Specific Types Of Activities Research Articles

РАЗВИТИЕ БЛАГОТВОРИТЕЛЬНОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ НАЛОГОВОГО СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ: ОБЗОР ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

Many countries recognize the important and significant role of the non-profit sector in building a strong, caring, socially responsible society, as well as in promoting employment, well-being and economic growth. Many non-profit organizations focus on charitable projects. Research shows that the provision of tax incentives or corresponding tax credits and deductions to such organizations (and their donors) encourages the development of charitable activities and provides its participants not only with effective use of funds, but also with financial incentives from the state. The article discusses some practical aspects that reflect the development of charitable activities based on tax incentives, credits and deductions for donors and charitable organizations. The author analyzes the approaches of the countries of Europe, North and South America, as well as the Russian Federation in the application of tax mechanisms for private and corporate charity. It is concluded that, despite the fact that charitable foundations, acting as intermediaries between the donor and the recipient and making efforts to accumulate funds and their targeted distribution, often cannot expand their field of activity just because domestic legislation does not promote the development of a particular type of activity. Therefore, in the near future, in the absence of changes in the current regulatory legal support, the charitable activities of foundations will not be developed, and the charity itself will not receive a reputation boost.

Building a Computer Vocational Guidance System for Graduates of Secondary Educational Institutions Based on a Genetic Algorithm

The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study on the development of a genetic algorithm to solve the problems of career guidance for graduates of secondary educational institutions and to verify the possibility of its implementation in a computer system. The issue of career guidance for graduates is still relevant, problematic and not fully resolved. According to the authors, the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in career guidance systems is a promising area that should be paid attention to. Genetic algorithms are widely used to solve search and optimization problems in various subject areas. The authors propose to automate the process of identifying the tendency of secondary school graduates to a particular type of activity by building a vocational guidance system based on a genetic algorithm.Materials and methods. To identify an individual’s predisposition to a specific type of activity, it is necessary to have a list of requirements and contraindications to the profession. Among the ways of describing the norms and requirements for the applicant-specialist are professiograms, lists of necessary competencies and others. To determine the characteristics of the individual that affect the choice of profession, it is possible to use special tests, activating questionnaires, grades in school subjects. The authors carry out the comparison of personality characteristics and requirements through a genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithms belong to the group of evolutionary methods and are based on the evolutionary theory. Among their advantages are conceptual simplicity and wide applicability, resistance to dynamic environmental changes and the ability to self-organize.Results. The genetic algorithm has been developed, in which as a source of information for creating a new population individual certificate evaluations are accepted. Based on these estimates, an initial population of professions is formed. As a result of crossing a pair of individuals from the parent population, a descendant is obtained whose chromosome consists of the genes of both parents. The selection of surviving specimens is based on the percentage of success in the development of each of the professions in the list and the fitness function. The developed algorithm was implemented in a software system. As experiments showed, the genetic algorithm successfully copes with the task of finding the optimal list of professions according to a given criterion.Conclusion. The results of the study show that the use of genetic algorithms provides convenient mechanisms for introducing artificial intelligence methods into the field of career guidance, which improves the quality of recommendations for choosing a profession.

Children's descriptions of playing and learning as related processes.

Many studies have examined children's understanding of playing and learning as separate concepts, but the ways that children relate playing and learning to one another remain relatively unexplored. The current study asked 5- to 8-year-olds (N = 92) to define playing and learning, and examined whether children defined them as abstract processes or merely as labels for particular types of activities. We also asked children to state whether playing and learning can occur simultaneously, and examined whether they could give examples of playing and learning with attributes either congruent or incongruent with those activities. Older children were more likely to define both playing and learning in terms of abstract processes, rather than by describing particular topics or activities. Children who defined both playing and learning in this way were able to generate more examples of situations where they were simultaneously playing and learning, and were better able to generate examples of learning with characteristics of play, and examples of playing with characteristics of learning. These data suggest that children develop an understanding that learning and playing can coincide. These results are critical to researchers and educators who seek to integrate play and learning, as children's beliefs about these concepts can influence how they reflect on playful learning opportunities.

