behaviors. The impact of these strategies may occur as initially expected by partners, that is by a reduction of gambling behaviors. However, the use of certain strategies can also increase the PG's gambling cravings, though this is not generally their partner's intention.

Relationship Characteristics Associated with Perceptions of Partners' HIV Testing Behavior Among Male Couples.

Partnered men who have sex with men are not immune to the risk of HIV. Analyzing dyadic data from 360 male couples recruited from April 2016 to June 2017, we examined how relationship characteristics might influence HIV testing behavior and perceptions of partners' HIV testing. Increasing levels of mutual trust were associated with lower odds of both partners (versus neither) having been tested in the past year (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), but increasing levels of communal coping were associated with higher odds (aOR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10). Only one partner was more likely to be correct about whether or not his partner had been tested in the past year (versus both) if someone had broken their sexual agreement (aOR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.17-5.76). Increasing differences in trust (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20) were also associated with higher odds of only one partner being correct. Dyadic HIV prevention efforts should incorporate skills building around negotiating sexual agreements and constructive communication.