Related Parties Research Articles

Abuse of General Meeting of Shareholders Implementation by Commissioners and Its Legal Consequences on the Deed of Meeting Resolution Statement Made by a Notary

The General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) is a crucial decision-making mechanism in a Limited Liability Company, but it is often misused for personal or group interests, leading to abuse in its implementation. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the validity of corporate changes through GMS, as well as the legal consequences arising from its abuse by commissioners, particularly regarding the deed of meeting resolutions made by notaries. The research employs a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical typology. It examines instances where the abuse of GMS by commissioners or related parties harms other shareholders or third parties, within the context of tort law. The findings indicate that the validity of corporate changes through GMS is highly dependent on the adherence to clear meeting procedures, quorum requirements, shareholder approval, and ratification by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, in accordance with the company's Articles of Association and relevant laws. In cases of abuse, the deed of meeting resolutions issued by notaries is deemed invalid and legally non-binding, as it fails to comply with the Company Law and Articles of Association. This opens the possibility for affected parties to pursue civil or criminal legal action.

Investigating the Substitution Across Profit Shifting Channels: Study in Brazil

We investigate the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between internal sales vs. internal debt applied as tax-reducing profit-shifting channels by Brazilian listed firms. The MRS across shifting channels indicates an isoprofit equilibrium, hence it shows whether the firm combines internal sales and internal debt in a full profit shifting strategy. We analyse detailed firm-level data about exports, imports and loans between Brazilian firms and foreign related parties for the period of 2010–2020. We find a consistent MRS across shifting channels, conditional on the profit shifting incentive of firms, therefore it indicates that firms apply both internal sales and internal debt simultaneously for profit shifting. Results suggest that our sample firms regard internal sales as the main shifting channel. Our finding provides a new relevant indication on the multi-channel profit shifting behaviour of firms.

Economies of scale, efficiency and profitability of the convection industry in the city of Palembang

The development of the industrial sector is greatly influenced by economies of scale, efficiency and profitability. The small convection industrial sector always follows changes in clothing models and creativity that consumers like. This research aims to find out the value of economies of scale and measure the level of efficiency and profitability in small convection industries in the city of Palembang. The type of data used is primary data related to small convection industries in Palembang City. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative with analysis of the scale of production results using the Cobb-Douglas production function, efficiency and profitability. The research results show that the variables of labor (X1), capital (X2) and digital technology (dummy) simultaneously and partially have a positive and significant effect on the amount of production (Y). The economic scale of the small convection industry in Palembang City is in a condition where the return to scale is decreasing. The efficiency value is above average at 52 percent and below average at 48 percent. Agencies or authorities at the Palembang City level, including related parties, are expected to be more active in socializing People's Business Credit so as to facilitate capital and marketing of small convection industries, because based on the results of in-depth interviews with respondents, overall they already have business capital, and the government is expected to be able to distribute it. assistance with production support equipment to business actors thereby providing encouragement to improve production performance.

The auditor and his role as a watchdog on the interests of stakeholders: the case of transactions between related parties and regulated agreements in Algeria

Regulated agreements and transactions between related parties are common practices in the life of companies. However, it can be misused by the parties controlling the company or managers to the detriment of its shareholders and stakeholders. Directors may also be tempted to put their personal interests ahead of the company's corporate interest. In addition to the objective of transparency ensured by the traceability required by formalism on regulated agreements through the Commercial Code, the IASB has developed IAS 24, which aims to improve the transparency of transactions between related parties by providing relevant information on related parties in order to facilitate the control of corporate governance structures. Also, for their part, the statutory auditors draw up two reports throughout the process, one addressed to the Board of Directors to enable them to authorize the agreement, the other called the "Special Report" to the General Meeting on the authorized agreements.

The Effect of Price, Public Purchasing Power And Consumption Level on Rice Commodity Inflation in Pangkalpinang City

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of price, purchasing power and consumption level on rice commodity inflation in Pangkalpinang City. Rice is a staple food in Indonesia, including in Pangkalpinang, so weakening prices and purchasing power can significantly affect consumption and inflation levels. The method in this study uses a quantitative method with secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and other related agencies in Pangkalpinang City. Data analysis in this study uses regression analysis which aims to determine the relationship between price variables, purchasing power, consumption and inflation. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant influence between rice prices and people's purchasing power on rice consumption levels and inflation in Pangkalpinang. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for local governments and related parties in formulating effective policies to maintain price stability and public welfare, as well as mitigating the negative impacts of inflation.

