Titanium Carbide Particles Research Articles

Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir-Welded AA2219: TiCp-Reinforced Composites

Light materials having high strength-to-weight ratio plays a vital role in material science especially in the field of aerospace, marine transportation, military and structural applications. Composite serves the same. Aluminium matrix composite (AMC) is the aluminium matrix which has high strength-to-weight ratio. The purpose of the work is to investigate the mechanical properties of welded AA2219 aluminium alloy reinforced with titanium carbide particles (TiCp). Aluminium matrix is reinforced with TiCp using modified stir casting process. Optical colour graphs, XRD and EDX analysis reveal the presence of TiCp in cast AMC. Tensile test shows the ultimate tensile strength increases with the percentage of TiCp addition. Cut samples of size 100 mm X 50 mm X 6 mm cast AMC were friction stir welded using response surface modelling. Ultimate tensile strength and joint efficiency were calculated for the weld samples, and the effects of input parameters were investigated. Experimental results indicate that tool pin profile has a significant effect on tensile strength of friction stir-welded joints followed by welding speed. It is evident from the response that tool rotational speed had the least effect on ultimate tensile strength. The calculated joint efficiency of the most weld samples was more than 90% with respect to the ultimate tensile strength of the base metal. This work ensures defect free, high efficiency welded joints produced using a wide range of process parameters and recommends parameters for producing best joint tensile properties.

Microstructure and wear resistance behavior of Ti–C–B4C-reinforced composite coating

Poor wear resistance and microhardness of nickel (Ni)-based alloy pose major concern and challenges in industrial applications. To enhance mechanical properties, composites reinforced with different contents of titanium (Ti), carbon (C), and boron carbide (B4C) particles were prepared on the 45# die steel by laser cladding. Microstructure characteristics and evolution mechanisms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Hardness and wear testers were used to measure microhardness distribution and wear resistance of composite coating. Results indicated that in situ synthesized TiC, TiB2, carbides, and borides in the coating significantly refined microstructure, which were uniformly distributed. Diffusion of Ti and C in the matrix contributed to obvious dispersion strengthening, improved bonding strength among ceramic particles through ring phase and multiphase, and increased holding force of matrix, which are responsible for the good wear resistance. Coatings with 9:1:5 and 11.5:1:2.5 mass fraction ratios of Ti/C/B4C exhibited the highest microhardness and the lowest friction coefficient (low speed wear), which are 4.98–5.1 times higher and 4.75 times smaller than those of original Ni204 coating, respectively. All samples show a small value of friction coefficient (<0.3) under high frequency wear conditions, and the wear resistance is closely related to the bonding strength of matrix and ceramics.

An Evaluation of Combustion Kinetics for the Synthesis Reaction of the Reinforcing Phase During Casting Phase During Casting

The computer modeling of the solidification process in castings with local composite reinforcement (LCR) obtained as a result of in situ reactions of self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is difficult due to limited data on the thermo-physical parameters of exothermic effects and the kinetics of the synthesis reaction. In the present study, Hadfield cast steel casting was manufactured with LCR containing titanium carbide particles obtained in situ by the SHS method. Reaction kinetics of titanium carbide synthesis in the composite casting were determined on the basis of temperature measurements in the area of LCR during the process. For the estimation of the reaction, the Fourier Thermal Analysis method was used. The paper presents the results of temperature measurement and the results of the calculation of SHS reaction kinetics. It was found that the reaction time under the conditions of the analyzed casting is below 3 s.

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of TiC + xC Composites

TiC + xC composites comprising titanium carbide particles, unreacted carbon black particles, and a graphite nanofilm have been prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis pressing. The fused titanium carbide particles form a robust skeleton, whose voids contain carbon black particles separated from the titanium carbide particles by the graphite nanofilm. We have examined the effect of composition and temperature on the resistivity of the TiC + xC composites. The resistivity of the composites has been shown to increase with increasing carbon content. In the temperature range 300–1300 K, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of the TiC + 0.25C, TiC + 0.5C, and TiC + 0.75C composites is 8.9 × 10–4, 9.5 × 10–4, and 9.7 × 10–4 K–1, respectively. In the temperature range 1000–1010 K, the resistivity of the composites remains constant as a result of the ordering of the carbon sublattice in TiC.

