Particulate Matter Information Research Articles

Runtime Tracking-Based Replication of On-Chip Embedded Software Using Transfer Function Learning for Dust Particle Sensing Systems

A digital twin is a widely used method that uses digitized simulations of the real-world characteristics because it is effective in predicting results at a low cost. In digital twin analysis, the transfer function between the input and output data is an important research subject. In this study, we intend to investigate the application of the digital twin method to dust particle sensing. A high-performance multi-channel reference dust particle sensor provides particle count as well as particulate matter information, whereas a lightweight embedded test device only provides a particle count. The particulate matter acquisition algorithm for a reference device is unknown and complex. Instead of that, we propose a simple method to calculate the transfer function using singular-value decomposition. In the experimental results, using singular-value decomposition, the predicted particulate matter of the test device was similar to that of the reference device. The obtained transfer function shows similar measurement results of the two dust particle sensor devices, confirming that particulate matter environmental information can be digitized even with low-power and lightweight sensor-embedded devices. In addition, the power consumption of the test device was approximately ten times lower than that of the reference device.

Experimental study on particle splash pollution from cooking with fluorescent droplets

Particles generated by cooking are an important source of indoor pollutants. Most studies have focused on only airborne particles rather than including a wide range of particle sources, such as the large oil droplets generated by splashing during cooking, which constitute most of the mass concentration of indoor pollutants. In this study, the fluorescent characteristics of edible oil were enhanced by adding a fluorescent agent (excitation wavelength: 365 nm, emission wavelength: 445 nm) so that the particulate matter information could be well extracted from the samples. Sampling points were set on the kitchen countertop, the wall, and the dummy surface, and the ventilation removal of large particles by the range hood was compared under different airflow rates. The results showed that the overhead range hood had little effect on removing splashed oil droplets, but the airflow structure strongly affected the motion track of “medium” oil droplets (>10 μm). Proper airflow structure can reduce the range of splashing oil droplets. The horizontal and vertical splash radii of the oil droplets were 0.72 m and 0.63 m, respectively. The splash radii were more suitable indices for evaluating range hood performance than capture efficiency. At the same position with different sample angles, the horizontal sampling concentration of the wall was 2.49 times that of the vertical sampling concentration.

Fine-resolution mapping of particulate matter concentration in urban areas and population exposure analysis via dispersion modeling: a study in Daejeon, South Korea.

To deliver accurate particulate matter information to citizens, a detailed particulate matter dispersion model including factors such as land use and meteorological information was developed and used to create particulate matter concentration distribution maps for Daejeon Metropolitan City (South Korea). The results showed differences from existing particulate matter concentration distribution maps created using established methods. For PM2.5, approximately 3600 concentration maps were constructed. Taking a map as an example, according to existing methods, the PM2.5 concentration was "good" in 56% and "moderate" in 44% of areas. However, according to our modeling, the PM2.5 concentration was good in 31%, moderate in 26%, "unhealthy" in 28%, and "very unhealthy" in 15% of areas. Furthermore, the existing methods indicated that no portion of the population was exposed to poor particulate matter concentrations, while the proposed model found that over 170,000 people were exposed to such concentrations. These results will contribute to sustainable urban and environmental planning.