Particle Size Values Research Articles

Optimizing the myofibrillar-plant proteins emulsion by ultrasound techniques: Improvements in structural and functional properties.

The integration of myofibrillar proteins with plant proteins has gained substantial consideration in the food industry for producing healthier and more sustainable food products. However, achieving the desired properties of these protein emulsions remains challenging. High-intensity ultrasound treatment has emerged as a promising method to enhance the structural and functional properties of emulsions. We have explored the previously unexamined potential of ultrasonication with respect to improving the stability of animal-plant-based protein emulsions, providing new insights into the interactions of novel protein combinations. Ultrasonication improved the stability of the myofibrillar protein-soybean protein isolate (MS), myofibrillar protein-pea protein (MP) and myofibrillar protein-hydrolyzed wheat protein (MW) emulsions. Interestingly, the particle size of MS, MP and MW emulsions was significantly reduced with ultrasound treatment for 20 min. Among the three protein combinations, MW presented better stability, as indicated by the higher zeta potential, lower particle size and turbidity values. Moreover, the stability of MW was increased with an increasing ultrasound time. The stability of MW was significantly improved after 10 min of ultrasound treatment as a result of improving the zeta potential, particle size and turbidity values, changing the secondary structure and microstructure of the emulsion. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sensing of nanostructured CdS thin films via several solution concentrations

Using chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods and various molarities, nanostructured CdS thin films were developed. XRD assured that these films were cubic polycrystalline, containing larger grains as the solution's concentration of cadmium ions increased. Dislocation density values dropped from 79.32 to 62.90 as a result, nevertheless. Also, the strain is lowered from 30.88 to 27.50. AFM results demonstrate that these films suffer a decrease in the value of average particle size, root mean square, and roughness with the molarity concentration. SEM images show CdS thin films at various molarities (0.10, 0.15, 0.20) M, indicating reduced grain size with increased concentration. The optical characteristics indicate a large band gap decreases from 2.46 eV to 2.34 eV and a high transmittance in the visible portion of the spectrum of more than 97.5%. The Refractive Index value changed from 3.23 to 3.11 as the content of cadmium ions increased. CdS films show p-type behavior, reducing resistance with NO2 gas, influenced by molar concentration. The sensitivity of CdS films to NO2 shows a decrement with increased molar concentrations.

Optimization Using Central Composite Design of the Response Surface Methodology for the Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Material from Rice Husk Ash

Alkali-activated materials are promising alternatives to cement. This study investigated the effects of the silica content, particle size, and replacement ratio of rice husk ash (RHA) on the compressive strength and the optimization of these parameters. Seventeen mixtures with different materials were tested to evaluate their compressive strengths. Three levels of particle size, silica content, and RHA replacement ratio were used. The effects of RHA characteristics on the compressive strength were investigated based on Archimedes porosity, pH, ignition loss, and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results reveal that the replacement ratio of RHA was p-values < 0.002, which affected the compressive strength compared with the particle size (p-values < 0.450) and silica content of the RHA (p-values < 0.017). It was confirmed that the optimum values of particle size, silica content, and replacement ratio of RHA were 50 µm, 90%, and 15 wt.%, respectively. After re-testing, the compressive strength of mortar made with the optimum values was 49.8 MPa. This increase in compressive strength was also found to be closely related to the porosity, pH, and ignition loss of the paste. It was confirmed that the replacement ratio of RHA increased with decreasing porosity and pH and increasing ignition loss, which was related to the formation of calcite and C-S-H.

Effect of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction on proso millet bran protein: extraction rate, structural and functional properties.