Sensitivity Analysis of North Surabaya Hospital Investment Feasibility

The aim of this research is to analyze the feasibility of investing in North Surabaya Hospital, Bulak District, Surabaya City with the parameters Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Payback Period. This research focuses on the North Surabaya Hospital which was built by the Surabaya City Government Health Service with a budget for 2026. The research instruments used were interview guidelines and observation sheets, with data collection procedures via location with related parties in the construction of the hospital, site observation, as well as documentation that includes primary and secondary data. Based on investment analysis of North Surabaya Hospital and evaluation of sensitivity to operational costs and potential income, the conclusion obtained is: Alternative 1 is feasible because it produces an NPV value of Rp. 211,014,227,005, IRR of 9.85%, BCR of 1.23 and PP of 7.69 years, but will be sensitive to the point that it is not feasible if there is an increase in hospital operational costs above 2.05% or a decrease in hospital service levy rates above 1.39% . Alternative 2 is not feasible because it produces an NPV value of Rp. 28,416,192,984, IRR of 6.57%, BCR of 1.14 and PP of 8.34 years, but it will be sensitive and feasible if there is a decrease in hospital operational costs above 7.73% or an increase in hospital service levy rates above 5.59%. Alternative 3 is not feasible because it produces an NPV value of Rp. 66,444,241,124, IRR of 7.30%, BCR of 1.16 and PP of 8.20 years, but it will be sensitive and feasible if there is a decrease in hospital operational costs above 5.7% or an increase in hospital service levy rates above 4.08%. Alternative 4 is feasible because it produces an NPV value of Rp. 166,294,504,181, IRR of 9.26%, BCR of 1.20 and PP of 7.70 years, but it will be sensitive to the point of being unfeasible if there is an increase in hospital operational costs above 0.15% or a decrease in hospital service levy rates above 0.10%.

Grassroots-Based Waste Management: Implementation of Financial Management

The implementation of this Community Service (PKM) activity is a form of attention and participation of academics related to critical issues of waste management with the theme of Grasp-Based Waste Management: Implementation of Financial Management. The goal is an effort to help increase awareness, participation and cooperation in dealing with the waste problem, with theaim of recreating high awareness to participate and cooperate in the implementation method of activities, adapting the observation approach, socialization at the implementation and evaluation stages. Results of the activity. This KKM activity offers three main activities. First, socialization of grassroots-based waste handling; Second, a healthy living culture by paying attention to shopping and consumption behavior; Third, the implementation of Financial Management with economic behavior. The implication is that in the future, similar follow-up activities are needed to support the realization of zero waste and zero residue programs for clean and waste-free living by applying a scientific approach in the implementation of financial management at the individual family level, accompanied by adapting and integrating technology that allows the involvement of various related parties in a continuous manner in waste management among the community.

Cooperative Management Innovation as a Strategy to Encourage the Competitiveness of MSMES: Analyzing Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Era

This study aims to analyze cooperative management innovations as a strategy to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs in facing the digital era, with a case study at KSP Nasari Medan. The method used in this study is a descriptive case study, which describes and analyzes the implementation of management innovations at KSP Nasari as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by its member MSMEs in transforming to the digital world. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with cooperative administrators and members, as well as observation of programs implemented by cooperatives. The results of the study show that KSP Nasari has identified various challenges faced by its member MSMEs, such as limited digital knowledge, inadequate infrastructure, and difficulties in accessing the digital market. To address this, cooperatives are implementing various management innovations, including digital skills training and increased access to technology. KSP Nasari also leverages collaboration with the government, the private sector, and educational institutions to support the development of MSMEs. However, obstacles in digital transformation still exist, especially related to infrastructure limitations and costs. The conclusion of this study is that cooperative management innovations, such as digital training and external collaboration, play an important role in strengthening the competitiveness of MSMEs. A more integrated and sustainable follow-up strategy is needed to support the development of MSMEs in the digital era. The suggestion of this research is to strengthen digital training programs, improve infrastructure, and expand cooperation with various related parties.

