Metal Particles Research Articles

Preparation of reduced iron powder by reduction roasting of jarosite residue using straw-type biochar reductant

As a renewable and carbon-neutral energy source, straw-type biochar shows promise in replacing fossil fuels for green metallurgy. In this paper, an ammonia leaching-biochar reduction roasting-magnetic separation process was developed to achieve whole-component resource recovery of the jarosite residue. The optimum conditions for ammonia leaching included an ammonia mass fraction of 4%, leaching temperature of 70 °C, leaching time of 45 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 12, under which 96.84% ammonia jarosite decomposition rate was obtained. The feasibility of the reaction between biochar pyrolysis gas and the iron-bearing components was investigated by thermodynamic and thermogravimetric analyses. The optimum conditions for biochar reduction included a roasting temperature of 1050 °C, corn stover biochar as a reducing agent, a biochar addition ratio of 1.25, and a roasting time of 60 min, under which 75.8% of the iron was reduced to metallic iron. After magnetic separation, exhibited a remarkable metallic iron content of 93.54% and an iron recovery rate of 83.20%. Eventually, the particles were reduced to massive and spherical metallic iron particles. This study presents a novel reference for the implementation of biochar reduction of jarosite residue and demonstrates the potential of biomass for energy saving and emission reduction in resource utilization.

Boosting bio-lipids hydrodeoxygenation via highly dispersed and coking-resistance bimetallic Ni-La/SiO2 catalyst

A highly dispersed and coking-resistance bimetallic Ni-La/SiO2 catalyst was prepared for the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and non-edible bio-lipids to hydrocarbon compounds. Under optimum conditions, full conversion of methyl palmitate (MP) and 97.6% selectivity for pentadecane (PD) were achieved. The catalyst also exhibited high conversion and excellent desired product selectivity for the HDO of various model FAMEs, fatty acids, trilaurin, jatropha oil (JO) and waste cooking oil (WCO). Multiple characterizations show that the embedding effect (metal−support or metal−metal interaction) associated with the introduction of metallic La not only contributes to the formation of well-dispersed Ni particles and abundant active Niδ+−OV−LaOx species, but also prevents the migration and sintering of metallic Ni particles at high temperatures. Furthermore, the mutual transformation of the La2O3 and La2O2CO3 crystal phases effectively inhibits coke deposition on the catalyst surface during the reaction process, resulting in remarkable stability and reusability of the catalyst. A plausible reaction network and mechanism for the catalytic HDO of MP over Ni-La/SiO2 catalyst were proposed. This method of constructing a catalytic system can provide a basis for the development of efficient catalysts for the HDO of non-edible bio-lipids.

Evaluation of ecological risk due to suspended particulate matter-bound heavy metals deposited on selected plants in an urban area

Evaluation of ecological risk due to suspended particulate matter-bound heavy metals deposited on selected plants in an urban area

Influence of metal particles shape on direct current voltage electric properties of nanofluids

It is widely recognized that the application of nanoparticles has the potential to improve the dielectric properties of transformer oil. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies that have utilized pure nanofluids, and in practical applications, it is inevitable for transformer oil to become contaminated. Therefore, this study conducted tests to investigate how the shape and size of metal contaminants impact the dielectric performance of Fe3O4 nanofluids. The findings from the levitation voltage test indicate that as the size and diameter of the particle increase, the levitation voltage value measured also increases, and conversely. Moreover, a higher concentration of nanoparticles leads to a higher measured levitation voltage value. On the other hand, the breakdown voltage test results demonstrate that larger and sharper particles result in lower measured breakdown voltage values, and vice versa. The simulation outcomes regarding electric field distribution reveal that larger and sharper particles correspond to higher measured electric field values, while the opposite is true for smaller and less sharp particles.