Social Perception and Interaction Database-A Novel Tool to Study Social Cognitive Processes With Point-Light Displays.

Introduction: The ability to detect and interpret social interactions (SI) is one of the crucial skills enabling people to operate in the social world. Multiple lines of evidence converge to indicate the preferential processing of SI when compared to the individual actions of multiple agents, even if the actions were visually degraded to minimalistic point-light displays (PLDs). Here, we present a novel PLD dataset (Social Perception and Interaction Database; SoPID) that may be used for studying multiple levels of social information processing.Methods: During a motion-capture session, two pairs of actors were asked to perform a wide range of 3-second actions, including: (1) neutral, gesture-based communicative interactions (COM); (2) emotional exchanges (Happy/Angry); (3) synchronous interactive physical activity of actors (SYNC); and (4) independent actions of agents, either object-related (ORA) or non-object related (NORA). An interface that allows single/dyadic PLD stimuli to be presented from either the second person (action aimed toward the viewer) or third person (observation of actions presented toward other agents) perspective was implemented on the basis on the recorded actions. Two validation studies (each with 20 healthy individuals) were then performed to establish the recognizability of the SoPID vignettes.Results: The first study showed a ceiling level accuracy for discrimination of communicative vs. individual actions (93% ± 5%) and high accuracy for interpreting specific types of actions (85 ± 4%) from the SoPID. In the second study, a robust effect of scrambling on the recognizability of SoPID stimuli was observed in an independent sample of healthy individuals.Discussion: These results suggest that the SoPID may be effectively used to examine processes associated with communicative interactions and intentions processing. The database can be accessed via the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/dcht8/).

The method to study the competencies of the subjects of the digital economy

The purpose of the paper is to present the author’s method to study the competencies required to organizations for the digital economy development. The widespread use of mobile computing devices by citizens in their daily and professional activities, the growth of the internet of things, the accumulation of Big Data, the improvement and emergence of new information technologies (IT) open up new opportunities for conducting economic activities, provided that the subjects possess the competencies of the digital economy. Materials and methods . The research is based on the analysis of IT development trends and options for their application in various types of economic activities. The approach of linear programming was used as a basis, which allowed us to present a bunch of competencies in the form of a matrix. The information base of the study was made up of methodological approaches used in economics and science to research digital competencies, as well as data from reports of leading consulting companies. Results. The author’s method has been developed for studying the competences of digital economy subjects as a large set of knowledge and skills for using modern IT to solve current economic problems. The research method consists in structuring the bunch in the form of a matrix, the size of which is determined by the number of modern IT and economic activities. The values in the matrix reflect the number of competencies of the subject to use a specific IT in a particular type of activity. Conclusion. In modern conditions of digitalization of society, digital competencies are represented by a large set of knowledge and skills. The use of one IT in different activities solves a different set of tasks, and competence assumes the ability of the subject to solve a certain problem using it. Many competencies will continue to grow as the digital economy develops. Limiting the bunch of competencies to a list of universal competencies will lead to a rapid loss of its relevance to the economy. The developed method makes it possible to conduct research on the availability of organizations with the necessary competencies, to identify areas where it is necessary to form new competencies or adapt them from other types of economic activity.

TECHNOLOGY OF FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATIONAL WILLINGNESS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

The process of formation of the professional personality begins from the moment of choosing a profession and lasts throughout the professional life of a person, during which the most important problems of the relationship between a person and a profession are revealed. In psychology and pedagogy of Western countries, the problem of incentives to activity is revealed in a number of concepts and theories from different positions. Currently, motivation as a mental phenomenon is interpreted in different ways. The main theories of motivation should be divided into two directions: substantive theories, which consider motivation from structural positions, and procedural theories, which consider motivation as a dynamic formation. What unites these areas is the understanding of motivation as secondary to the motive of education. The concept of “willingness” for activity is considered as an active and effective state of the person, the installation to determine behavior, mobilization of forces to perform the task. In the structure of professional willingness of the individual, researchers identify different components, among which the most important is the motivational one –attitude to the profession, the need to solve successfully the task and interest in the activity. An essential component of professional willingness is psychological willingness, which should be considered as a complex functional-psychological and personal formation, including: a positive attitude to a particular type of activity; adequate character traits and temperament to the requirements of the activity; the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities, and habits; stable professionally important features of cognitive and emotional-volitional processes.