Precipitation of Titanium in Titanium Carbide Particles Dispersed in Titanium Matrix Composites Synthesized from Ti–C–N System Powder Mixtures Using Arc-Melting Method

Precipitation of Titanium in Titanium Carbide Particles Dispersed in Titanium Matrix Composites Synthesized from Ti–C–N System Powder Mixtures Using Arc-Melting Method

Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiC-particulate-reinforced Ti–Mo–Al intermetallic matrix composites

The microstructures and mechanical properties of titanium carbide (TiC)-particulate-reinforced B2-structured Ti–Mo–Al intermetallic matrix composites (Ti–Mo–Al–TiC composites) with various matrix compositions and TiC contents have been systematically investigated. All the Ti–Mo–Al–TiC composites were composed of a B2-ordered Ti–Mo–Al matrix and off-stoichiometric TiC particles. Fine globular and rod-like TiC particles preferentially formed in the interdendritic regions of the matrix. Primary TiC in relatively large particle sizes and a uniform particle distribution were observed in the composites containing 10 at.% TiC. The compression strength was found to depend on both the matrix composition and TiC content. The contribution of TiC particles to the overall strength of the composites at high temperatures (≥800 °C) was not as strong as that at room temperature. Compared with the unreinforced Ti–Mo–Al matrix materials, the Ti–Mo–Al–TiC composites exhibited improved high-temperature deformability. The composites deformed above 800 °C showed the plastic deformation of TiC particles. The strengthening mechanisms involved in the Ti–Mo–Al–TiC composites are discussed by correlating the microstructural features with the strengths of the composites. The impressive mechanical properties of the Ti–Mo–Al–TiC composites endow them with great potentials in high-temperature structural applications.

Machinablility of titanium matrix composites (TMC) reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced titanium matrix composite (TMC) is a type of new material with promising potentials in industry because of its superior properties such as low density and high elastic modulus. In this paper, the machinability of CNT-reinforced TMCs with different fabrication methods was studied experimentally. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed in titanium (Ti) powder via different dispersive methods, and the Ti-MWCNTs powder mixtures were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at different temperatures. The fabricated TMCs were machined by milling and electrical discharge machining (EDM), and their machinability was investigated by analysing the roughness, hardness, cutting forces and micro morphology of the machines surfaces. After milling, it was found that the machinability of the TMCs fabricated under different processing conditions was different, which was reflected by the difference in cutting force (values and frequecies), tool wear and facial morphology (roughness, hardness, flaws and element distribution). The main causes of these variances in machinability were attributed to the CNT agglomeration and presence of in situ formed titanium carbide (TiC) particles in Ti matrices. Also, the CNT agglomeration and TiC particles influenced the facial morphology of TMCs after EDM. The sizes and distribution of pores due to the erosion were different for the four TMCs. The results proved that the fabrication methods influence the properties of the TMCs which significantally impact their machinability.

Providing of Operational Properties for Gas-Turbine Engine Parts and Assemblies Using Electrospark Deposition

Article explains manufacturing capability of titanium parts reliability enhancement and life cycle enhancement by electrospark deposition using low energy discharges. Carbon electrodes used to form functional properties of parts surface layer. Alloyed carbooxide zone consist of highly dispersed structure (with particles of titanium carbide, titanium oxide, graphite), with 3-10 micron thick, and high hardness antifrictionality. Alloyed layer contain ordered phase Ti8C5, TiC, and the structure of Ti6C3,75. Parts dimensions almost do not changed after electrospark deposition with carbon electrodes. Subsequent diamond burnishing decrease friction coefficient and surface roughness. Fatigue resistance increased after healing of defects and microcracks. Local carbooxidation and burnishing used to increase wear resistance of titanium alloys.

Obtaining Titanium Carbide in an Atmospheric Electric Discharge Plasma

The results of experimental studies on the development of scientific and technical foundations of a method to obtain cubic titanium carbide in plasma of a DC arc discharge initiated in air have been presented. According to X-ray diffractometry of powder materials obtained in a series of experiments, the dependences of phase composition of the product on the duration of synthesis have been determined. Using the results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion analysis, several morphological types of titanium carbide particles, which are formed as a result of uneven energy distribution in the reaction volume, have been revealed.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metallography, Microstructure, and Wear Analysis of AA 6063/TiC Composites for Augmented Dry Sliding Property at Room Temperature