Metal-organic framework confined preparation of hydrophobic nickel/carbon nanofibers for lightweight and enhanced microwave absorption

The use of a metal-organic framework (MOF) confinement strategy to achieve controllable growth and even allocation of magnetic metal nanoparticles (NPs) in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can significantly improve the microwave absorption performance of absorbers. Herein, we constructed Ni-MOF in the spinning solution and prepared Ni/CNFs with confined structures using electrospinning combined with carbon thermal reduction. The microstructure of Ni/CNFs was regulated by adjusting the amount of organic ligands added. Ni NPs with single domain size and uniform allocation could optimize impedance matching and enhance electromagnetic synergistic effects, which was beneficial for enhancing microwave absorption performance. When the additional amount of organic ligands was 4 wt%, the absorber reached the optimal microwave absorption performance as the filling ratio was only 3 wt%, the minimum reflection loss (RL) reached –24.9 dB at 13.6 GHz when the thickness was 2.0 mm, and the effective bandwidth (EBW) attained 5.22 GHz. In addition, the excellent hydrophobic performance of nanofibers (NFs) endowed them with potential self-cleaning functions. In addition, to verify the practical application value of the prepared samples in radar stealth technology, we used computer simulation technology (CST) to simulate the samples. Therefore, this work provides a new approach for the controllable preparation of novel magnetic metal/carbon fiber-based absorbers, and also provides a model reference for the controllable growth of magnetic metal particles in the carbon thermal reduction reaction process.

Direct calibration using atmospheric particles and performance evaluation of Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) 2.0 for sub-10 nm particle measurements

Abstract. The Particle Size Magnifier is widely used for measuring nano-sized particles. Here we calibrated the newly developed Particle Size Magnifier version 2.0 (PSM 2.0). We used 1–10 nm particles with different compositions, including metal particles, organic particles generated in the laboratory, and atmospheric particles collected in Helsinki and Hyytiälä. A noticeable difference among the calibration curves was observed. Atmospheric particles from Hyytiälä required higher diethylene glycol (DEG) supersaturation to be activated compared to metal particles (standard calibration particles) and other types of particles. This suggests that chemical composition differences introduce measurement uncertainties and highlights the importance of in situ calibration. The size resolution of PSM 2.0 was characterized using metal particles. The maximum size resolution was observed at 2–3 nm. PSM 2.0 was then operated in Hyytiälä for ambient particle measurements in parallel with a Half Mini differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). During new particle formation (NPF) events, comparable total particle concentrations were observed between the Half Mini DMPS and PSM 2.0 based on Hyytiälä atmospheric particle calibration. Meanwhile, applying the calibration with metal particles to atmospheric measurements caused an overestimation of 3–10 nm particles. In terms of the particle size distributions, similar patterns were observed between the DMPS and PSM when using the calibration of Hyytiälä atmospheric particles. In summary, PSM 2.0 is a powerful instrument for measuring sub-10 nm particles and can achieve more precise particle size distribution measurements with proper calibration.

Revolutionizing Nanovaccines: A New Era of Immunization

Infectious diseases continue to pose a significant global health threat. To combat these challenges, innovative vaccine technologies are urgently needed. Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties and have emerged as a promising platform for developing next-generation vaccines. Nanoparticles are revolutionizing the field of vaccine development, offering a new era of immunization. They allow the creation of more effective, stable, and easily deliverable vaccines. Various types of NPs, including lipid, polymeric, metal, and virus-like particles, can be employed to encapsulate and deliver vaccine components, such as mRNA or protein antigens. These NPs protect antigens from degradation, target them to specific immune cells, and enhance antigen presentation, leading to robust and durable immune responses. Additionally, NPs can simultaneously deliver multiple vaccine components, including antigens, and adjuvants, in a single formulation, simplifying vaccine production and administration. Nanovaccines offer a promising approach to combat food- and water-borne bacterial diseases, surpassing traditional formulations. Further research is needed to address the global burden of these infections. This review highlights the potential of NPs to revolutionize vaccine platforms. We explore their mechanisms of action, current applications, and emerging trends. The review discusses the limitations of nanovaccines, innovative solutions and the potential role of artificial intelligence in developing more effective and accessible nanovaccines to combat infectious diseases.