Formation of motivation of students of higher educational institutions of a technical profile for professionally-applied physical training

The principle of organic connection of physical bringing up with a practice of labour activities as well as with physical improving a person is arisen the more complete and correctly at professional applied and physical preparing (PAPP). It is necessary to note that this principle widens on all social system of physical bringing up but at PAPP searches its specifical expression. As specifical variety of physical bringing up PAPP is pedagogical directed process of obtaining specialized physical preparing to chosen professional activities. That is this is (at its conceptual base) the process of learning which enriches individual reserve of professionally useful moving skills, an bringing up physical and other abilities (so – called moving intellect) from which at direct manner or vice versa professional activities of a person depends on.
 Because of a transfer of Ukraine to European credit and modular system of education at technical higher educational establishments gradually but sometimes sharply an amount of learning hours is decreased for physical bringing up; time from time over half of these hours are self – educational lessons. Theoretical lessons should cover the following issues: a brief description of different types of work and a more detailed coverage of the psychophysiological features of the work of specialists trained in this faculty; dynamics of human performance in the process of work, with coverage of changes in the capacity of specialists of this profile This situation of reorganization of educational system as well as conditions of future practice activities points to the necessity and to pecular need at forming a motivation to physical self – improving technical students; supporting an organism at needed form and this promotes that students will fulfill their professional duties on higher level. Perspective tendencies of general social and scientific and technological progress do not release a person from the need to constantly improve their abilities for a particular type of activity, and their development, for natural reasons, is inseparable from the physical improvement of the individual.

A Portable Elbow Exoskeleton for Three Stages of Rehabilitation

Abstract Patients suffering from stroke need to undergo a standard and intensive rehabilitation therapy. The rehabilitation training consists of three sequential stages: the first stage is controlled joint movement under external actuator, the second stage deals with supporting the movements by providing assistive force, and the last stage provides variety and difficulty to exercises. Most of the exoskeletons developed so far for rehabilitation are restricted to a particular type of activity. Although a few exoskeletons incorporate different modes of rehabilitation, those are software controlled requiring sensory data acquisition and complex control architecture. To bridge this gap, a portable elbow exoskeleton has been developed for delivering three stages of rehabilitation in a single structure without affecting the range of motion and safety features. Use of electric motor and springs have been arranged in the actuation mechanism to minimize the energy consumption. The developed exoskeleton enhances torque to weight ratio compared to existing models, and all the three modes of rehabilitation have been controlled using a single motor.

Management of professional training

The planned modernization of the higher education system should be based on the analysis of the initial state of the system at the present time, problems encountered in recent years and suggestions from all stakeholders. The quality of education of graduates (level of competence) depends on the organization and implementation of the educational process (the contribution of the University) and the activity of students (the contribution of students). Considered the expediency of using the results of student’s surveys to adjust the educational process. Shown that the educational program can take into account the propensity of students to a particular type of activity (technologist, organizer, researcher). Determining the causes of students ’ anxiety helps to improve the educational process and relations with students. Argued that the quality of education increases with earlier adaptation of students to the educational environment of the University. It is shown how the degree of formation of volitional qualities of students affects the manifestation of such properties as responsibility, discipline, organization and diligence. The success of professional activities of graduates of educational organizations will be determined by the direction of their life goals. The assessment of life goals of students shows the need for continuous improvement of socio-cultural (educational) environment in universities. Measures for improvement of educational process and improvement of pedagogical qualification of teachers are offered.