This paper summarizes the experimental investigations for augmented dry sliding property of AA 6063/TiC composite. An in situ metal matrix composite has been prepared with AA 6063 alloy for the matrix and TiC for reinforcement particulates. The fabrication of the composites is done by using potassium titanium fluoride (K2TiF6) and powder of graphite as a mixture for reaction along with molten aluminum alloy at 950 °C. The weight fraction of TiC particulates has been varied in the composites C0, C1, C2, and C3 as 0, 3, 6, and 9%, respectively. Various characterization techniques and tests were conducted to observe the morphological properties of the composites. The composites were categorized into three sets. The first set of the composites is as-cast condition. The composites were heat-treated to form two more sets, namely solutionized and solutionized-aged condition sets. The “pin-on-disk” apparatus is used for conducting the tests, wear analysis, and comparative analysis of the wear for the dry sliding condition. The study indicated a significant enhancement of the resistance to wear by composites with the higher fractions of titanium carbide (TiC) particulates and further enhancement with the heat treatment.

Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Reinforced Al-7075 Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites

The epidemic adoption of particulate metal matrix composites (MMCs) for engineering applications has been delay by the high cost of producing components of even minimally complex shape. The aluminum-based composites find its applications widely in transport, aerospace, marine, automobile and mineral processing industries, owing to their improved strength, stiffness and wear resistance properties. This paper, presents the overview of the addition of different reinforcements to aluminium alloy. The reinforcements are added to the Al7075 by using stir casting method. Effect of these reinforcements like Titanium carbide (TiC) and silicon (Si) influencing on the mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness was studied. Research relevant to these factors which influence particles distribution were noticed by conducting the experimental studies of Al7075 hybrid composites.The mechanical properties and the microstructure of Al–TiC-Si metal matrix composite has shown the significant improvement in Hardness and Tensile strength, with increase in TiC and Si particles in weight percentage of composites.

Formation of Bulk Tensile Regions in Metal Matrix Composites and Coatings under Uniaxial and Multiaxial Compression

This paper numerically investigates the mechanical behavior of an aluminum specimen with a TiC–Al6061 composite coating. The strain localization and fracture patterns are determined for different scale levels. The effects of the loading type, distance between titanium carbide particles, and metal matrix coating thickness are studied. A numerical method based on the experimental data is proposed for constructing three-dimensional structures of materials with complex-shaped particles. The method is applied to create three-dimensional structures of a material with a composite coating on different scale levels. Interfacial strain localization patterns are examined under multiaxial compression caused by cooling of the metal matrix/ceramic particle composite from the melt to room temperature, as well as under uniaxial compression. The formation mechanisms of bulk tensile regions under mechanical and thermal compression are investigated.

Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Coatings Produced by Nonvacuum Electron Beam Cladding of Refractory Carbides on Low-Carbon Steel

Using nonvacuum electron beam cladding of a Cr3C2 + TiC powder mixture, we have produced coatings on low-carbon steel in a wide range of processing conditions. The coatings and reference samples have been tested in corrosion and wear resistance. The results demonstrate that the coating obtained at a deposited surface energy density W = 8.8 kJ/cm2 has the highest corrosion resistance, which is due to the increase in the chromium concentration in the cladded layer to 16%. The wear resistance of the coatings has been shown to be influenced by the number and size of titanium carbide particles. The highest wear resistance is offered by the coating produced at W = 10.0 kJ/cm2.

Laser cladding nickel‐titanium carbide composite coating on a 45 carbon steel: Preparation, microstructure and wear behavior

AbstractAlmost fully dense nickel‐titanium carbide composite coatings with varied titanium carbide content were deposited on 45 carbon steel by laser cladding. High content of titanium carbide particles up to 50 wt.% with bimodal microstructure could be homogeneously distributed in the nickel based matrix. Due to the presence of the harder nickel‐titanium carbide composite coating on the 45 carbon steel, the surface hardness and wear properties were significantly improved. The Vickers hardness (HV 3) increased from about 260 HV 3 for the 45 carbon steel to 300 HV 3 – 360 HV 3 for nickel based composite coating containing 30 wt.% titanium carbide and 550 HV 3 – 680 HV 3 for nickel based composite coating containing 50 wt.% titanium carbide composite coating, respectively. The coefficient of friction and volume wear rate was reduced down to 0.41×10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1 and 9.3×10−6 mm3 N−1 ⋅ m−1 when a nickel based composite coating containing 50 wt.% titanium carbide was coated on the 45 carbon steel, respectively. The enhanced wear performance of the composite coating was due to presence of harder nickel‐titanium carbide composite coating and formation of varied soft and lubricant metal oxides consisting of mainly titanium oxides and minor iron and nickel oxides.