Analisis Framing Kontroversi Pada Olimpiade Paris 2024 di CNN Indonesia dan Republika

The 2024 Paris Olympics has had controversies such as a boxer suspected of being transgender taking part in the Olympics and rules prohibiting the use of the hijab for French athletes. The aim of this research is to analyze the framing of controversy at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the online media CNN Indonesia and Republika. This research uses a qualitative analysis method with Robert N Entman's framing analysis which consists of problem definition, source of the problem, moral decisions taken, and problem resolution. This research uses articles released from 18 July to 1 August 2024 on CNN Indonesia and Republika. The results of this research explain that the difference between CNN Indonesia and Republika is that CNN Indonesia tends to be neutral and provides justification for decisions taken by related parties. Meanwhile, Republika emphasized criticism and highlighted aspects of discrimination in these two issues. The difference in reporting on the controversial issue of female boxers is that CNN Indonesia is more inclined to support these athletes and the role of athletes by emphasizing personal rights that free athletes to take part in any competition, whereas in Republika they are more likely to discuss criticizing policies taken by certain authorities. On the issue of banning the use of the hijab by French Muslim female athletes, CNN Indonesia emphasized the word proselytism which France wanted to prevent and explained that the rule forbidding the use of the hijab only applies to France, while Republika explained that this rule exists because of Islamophobia and racism, thus demanding that the IOC this rule can be omitted.

Pelestarian Candi Gumpung Sebagai Benda Cagar Budaya dan Pariwisata di Provinsi Jambi

Gumpung Temple, as one of the historical sites of the Muaro Jambi Temple Complex, has an important value as a cultural heritage object that reflects the glory of past civilization in Jambi Province. This study aims to analyze the efforts to preserve Gumpung Temple from the perspective of cultural heritage and its potential as a tourism destination. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a field study approach, in-depth interviews with related parties, and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that efforts to preserve the temple face several challenges, such as structural damage due to natural factors, lack of awareness of the surrounding community, and limited funds and experts in restoration. However, the local government, in collaboration with the Cultural Heritage Conservation Center (BPCB), has implemented various programs such as periodic restoration, educational activities for the community and students, and promotion of culture-based tourism. Management of tourism based on cultural preservation is also one of the main strategies to make Gumpung Temple a leading tourist attraction, while maintaining conservation aspects. The results of this study also emphasize the importance of collaboration between the government, community, and private sector in supporting the sustainability of the preservation of this cultural heritage. In addition, the determination of Gumpung Temple as part of the world heritage site by UNESCO can be a strategic step to increase national and international attention to the preservation and development of culture-based tourism in Jambi Province. This study concludes that the preservation of Gumpung Temple as a cultural heritage object and tourism destination requires a holistic approach that integrates aspects of conservation, education, and empowerment of the local community economy. Thus, Gumpung Temple not only functions as a historical heritage but also as a tourism asset that provides sustainable economic and social benefits.

Peculiarities of Transfer Pricing Supervision in Uncontrolled Transactions

The aim of this article is to scrutinize the authority of tax agencies concerning the transfer pricing supervision in uncontrolled transactions among related parties. The interpretation of tax laws by the Russian Federal Tax Service has significantly broadened the supervision capabilities of tax agencies over taxpayer transactions initially not meant for scrutiny, resulting in ambiguity and inconsistency in legal proceedings. The article provides an analysis of the legal framework, methodology, and procedures for tax control of prices in uncontrolled transactions, as well as examines the concept of “multiple price deviations” and taxpayer defense strategies. The methodological basis of the article includes both general scientific and specialized scientific methods. In particular, the author employs analysis, synthesis, formal legal, and historical-legal methods. The findings suggest disparities in the treatment of taxpayers in transfer pricing supervision due to the absence of specific safeguards outlined in Section V.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Consequently, the author advocates for an extension of transfer pricing laws to encompass all taxpayers, thereby ensuring parity in rights and protections while mitigating arbitrary actions and uncertainties by tax agencies, thereby fostering a more equitable and transparent tax supervision system.

Framing Migration Through the Crisis Era 2015–2022: A Content and Semantic Network Analysis of the Greek Press

Since the 2015 refugee crisis, when over 850,000 refugees and migrants reached European shores, migration has sparked intense political and social debates that dominate Europe’s political and media agenda. As a key entry point for refugees and migrants, Greece plays a central role in this ongoing crisis. This study examines how migration has been framed in three major Greek news outlets from 2015 to 2022. This study is groundbreaking as it goes beyond analyzing how mainstream media portray migration, migrants, and refugees. It also examines how the media frame the rhetoric and actions of far-right and right-wing populist parties in relation to migration, offering a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective. Analyzing 9840 opinion articles, it identifies two dominant frames: (a) a ‘political threat’ frame, reflecting concerns over the rise of the far-right in Europe driven by anti-migration rhetoric, and (b) a dual ‘security-humanitarianism’ frame, highlighting tensions between security needs and the imperative to uphold the human rights of refugees and immigrants, reflecting broader societal anxieties. The existence of a political threat frame and a dual-identity frame leads to question the prior conceptualization of security threats and strictly segregated frames in prior literature regarding established framing practices on migration.