P178 Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Opportunities at Federal Summer Nutrition Program Sites in North Carolina

Background The Summer Food Service Program and National School Lunch Program Seamless Summer Option are federal Summer Nutrition Programs (SNP) that provide free meals to children in low-income areas during the summer. The USDA recommends offering nutrition education and physical activity opportunities at SNP meal sites, yet it is unclear how many sites are offering these types of activities. Objective To examine the proportion of North Carolina (NC) SNP sites currently offering and interested in offering nutrition education and physical activity opportunities. Study Design, Settings, Participants In October of 2018, an online questionnaire was emailed to staff from SNP sites in NC. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Information on types of enrichment activities offered at meal sites was collected through the question “Were any of the following activities provided at your SNP site(s) this past summer?” A list of activities was provided and response options were “Yes,” “No, and we have no plans to do so next summer,” and “No, but I am interested in doing so next summer.” Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results Among the 241 meal site staff that completed the survey, 203 responded to the questions on enrichment activities. Physical activity/sports were reported being offered by 65% of respondents. Offering nutrition-related activities was less common, with 40% offering nutrition education, 27% cooking activities, 20% taste tests, and 18% gardening activities. Among sites not currently offering a particular type of activity, the percentage of sites interested in offering that activity next summer was 49% for nutrition education, 41% for taste tests, 34% for gardening activities, 30% for cooking activities, and 30% for physical activity/sports. Conclusion The majority of NC SNP site staff responding to the survey did not offer nutrition-related activities during the 2018 summer, although many were interested in offering them next summer. Nutrition educators can partner with SNP sites to provide nutrition-related activities and physical activity opportunities for children. Funding None.

EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF JOURNALISTS’ PROFESSIONALLY IMPORTANT QUALITIES

Стаття присвячена висвітленню особистісного аспекту професійної самооцінки журналістів за Реаном А.О. (Реан, 2014), ядром якого виступають професійно–важливі якості (ПВЯ). Проблема вивчення професійної самооцінки журналістів є актуальною, оскільки саме журналісти своєю діяльністю впливають на формування громадської думки. Водночас професійна діяльність журналістів визначається їх професійно–важливими якостями та моральними цінностями. Тим не менш, ПВЯ журналістів досі залишаються недослідженими з точки зору психології. У статті подані результати експертної оцінки основних ПВЯ журналістів, виокремлених з великої кількості професіограм. Оцінка проводилася співробітниками Інституту журналістики Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка з професійним стажем у журналістиці від 4 до 27 років. У результаті було виділено дві групи ПВЯ, які, по суті, відповідають двом групам, виділеним Карповим А.В. – абсолютні (базові професійні якості) та відносні ПВЯ (дозволяють досягти наднормативних результатів у діяльності). &nbsp

ACCOUNTING OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES

ACCOUNTING OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES

Поняття про готовність майбутніх фахівців з комп’ютерної інженерії до застосування здоров’язбережувальної компетентності у професійній діяльності

The article deals with definitions of one of the most controversial complex concepts of «readiness». The term «readiness» arose in experimental psychology at the end of the nineteenth century, where it was seen as a direction, a mental state of a subject that causes behavior (activity) of a certain nature and orientation (O. Kilpe, K. Macbe, D. Uznadze, and others). From the middle of the twentieth century. «Readiness» was interpreted as a qualitative indicator of self-regulation of human behavior (D. Katz, G. Allport, W. Thomas, etc.). Later, this phenomenon was transferred to psychological and pedagogical research in the context of the theory of general activity and professional activity in particular (M. Dyachenko, L. Kandybovich, M. Levitov, etc.). Scientists G. Kozhizpirova and O. Kozhizpirova interpret readiness for activity as a complex dynamic system in which different aspects of the psyche are involved: intellectual, emotional, motivational and volitional. After analyzing the views expressed on the nature and structure of readiness for professional activity, we can conclude that they complement each other, expand and deepen our understanding of the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of «readiness». In addition, we believe that the study of the structure of individual readiness is required in accordance with a particular type of activity, taking into account general, universal components for any professional activity and specific professional components of readiness that are specific to a specific type of activity. Thus, summarizing the theoretical positions proposed by various researchers, we arrive at the conclusion that readiness for professional activity is a complex dynamic structure, which is divided into psychological, scientific-theoretical and practical, and includes the following components: motivational (motives, needs, emotions, aspirations, interests, values, ideals, etc.). It is concluded that readiness is an essential prerequisite for the purposefulness and efficiency of the activity. The higher level of its formation helps a young specialist to perform high-quality professional duties, to apply knowledge, use experience, rebuild professional actions in accordance with difficult situations. However, the formation of readiness as a psychological and pedagogical process, its conditions and criteria directly proportional to the content of activities, which are oriented and to which students are taught. Accordingly, the formation of the readiness of future specialists in computer engineering to apply health-saving competence in professional activities means acquiring it knowledge, skills, experience, guidance on the formation of the necessary motives, giving mental processes and personality features such features that will ensure the future ability to effectively implement Health-saving competence.