Titanium carbide’s effects on coatings formed on D16T aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Purpose The preferable concentration of titanium carbide was optimized and added as an additive to the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte to produce a high corrosion-resistant coating on D16T aluminum alloy. Design/methodology/approach Ceramic coatings were deposited on D16T aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation in alkaline silicate electrolytes with micron titanium carbide particle suspending at different concentrations. Influences of additive concentration on morphology, elemental and phase composition and corrosion resistance of doped PEO coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods, respectively. Findings Results revealed that suspending titanium carbide additives incorporated into ceramic coatings through discharging channels and chemically transformed into amorphous stage. The content of titanium in the doped coatings increased with the increasing concentration of suspending micron additive. Compared with the coating without particle addition, the corrosion resistance of the coating produced in 8 g/L titanium carbide suspension increased more than 20 times. The result indicated that the incorporation of titanium into the PEO coatings formed on the D16T aluminum alloy could effectively improve the corrosion resistance. Originality/value The mechanism of corporation of TiC and the mechanism of improving the corrosion resistance of the coating were proposed.

Microstructural and mechanical behavior of aluminium alloy reinforced with TiC

In the present research work AA2014 reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) ceramic particles; Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) were manufactured by conventional stir casting technique. The volume percentage of TiC particulates was varied from 0 to 12% by weight in the metal matrix in a step of 3%. Mechanical properties such as Tensile strength, hardness and ductility were measured and microstructure was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TiC particles were dispersed evenly in the aluminium matrix as revealed from SEM micrographs. With increased content of TiC in the aluminium matrix; the ductility of composites reduced by 44%. Hardness, tensile strength of composites enhanced by 51% and 20% with TiC particles respectively, as the content of particles increased from 0 wt.% to 12 wt.%.

The effect of titanium carbide particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of copper/graphite composites prepared by flake powder metallurgy route

The current study focuses on the effect of titanium carbide particles that are used as a reinforcement in Cu/graphite composite fabricated successfully through flake powder metallurgy technique. The reinforced titanium carbide particles were added in 1, 3 and 5% by weight in the Cu/5wt%Gr matrix. Microstructural analysis of the composites was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The mechanical properties such as hardness and density of the composites were assessed. SEM analysis shows formation of flake particles. The hardness is optimum for Cu-5Gr with 5 wt% TiC but the relative density reduces to 74.01% for 5 wt% TiC composite due to increase in porosity at higher percentages of TiC.

The effect of TiC particulate reinforcement on dry sliding wear behaviour of Al based composites

Abstract The purpose of developing Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is to improve the mechanical and tribological properties by adding reinforcement in to the aluminium alloy. The current research is focussed on enhance the tribological and mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy MMC with the addition of Titanium Carbide (TiCp) particles. Different composites were developed by varying TiC particles for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weight percent. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties. Wear test also carried out at constant load of 10N and velocity of 2 m/s for all weight fractions at sliding distances of 300m, 600m, 900m and 1200m. It was found that, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and hardness increased with the increase of TiCp. The worn-out surface of tested specimens were analysed and found that frictional coefficient and wear rate decreased with the increase of reinforcement and sliding distances for all the weight fractions. However, after 9% weight fraction the wear rate increases.

Obtaining of doped composite material Al—Cu—Mn—TiC with enhanced tribological properties

The results of tribological characteristics of alumomatric composite material Al — 5 % Cu — 2 % Mn — 10 % TiC obtained by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method are presented. It is shown that in comparison with technical aluminum and matrix alloy, signifi cantly lower indicators of the coeffi cient of friction, wear and heating temperature characterize composite material, reinforced with nano- and ultrafi ne particles of titanium carbide.

Material characterization and unconventional machining on synthesized Niobium metal matrix

The Purpose of this work is to develop a niobium based metal matrix alloy through sintering based powder metallurgy technique. The 2, 4 and 6 weight percentage of Titanium Carbide (TiC) is added to the alloy. Various material properties such as hardness, tensile strength, impact strength and density are measured after the addition of TiC particle. The characterization, microstructure and particle size of the developed metal matrix are learnt through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis of x-rays (EDAX). Finally, the synthesized niobium metal matrix is machined by unconventional machining processes namely Ultrasonic Machining (USM) and Laser Beam Machining (LBM) processes. The various input and output parameters have been considered for this experimental work. The most influential parameters on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) are found by Analysis of variance. The systematic evaluation of optimal parameters of MRR and SR are carried out by using taguchi approach.