Field Performance of an Innovative Downpipe Roof Runoff Treatment System: Effect of Roof Material, Stormwater Characteristics, and System Age on Heavy Metals Removal

Metal roofs are common in urban areas due to their cost-effectiveness and durability, yet stormwater runoff from building roofs is a major contributor of heavy metals to urban waterways. This study investigated the field performance of a downpipe treatment system (DPTS) using waste seashells to remove aluminium, zinc, and copper from roof runoff. First-flush runoff samples were collected before and after treatment during 30 events over 18 months. Results showed that Zn (85–97%) and Cu (59%) in runoff were predominantly dissolved, while Al (71–90%) was mainly particulate. Metal concentrations were largely influenced by the roof material, and weak correlations were observed with climate characteristics. The DPTS effectively removed particulate metals from copper (76 ± 48% Cu, 80 ± 41% Al) and galvanised (75 ± 49% Zn, 74 ± 27% Al) roof runoff. It also removed dissolved metals from Zincalume® (53 ± 32% Zn, 60 ± 30% Al) and Aluminium (96 ± 5% Zn) roof runoff, sustaining performance over 542 days of operation. Metal removal was linked to initial concentrations, partitioning, and metal affinity for the filter media, with precipitation, where metals formed insoluble compounds, and adsorption, where metals bound to the surface of the shells, as potential mechanisms. This study demonstrates that repurposing waste seashells in roof runoff treatment offers a low-cost, scalable and easily retrofittable solution for treating heavy metal pollution at its source, directly supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), and Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11).Graphical

Ammonia Synthesis Over an Iron Catalyst with an Inverse Structure.

Achieving a substantial increase in the ammonia productivity of the Haber-Bosch (HB) process at low temperatures has been a significant challenge for over 100 years. However, the iron catalyst designed over 100 years ago remains at the forefront of this process because it is difficult to exceed the industrial iron catalyst in terms of the ammonia synthesis rate/catalyst volume that determines ammonia productivity in a reactor. Here, a new catalyst with an inverse structure of a supported metal catalyst that consists of metallic iron particles loaded with an aluminum hydride species is reported. The iron catalyst is readily prepared from an α-Fe2O3 precursor and ammonia could be synthesized at more than twice the ammonia synthesis rate/catalyst volume of the conventional industrial iron catalyst, even though the specific surface area of the former is only half that of the latter. In addition, ammonia synthesis over the catalyst is observed with a small apparent activation energy at 50 °C. Mechanistic studies suggested that an increase in the active sites with strong electron-donating capability on the iron catalyst significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate/catalyst surface area, which resulted in high catalytic activity/catalyst volume.

Fluorescent Properties of Mesalazine-Loaded Hydrogel Nanocomposites for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.

This study synthesizes a novel three-dimensional (3D) porous coordination polymer (CP), {[Co(L)₀.₅(H₂O)]·NMP·H₂O}n (1), via a solvothermal method in a mixed solvent of water and NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), reacting Co(II) ions with H₄L (1,4-bis(5,6-carboxybenzimidazolylmethyl)benzene). The CP exhibits unique fluorescence properties, emitting at 420nm under UV light excitation at 350nm, and serves as a carrier for Mesalazine (MSZ) in therapeutic applications. To enhance biocompatibility, MSZ-loaded fluorescent metal particles were encapsulated with chitosan (CMCS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), forming a bio-friendly drug delivery system, HA/CMCS-CP1@MSZ. The system was extensively characterized, confirming its stability and fluorescence properties, which facilitate drug tracking and controlled release. In vitro tests in ulcerative colitis (UC) models demonstrated that the HA/CMCS-CP1@MSZ system significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 levels, indicating its potential to effectively downregulate UC-associated inflammatory factors and be developed as a clinical treatment for UC. Furthermore, the fluorescence sensitivity of the system was explored, revealing its broad application potential beyond Fe³⁺ sensing, including drug release monitoring and tracking biological processes. This feature not only supports UC treatment but also presents new possibilities for iron ion monitoring in various iron metabolism-related diseases, such as anemia and cancer. Molecular docking simulations suggest that the carboxyl functional groups on the cobalt metal complex play a crucial role in the bioactivity, while the benzimidazole groups, serving as ligands, have a minimal direct impact on the bioactivity.