Proso millet bran protein (PMBP), derived from agricultural by-products, possesses high nutritional value, despite its challenging extraction process. The present study proposes an extraction method for PMBP using ultrasound-assisted cellulase technology (UAE), and optimizes the process parameters. Non-waxy (N-PMBP) and waxy (W-PMBP) PMBPs, extracted through alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation (conventional treatment, CT), served as control groups to assess the impact of UAE on the structure and functionality of PMBP, as well as the distinctions between N-PMBPs and W-PMBPs. At an ultrasonic power of 420 W, cellulase concentration of 80 U g-1, enzymolysis pH of 5.0, enzymolysis temperature of 55 °C and enzymolysis time of 3 h, the maximum PMBP extraction rate was achieved at 76.80%. Compared to CT, UAE extraction resulted in enhancements in α-helix and random content, particle size, surface hydrophobicity (H0) and ξ-potential value, leading to improved functionality of the PMBPs. Additionally, significant functional and structural disparities were observed between N-PMBPs and W-PMBPs. Although no significant difference in molecular weight was detected, each exhibited three major bands. W-PMBPs exhibited significantly higher beta-sheet content compared to N-PMBPs, whereas the reverse trend was observed for α-helix content. W-PMBPs displayed strong solubility and water/oil holding capacity compared to N-PMBPs, albeit with lower emulsifying properties and H0. UAE could enhance PMBP extraction, inducing structural and functional changes in PMBPs compared to CT. Significant differences in functionality and structure were observed between N-PMBPs and W-PMBPs, providing fundamental data and a theoretical basis for PMBP development and utilization. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Investigation of flurbiprofen pharmacokinetics in rats following dermal administration of optimized cyclodextrin-based nanogel.

The main purpose of this study was to optimize a cyclodextrin-based nanogel of flurbiprofen (FP) for prolonged dermal administration and evaluate its stability, in vitro release, ex vivo skin permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. The nanogels were prepared via emulsification/solvent evaporation process and optimized through design of experiments. Optimal formulation was characterized via particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), solubility, stability, in vitro release/ex vivo permeation studies and mathematical modeling, and pharmacokinetic studies conducted in rats. Results were compared to HPMC-based gel that was not nano-sized (i.e.FP-HPMC gel). The PS, PDI and ZP values of optimal FP-loaded nanogel were 295.5 nm, 0.361 and -31.9 mV, respectively and it was stable for 12 months. In in vitro release studies, the flux from the optimal FP-loaded nanogel (96.3 µg/hcm2) was three times slower (i.e.more controlled) than that of the FP-HPMC gel (287 µg/hcm2); the permeability coefficient of the nanogel (0.015 cm/h) was slightly less than that of FP-HPMC gel (0.046 cm/h). Rat skin studies showed FP-loaded nanogel provided higher drug retention in the skin, compared to FP-HPMC gel. Mathematical modeling from rat skin permeation showed the Hixson-Crowell model was the best fitting model for FP-loaded nanogel, suggesting surface area of the nanogel is changing during the release process. In rat pharmacokinetic studies, the FB-loaded nanogel exhibited prolonged and flatter plasma profile than the FP-HPMC gel, consistent with the higher drug retention in the skin. The optimized nanogel provided prolonged drug permeation and more sustained pharmacokinetic performance compared to FP-HPMC gel.

EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE ON GASIFICATION OF SOLID FUEL IN A LOW-TEMPERATURE GAS GENERATOR

The work is devoted to the study of gasification of porous material under the conditions of a gas generator of a propulsion system. A low-temperature gas generator for producing combustible gases can be included in a solid fuel engine. The effect of urotropine particle size on the characteristics of its gasification under the conditions of a low-temperature gas generator was experimentally studied. For this purpose, urotropine particles of various fractions were used: 2-3, 3-5, 5-7 and 7-10 mm. It is shown that there is a particle size value above which the gasification characteristics are practically independent of this parameter. The effect of particle size on gasification characteristics only appears for particle size values below a certain size. This is explained by a decrease in the permeability of the porous bed as the particle size decreases.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF MODIFIED NANOCLAY SUSPENSION FROM KAKURI VILLAGE

In this study, the preparation of modified nanoclay using different amino acids has been investigated. The modified and unmodified nanoclay sample has been characterized using X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET), Particle Size and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results suggest that the interlayer spacing of modified nanoclay increases with the intercalation of the modifiers. BET showed that nanoclay was successfully synthesized as revealed by the pore width and volume in the range of 2.647-45.23nm and 11.08-862.6cm3/g, with a BET surface area of 262.1m2/g for the control (CTL). Whereas, Arginine, Tyrosine and Aspartic acid modified nanoclay had 1.847-6.503nm, 2.647-45.23nm and 2.647-45.23nm each with a BET SA of 533.9, 325.4 and 356.3m2/g respectively. Study revealed that the clay deposits were composed of a mixture of clay minerals (Quartz, Anorthite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Orthoclase and Muscovite). Particle size shows that unmodified nanoclay had particle diameter in the range of 0.88-68.71nm, Whereas, modified nanoclay sample had particle size value of 0.88-60.52nm for TYS, ASP and ARG respective. SEM images revealed the presence of varying pore sizes distribution across the surface area of both the modified and unmodified nanoclay samples.