Determining the Differences that Matter: Development and Divergence in US States Over 1850-2010

Understanding the differences between rich and poor places is complicated by the fact that places differ from each other in numerous ways. In this paper, we show how a dimension reduction algorithm can unveil hidden patterns in US census data and consistently yield useful insights into the type of economic activities that separate rich and poor states over 160 years of development history. Moreover, we find this approach has a unique ability to shed light on the dynamics of evolving landscapes and changes in relevance of particular types of activities, such as the shift from manufacturing to high skill services that occurred in the US over the last 40 years. Our results have important implications for the decline of the rustbelt and the reversal of US regional income convergence from 1980 onwards.

Regulatory and Methodical Support of the Transition to the BATs in Heat Power Engineering

Federal Law no. 219-FZ of July 21, 2014, “On the Amendments to the Federal Law On Environmental Protection and Certain Legislative Acts” of the Russian Federation established new principles of environmental policy aimed at significantly reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. Currently, active work is under way to harmonize the Russian environmental legislation with regard to the transition to a system of technological regulation of impacts using the best available technologies (BATs). A national regulatory system based on BATs can be developed only through the implementation of integrated measures that are adopted and regulated at different levels (from decisions of the government of the Russian Federation to normative documents). For this purpose, more than 50 sectoral information and technical reference books on BATs have been developed that include descriptions of BATs for particular types of activities and their technological indicators. Starting on January 1, 2019, an integrated environmental permit will be introduced for enterprises with the greatest negative impact on the environment (category I enterprises). In addition, these enterprises will have to implement automatic systems for continuous control and metering of contaminants emissions (ASCCMCEs) into the atmosphere. Therefore, the development and adoption of the preliminary national standard of the Russian Federation PNS 187–2017, which is to come into force on January 1, 2018, will significantly accelerate and facilitate the implementation of ASCCMCEs of thermal power plants (TPPs) in accordance with Federal Law no. 219-FZ. The main goal of implementing ASCCMCEs on TPPs is to consistently reduce the negative impact of thermal power plants on the environment.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИЯМИ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The active economic transformations, caused by the global financial crisis, prompted many business entities to reconsider their positions in planning the indicators of various spheres of their activities (from production to management) both in the current and strategic perspective, focusing not only on personal achievements and world experience, but also actual trends within a particular type of activity. Accordingly, the effectiveness of detection and analysis of current trends inherent in a particular sphere of the economy depends on the efficiency of the economic entities functioning located there. The study of the innovation management issue was conducted on the example of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2010-2016. At the same time, probabilistic forecasts for 2017-2018 were compiled. The following methods were used for the research: analytical, graphic, economic-mathematical and abstract-logical. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: in the period from 2012 to 2016, the activity of the economic entities of the Russian Federation increased substantially (by more than 35%) in the aspect of modernizing their management processes; the actual tendencies of innovation management at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2012-2016 were: increased emphasis on the introduction of managerial innovations with a minimum payback period (no more than one year); activation of the development of original managerial innovations by involving the human resources of agro-industrial enterprises; implementation of the developed managerial innovations only with the involvement of professional consultants. In the resultant part of the study, in order to improve the efficiency of innovation management, it was suggested to approach the issue of studying the above-mentioned trends more comprehensively and plan its activities taking into account the nature of their progress, as well as the impact of a complex of factors of the external and internal environment.