Insights into Contribution of Active Ceria Supports to Pt-Based Catalysts: Doping Effect (Zr; Pr; Tb) on Catalytic Properties for Glycerol Selective Oxidation

How important is the support during the rational design of a catalyst? Herein, doped ceria (Zr; Pr and Tb) was used as an active support to prepare Pt catalysts (0.5 wt%) for glycerol selective oxidation. A thorough characterization of achieved catalytic systems showed that the nature of doping elements led to different physicochemical properties. The presence of surface Pr3+ and Tb3+ not only increased oxygen vacancies but also electron mobility, modifying the oxidation state of platinum particles. The redox properties of the catalyst were also affected, achieving a close interaction between the support and metal particles even in the form of Pt-O-Pr(Tb) solid solutions. Furthermore, the combination of medium-sized metal particle dispersion, strong metal–support interaction and a synergy between the amount of oxygen vacancies and Pt0, observed in the Pt/CeTb catalyst, led to a high turnover frequency (TOF) and increased selectivity to glyceric acid. Thus, the present study reveals how a simple structural modification of active supports, such as cerium oxide, by means of doping elements is capable of improving the catalytic performance during glycerol selective oxidation, avoiding the cumbersome methods of synthesis and activation treatments.

Relationship Between Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Process for Optimization Ferro-Nickel Smelting

Saprolite ores in nickel laterite deposits are pyrometallurgically processed to produce Fe-Ni alloy and Ni matte. The key to achieving the highest recovery degrees from nickel ore in electric arc furnaces and producing top-quality ferro-nickel alloys lies in maintaining optimal carbon consumption and carefully controlling the composition of the slag. This research work focused on finding the optimal smelting procedure for extracting ferro-nickel from calcined nickel ore. Comparing experimental data to the results of thermodynamic modeling using Factsage 8.2 software was a key part of the study. The nickel smelting process, which involved a carbon consumption of 4 wt.%, resulted in ferro-nickel with an Fe/Ni ratio of 4.89 and slag with a nickel content of just 0.017%. The structure and properties of nickel slag in the MgO-SiO2-FeO system were investigated by observing the changes in the MgO/SiO2 ratio. This study found a significant nickel recovery degree of 95.6% within the optimal M/S ratio range of 0.65 to 0.7. When the M/S ratio exceeds 0.7, iron-rich magnesium silicates (MgxFeySiO2+n) are generated within the slag. These compounds are released downwards due to their higher specific weight, restricting the movement of small metal particles and contributing to increased metal loss through the slag. Optimized slags could revolutionize smelting, increasing metal recovery while minimizing environmental impact.

Water quality performance of vegetated compost blankets for highway stormwater management: Particulate matter and trace metals.

Urban stormwater pollution poses serious risks to human and environmental health, including trace metals toxicity. To improve the performance of existing highway Vegetated Filter Strips (VFS), which have limited performance for volume reduction and pollutant removal, amendment with a Vegetated Compost Blanket (VCB), a layer of seeded compost, has been proposed. A novel VCB/VFS system was assessed as a Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) via particulate matter and trace metals removal performance. Field and greenhouse studies of the VCB/VFS system were conducted and concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), filtered and total copper, and total zinc were analyzed. Thirty-three representative field storm events were sampled over a period of 2.25years. Significant TSS removal was observed in both the field and greenhouse studies, with effluent particles likely flushing from the media itself and the majority of effluent concentrations below the water quality target of 25mg/L. Particulate copper, and likely particulate zinc, were also largely concurrently removed. Dissolved trace metals performance was mixed, and differences in initial compost copper content was likely influential in observations of dissolved copper leaching in the field which was not observed in the greenhouse. Despite positive performance for particulate matter and associated trace metals removal from stormwater, potential detriment to downstream water bodies due to dissolved copper leaching is a concern. Before widespread implementation, compost composition and potential for dissolved trace metals release should be thoroughly considered, as well as the age and ability of the VFS to immobilize dissolved metals.