ACCOUNTABILITY OF EQUIVALENCY EDUCATION PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTATION AT COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTERS IN BENGKAYANG REGENCY

This study aims to describe the accountability of implementing the Equivalency Education program at the community learning activity center in Bengkayang district based on input evaluation aspects. The research used a concurrent embedded technique, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The sampling technique used purposive sampling in two selected PKBM, namely PKBM Adubs and PKBM Insan Madani. With questionnaire, interview, and documentation collection techniques. Based on the study results, the implementation of the input aspect of the equivalency education program at PKBM Adubs and Insan Madani has not been fully accountable and by the standards that should be. Of the five indicators, namely learning citizens, chief managers, tutors, curriculum, and infrastructure facilities, three of them, namely the tutor indicator, learning citizens, and infrastructure facilities are not accountable. Despite various obstacles, Community Learning Activity Center in Bengkayang Regency has shown commitment to implementing equivalency education programs with efforts to improve accountability. Further support from the government and related parties is needed to overcome existing obstacles and strengthen the accountability system so that this equivalency education program can run more optimally and achieve its goals of providing equal education for the entire community.

Community-Based Mangrove Forest Development as an Ecotourism Area to Improve Community Welfare

This study aims to examine and improve the potential of mangrove forests in Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru, Bengkalis Indonesia to improve community welfare. This research was conducted by using the method of field observation (observation), interviews with stakeholders including the surrounding community, fishermen, tourism area managers and related agencies from the Bengkalis Regional Government and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and described in descriptive form. This study shows that Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru Villages have great potential for sustainable ecotourism due to their biodiversity, beautiful landscapes and local cultural activities. Teluk Pambang Village has and offers a wealth of flora and fauna, while Selat Baru has beautiful and stunning beaches and delicious local cuisine that make it attractive to tourists. The development of ecotourism in Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru Villages requires cooperation from various parties. The local government must prioritize support in both areas. Cooperation with related parties can build an industry in the field of ecotourism that can improve community welfare and preserve our natural resources. The implications for developing sustainable ecotourism in the Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru Village areas can be a model for other coastal communities, encouraging economic growth while protecting our natural heritage.

Management of Panca Jiwa Character Education in Islamic Boarding Schools

Panca Jiwa Islamic Boarding School which is a pattern of fostering students or students who are believed to be an educational concept that leads to the value of character building and as a core educational element in the world of Islamic Boarding School. In this case, the practice of the values of the five souls of Islamic Boarding School is not fully successful in all students or santri. This is due to the development of modern culture or the influence of outside cultures that occur in Indonesia. Therefore, with the aim of research to describe the values of the five souls that exist in the Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School in North Lampung. In this study the authors used a descriptive qualitative approach or field research, namely research that examines the facts and problems found in the field. The results and discussion of the research found that Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School has successfully implemented Panca Jiwa-based character education effectively. Careful planning aims to produce Muslim individuals who are tough and have strong character. The organization of the program is carried out by involving all related parties, ensuring that each individual has a clear role in shaping the character of the students. The implementation of character management is carried out holistically by involving all elements of the Islamic Boarding School in various activities. Evaluation is carried out in an integrated manner to correct past mistakes and achieve positive changes in the character building of santri. The supervision of character education is carried out carefully, ensuring positive interaction with the environment and Islamic Boarding School activities. Thus, Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School has created a supportive environment for the formation of quality santri character and adhering to Islamic values.

Exploring the Implementation of Fiqh Maritim in Indonesia (Case In SMKN 4 Kota Cilegon)

This research aims to explore the implementation of maritime fiqh in Indonesia, especially in maritime schools. Fiqh is one of the scopes of Islamic religious education which regulates laws relating to maritime activities, such as shipping, procedures for worship while sailing. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation at SMKN 4 Cilegon City. The research results show that the implementation of maritime fiqh in maritime schools is still not optimal. Several factors that hinder this are Several factors hinder the implementation of maritime fiqh in maritime schools, including a lack of awareness and understanding of maritime fiqh, insufficient competent human resources, inadequate teaching materials and curriculum, and limited support from related parties. This research recommends several steps to improve the implementation of maritime fiqh in maritime schools. These include increasing socialization and education about maritime fiqh, developing competent human resources in the field of maritime fiqh, preparing teaching materials and curriculum in accordance with maritime fiqh, and strengthening cooperation between maritime schools and related parties.