Recreation Use and Spatial Distribution of Use by Washington Households on the Outer Coast of Washington

Natural resources along the Outer Coast of Washington provide a variety of economic, social, and cultural benefits to the state’s residents, including tourism and recreation. Knowledge of the intensity and spatial distribution of recreation use can help inform marine spatial planning (MSP) and management of parks and marine protected areas (MPAs). A survey was funded by the State of Washington to support its MSP process and addressed visitation to the Outer Coast with emphasis on outdoor recreation activities. In 2013 and 2014, Point97 and the Surfrider Foundation conducted an Internet survey using a panel from Knowledge Networks (KN), a marketing research firm. The panel included a random sample of households in the State of Washington. In 2014, the survey was expanded to address management plan objectives of Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (OCNMS). The survey covered user visitation to the Outer Coast over the past 12 months. It also solicited information on detailed recreational activities participated in by respondents over the 12-month period and on the last trip. Information on the respondent’s last trip to the Outer Coast was collected for two important reasons. First, respondents provided trip expenditure information so that expenditure profiles of visitors and their economic contributions to the local economy could be estimated. Second, respondents provided information on where, spatially, they engaged in particular types of activities during their last trip. This spatial information was used to estimate the spatial intensity of use by types of recreational activities along the Outer Coast (OC) and to estimate use in OCNMS under different spatial definitions of the OCNMS. Demographic information of the users was also collected to build user profiles, and to help understand how population changes may impact use and economic impacts. Subscribe to JPRA

Development of binomial pricing model of shares and bonds for a life insurance company

The process of share price formation is studied in the article as well as a random process, and a model is developed that describes a random process that has characteristics close to the Brownian bridge, and realizes a multiplicative model of the bond price evolution with outpaced repayment time and normal value. The definition of a random process of forming a share price through a geometric Brownian bridge is also given. Since the Ukrainian insurance market is at the initial stage of development, and the country's economy is unstable, insurance companies need practical and reliable tools for calculating and forecasting the expected return on investment activity. And especially urgent for this particular type of activity is the issue of breakeven investment, as insurance companies can’t afford risky investment because of the specifics of their activities. As a research result, the level of investing in a risk-free asset for an insurance company of a cumulative type is calculated.

Content-Focused Coaching: Five Key Practices

AbstractMany districts are using content-focused coaching as a strategy to provide job-embedded support to teachers. However, the current coaching literature provides little guidance on what coaches need to know and be able to do to engage teachers in activities that will support their development of ambitious instructional practices. Furthermore, little is known about how and why effective coaches choose to design particular types of activities with certain teachers. In this article, we report an exploratory case study that examined a mathematics coach who consistently engaged teachers in coaching activities that had the potential to support their development when she worked with them one-on-one in their classrooms. In presenting an analysis of the coach’s design of coaching activities, we describe five aspects of her planning practice and delineate the knowledge implicated in those practices. The findings clarify goals for coaches’ professional learning, and therefore have implications for school and di...

Assessing human mirror activity with EEG mu rhythm: A meta-analysis.

A fundamental issue in cognitive neuroscience is how the brain encodes others' actions and intentions. In recent years, a potential advance in our knowledge on this issue is the discovery of mirror neurons in the motor cortex of the nonhuman primate. These neurons fire to both execution and observation of specific types of actions. Researchers use this evidence to fuel investigations of a human mirror system, suggesting a common neural code for perceptual and motor processes. Among the methods used for inferring mirror system activity in humans are changes in a particular frequency band in the electroencephalogram (EEG) called the mu rhythm. Mu frequency appears to decrease in amplitude (reflecting cortical activity) during both action execution and action observation. The current meta-analysis reviewed 85 studies (1,707 participants) of mu that infer human mirror system activity. Results demonstrated significant effect sizes for mu during execution (Cohen's d = 0.46, N = 701) as well as observation of action (Cohen's d = 0.31, N = 1,508), confirming a mirroring property in the EEG. A number of moderators were examined to determine the specificity of these effects. We frame these meta-analytic findings within the current discussion about the development and functions of a human mirror system, and conclude that changes in EEG mu activity provide a valid means for the study of human neural mirroring. Suggestions for improving the experimental and methodological approaches in using mu to study the human mirror system are offered.