Optimization of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Metal Matrix Composites Using Taguchi Approach

The paper's goal is to determine Al6061's wear behavior using Silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement. When reinforcing is added, aluminum's strength to weight ratio rises, making it the ideal material for applications where a high strength to weight ratio is required. Aluminum-based metal matrix composites are favorable in many industries, including electronics, sports equipment, aircraft, and defense, because of their light weight, high strength, and low coefficient of thermal expansion when reinforced. Under dry sliding wear circumstances, the sliding wear behavior of aluminum matrix composites 6061-SiC has been studied. Stir casting is used to create Al6061 matrix metal and SiC particles with an average size of 44 µm as reinforced particles to create aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). For Al6061, the examined AMMCs had 0%, 3.5%, and 7.0% weight percentage of SiC particles. The usual load of 10, 20, and 30 N, the sliding distances of 1000, 2000, and 3000 m, and the sliding velocities of 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m/s were all used in the wear testing. To collect data in a controlled manner, Taguchi orthogonal array techniques were utilized in the Design of Experiments (DOE). To find out how process variables affected composite wear loss, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was created. The findings demonstrated that adding Silicon Carbide reinforcements to an aluminum matrix composite greatly boosts the composite's resistance to wear.

Sources identification and health risk assessment of heavy metals in total suspended particulates (TSP) in a geochemical anomaly area influenced by historical indigenous zinc smelting activities.

The superposition of heavy metals (HMs) from multiple anthropogenic sources in geochemical anomaly areas makes it difficult to discriminate prime sources in atmospheric HMs. This study utilized a combination of microscopic features, positive matrix factorisation, and Pb isotope fingerprints to trace the main sources of HMs bound to total suspended particulates (TSP) at a pollution site (Msoshui: MS) and control site (Lushan: LS) in northwestern Guizhou. The results reveal that the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the TSP of LS are 3.97, 94.25, 2.93, 26.51, 3.15, 3.23, and 122.08ngm-3, respectively, in the 5years from 2018 to 2022, compared to 20.15, 960.28, 4.20, 41.50, 7.72, 2.95, and 1614.50ngm-3 in that of MS. In comparison with other cities and remote areas, the concentrations of TSP-bound Cd, Pb, As, and Zn at MS and LS are high. The microscopic morphology shows that atmospheric particles of LS are primarily derived from mineral dust, whereas those of MS are mainly affected by multiple anthropogenic sources. The results of the positive matrix factorisation model (PMF) suggest that the predominant sources of TSP-bound HMs at MS are industrial sources, mixed sources (coal combustion and traffic sources), and mineral dust, reflecting the noticeable superposition of industrial sources compared to those at LS. The Pb isotope analysis demonstrates that TSP-bound Pb principally derive from surface soil (61.33%) and vehicle exhaust & dust from burning coal (38.67%) at LS, while it is mainly influenced by surface soil (29.21%), smelter dust (27.50%), and vehicle exhaust & dust from burning coal (43.29%) at MS. Moreover, it also indicates that the lingering effects of historical indigenous zinc smelting activities continue to impact the atmospheric and surface soil conditions in northwestern Guizhou Province. Risk assessment indicates that although the non-carcinogenic risk for each element is within acceptable limits, the total non-carcinogenic risk of HMs exceeds the minimal risk level, and Cd and As are the primary contributors.

Time-domain analysis of mode competition in ZnO nanowire lasers in inhomogeneous environments

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire lasers are increasingly integrated into complex optoelectronic devices as a source of coherent radiation. To enable the rational design of these devices, it is crucial to understand how both the nanowire resonator and its surrounding environment influence mode competition and the three-dimensional structure of lasing modes. Additionally, realistic models of the lasing process must account for transient gain dynamics. In order to investigate the impact of an inhomogeneous environment, composed of various materials and structures, on mode competition, we conducted Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations of the dominant lasing modes in different ZnO nanowire laser configurations. Our model describes how key parameters such as nanowire diameter, length, and substrate choice affect the field distribution in the lasing regime. We show that metallic substrates support lasing in thin nanowires in two distinct coupling regimes. Furthermore, we show that metallic particles attached to the nanowire end facets as a result of established nanowire growth techniques significantly influence lasing threshold, field distribution and competition between counter-propagating modes. We show that attaching an aluminum particle at the end facet of a ZnO nanowire leads to a threshold reduction, a switching of the dominant lasing mode and a mono-directional power flow inside a large segment of the nanowire.