Corporate Governance and Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Listed Companies in Sri Lanka

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and stock liquidity in listed companies in Sri Lanka. Design/Methodology/Approach: Corporate governance was evaluated using an index constructed of the board of directors, audit committee, remuneration committee, nomination committee, related party transaction review committee, frequency of meetings, and gender diversity. Stock liquidity was measured using the Amihud illiquidity ratio. A Quantitative research study was performed based on the data collected from 100 Sri Lankan listed companies excluding companies in the Banking, Finance, and Insurance sectors due to its inherent nature of being highly regulated. Findings: It was found that the mean (median) values of corporate governance of Sri Lanka are 0.706 (0.714) and the mean (median) values of stock illiquidity are 0.839 (0.379). The results of the correlation and regression analysis revealed that a weak association between corporate governance and stock liquidity relationship. Therefore, this study concludes that corporate governance has no significant impact on stock liquidity. Nonetheless, this study analyzed a limited sample of 100 companies, focusing primarily on board and its committee-related corporate governance attributes. Originality: This study provided new insights into relationship between corporate governance and stock liquidity which has a practical significance for managers, shareholders, investors, traders, financial analysts, and policy makers in Sri Lanka. It introduces a novel corporate governance index tailored specifically to Sri Lankan companies highlighting its potential improve the stock liquidity at both the company and market levels which will ultimately lead the country towards economic growth.

Improving the Accuracy of Financial Reports with the Right Accounting System

This study aims to explore how the implementation of the right accounting system can improve the accuracy of financial reports at PT. Wirakarya Sakti. The research method used is a qualitative approach with an exploratory purpose, which focuses on understanding the context and dynamics that exist in the company and the perceptions of related parties in the accounting process. The main data sources come from in-depth interviews with financial managers, accountants, and accounting staff, as well as analysis of company documents such as financial reports, accounting policies, and systems implemented. Participatory observation was also conducted to identify potential problems in ongoing accounting practices. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a software-based accounting system at PT. Wirakarya Sakti has succeeded in improving the accuracy of financial reports by reducing human error, accelerating the process of data verification and reconciliation, and producing more timely and reliable reports. This system helps in managing transactions in a more structured and efficient manner, and minimizing discrepancies between documents. Thus, this study provides recommendations to continue optimizing the implementation of a technology-based accounting system to support more accurate and efficient financial report management.

Environmental Degradation: Issues and Determinants in Middle-Income Countries ASEAN

This study is aimed at analyzing the impact of foreign direct investment, foreign debts, consumption of fossil fuel, corruption, political stability and net-export on environmental degradation, poverty and economic growth in middle-income countries in ASEAN. The method applied is simultaneous equation analysis by taking into account classical assumption tests such as granger causality and heteroskedasticity. The Data started during the years 2010-2023 in middle-income countries in ASEAN. Poverty, economic growth, foreign direct investment, fossil fuel consumption have a significant effect on environmental degradation. Environmental degradation, economic growth, foreign debt, have a significant effect on poverty. Environmental degradation, poverty and net export on economic growth of ASEAN middle-income countries. The government and related parties need to focus on controlling environmental impacts, reducing poverty, and managing inclusive economic growth through a sustainable approach.

Implementasi Manajemen Risiko dalam Meningkatkan Keberlanjutan Bisnis

This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in improving business sustainability in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bandar Lampung. A qualitative-descriptive approach was used to explore the understanding, practices, and obstacles faced by MSME actors in risk management. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis in MSMEs from various business sectors.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of risk management, such as product diversification, financial management, and the use of digital technology, have a positive impact on income stability, operational efficiency, and customer trust. However, the level of risk management implementation among MSMEs still varies. The main obstacles include limited resources, lack of knowledge about risk management, and minimal access to training or mentoring programs.This study concludes that risk management plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of MSME businesses by mitigating challenges and opening up opportunities for innovation. To optimize the implementation of risk management, collaborative support is needed between the government, business actors, and other related parties in providing relevant policies, training, and access to technology. Keywords: risk management, business sustainability, MSMEs, Bandar Lampung, digital technology.