Analytical model for helical particle array assessment for EMI shielding applications

This paper introduces an analytical method for studying power transmission through an infinite array of helical-shaped metal particles in a lossy dielectric medium. While the assessment of composite slabs’ transmitted power has been extensively researched in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding field, many studies lack an adequate problem description. The primary inadequacy of these studies is the need for an analytical framework. This study, besides presenting a new approach to designing a concrete composite that leverages the magnetoelectric properties of the particles, making it suitable for EMI shielding, also employs a theoretical method to analyze the composite. A circuit model of the array is introduced using a modal field decomposition, which justifies the impact of helix transmission modes and the transverse magnetic field component on the shielding properties of the array. It is also shown that the resonances of the array can be tuned by engineering the helix properties. Furthermore, to broaden the applicable bandwidth of the composite, a multi-layer structure is proposed. The computational load of the proposed method demonstrates exceptional speed due to its circuit model foundation. The model yields valuable results compared to experimental measurement, making it ideal for optimizing various shielding composite structures for EMI shielding applications.

Hindered Sedimentation of Tungsten Carbide Particles in a Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Polymer-Bonded Explosive Energetic Composite System.

Energetic composite systems with uniform particle distributions are of considerable interest, but sedimentation is a persisting challenge. Tungsten carbide (WC, density: 15.36 g/cm3) particles are promising cemented carbide particles owing to their desirable properties. In this study, we investigated the mitigation of sedimentation in a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) energetic composite by optimizing the viscosity and particle distribution using WC particles and a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based binder. A simulation based on a modified version of Stokes' law is used to study the sedimentation behaviors of the system at different viscosities, and the resistance coefficient of particle sedimentation is estimated. The PBX energetic composite system loaded with the WC particles is prepared and analyzed. In the early curing stages, when the resistance coefficient is 0.65-1.95 (×109), the sedimentation rate is low, but increases rapidly as the viscosity of the system increases. When the effective viscosity is ≥11,510 MPa·s, the particle sedimentation is improved. The energetic components are tightly entangled within the binder, with no exposure or agglomeration, and the WC particles are evenly distributed. The system can reach a solid content of 91% and retain its pourability. Thus, an energetic composite system loaded with high-density metal particles is prepared, providing a reference for use in PBX formulation.

Synthesis of Metalopolymer Structure by Potentiostatic Deposition Method

The initial fundamental aspect examined in this study pertained to the chemical treatment of a silicon electrode in an acidic environment. The objective was to facilitate the deposition of organic or inorganic substances using electrochemical methods. Moreover, this study focused on investigating the nucleation process of poly(azacyclopenta-2,4-diene) on semiconductor substrates and exploring the incorporation of copper particles within the resulting film. The deposition of the polymer film onto the silicon electrode surface occurred through electrochemical oxidation of the monomer in a Na2SO4/H2O solution. The introduction of copper particles into the polymer film was achieved through electrochemical reduction in aqueous solutions, leading to the dispersion of metallic particles within the polymer matrix. Notably, the surface morphology of the poly(azacyclopenta- 2,4-diene)-metal composite films exhibited a coarser and more compact structural appearance compared to pure poly(azacyclopenta-2,4-diene) films. To gain further insights into the surface characteristics of the poly(azacyclopenta-2,4-diene) films, EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of copper into the composite films.

Boosting Energy Harvesting Performance in Piezoelectric Composites with Aligned Porosity via a Dual Structure Design Strategy.

Porous piezoelectric materials have attracted much interest in the fields of sensing and energy harvesting owing to their low dielectric constant, high piezoelectric voltage coefficient, and energy harvesting figure of merit. However, the introduction of porosity can decrease the piezoelectric coefficient, which restricts the enhancement of output current and power density. Herein, to overcome these challenges, an array-structured piezoelectric composite energy harvester with aligned porosity was constructed via a dual structure design strategy to enhance the output current and power density. Silver metal particles were introduced into a porous barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) ceramic matrix as a secondary phase to regulate the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. The optimal addition of silver particles can reduce the size of ferroelectric domains, which leads to an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient and energy harvesting figure of merit. Combined with the design of the array structure, the maximum output voltage and current of the piezoelectric composite energy harvester can reach 76 V and 340 μA, respectively, with a peak power density of 0.97 mW/cm2. Furthermore, the array-structured piezoelectric energy harvester can light 40 blue LED bulbs and power commercial low-power electronic devices. This work provides a strategy to boost the output current and power density of porous piezoelectric materials via a micro-macro structure design strategy for energy harvesting applications.