Effects of Rice Husk Ash Particle Size and Luxan Value Influence on Mortar Properties and Proposal of Hydration Ratio Measurement Method

A fundamental study has been conducted on the effective utilization of rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete. RHA is an agricultural byproduct characterized by silicon dioxide as its main component, with a content of 90% or more and a porous structure that absorbs water during mixing, thereby reducing fluidity. The quality of RHA varies depending on the calcination environment; however, the effect is not consistent. In this study, the pore structure was modified, and fluidity was improved by adjusting the particle size of the RHA. From a quality control perspective, this study aims to classify grades using Luxan values. While the characterization of RHA is based on Luxan values, the methodology for measuring its hydration response has not been reviewed. The test methods used in this study are as follows. To test the raw materials, density, specific surface area, XRF, SEM, and isothermal adsorption–desorption curves were measured, and fluidity was measured in fresh mortar. In a hardened mortar, compressive strength and drying shrinkage length change rate were measured. In addition, XRD and TG were measured for specimens after the compressive strength test. The selective dissolution method was used to measure the hydration rate. By adjusting the particle size of RHA to 45 µm, fluidity was enhanced. The relationship between the Luxan value and the basic properties of the mortar indicates that higher Luxan values correspond to greater compressive strength and drying shrinkage. We believe that the method used in this experiment can be used to quantify RHA.

Development of Thermosensitive Mucoadhesive Gel Based Encapsulated Lipid Microspheres as Nose-to-Brain Rivastigmine Delivery System.

Alzheimer's disease (ALZ) is a neurodegenerative disease that damages neuronal cells and causes decline in cognitive abilities. Administration of cholinesterase inhibitor compounds is the primary choice in the treatment of ALZ, one of which is rivastigmine (RVT). Several routes of administration of RVT are available, such as oral and transdermal. However, in the oral route, RVT has low bioavailability, undergoes first-pass metabolism, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) reduces the therapeutic concentration of RVT. The transdermal route is nonselective target in the brain. This study aims to combine thermosensitive mucoadhesive gel (TG) and lipid microspheres (LM) as a drug delivery system to improve the efficacy of RVT. Combining these will prevent systemic side effects of RVT and increase drug concentration in the brain. LM was formulated with varying concentrations of Compritol polymer. The results of LM evaluation showed the values of particle size, PDI, and %EE and %DL were 8.519 μm, 0.018 ± 0.004, 72.54%, and 76.43%, respectively. The TG formulation can provide a liquid form at room temperature (25 °C) and a gel at nasal temperature (35 °C). Hemolytic and HET-CAM tests confirmed TG RVT LM's safety for use. Ex vivo studies showed controlled and sustained release of TG RVT LM, and in vivo studies showed TG RVT LM a higher pharmacokinetic profile in the brain than oral formulations and injections. The Cmax was found to be 7.05 ± 0.55 μg/cm3, Tmax was 24 h, and AUC0-24, which is related to the effectiveness of brain targeting, was 225.73 μg/cm3. In conclusion, this study shows the successful development of TG RVT LM, as evidenced by improved drug delivery to the brain, which is characterized by higher concentrations of RVT in the brain compared with oral and injectable RVT, this delivery system shows potential as a future treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Eco-friendly Nanostructured Liquid Crystals Loaded with Clove Oil as a Sustainable Approach for Managing Infected Burn Wounds

Infections are a leading complication in patients with burns. Effective antimicrobial treatment with regenerative tissue healing is required. Utilizing components derived from plant origin such as natural oils as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for managing disease is highly required nowadays. The aim of the current study is to assess the antibacterial and wound-healing activity of clove oil and its novel eco-friendly nanostructured liquid crystals (Eco-friendly-NLCs) formulation in treating infected burn wounds. A 23 full factorial design was used to optimize the Eco-friendly-NLCs. Clove oil and its novel nano-formulation were characterized and subjected to in vitro and in vivo assessments for their efficacy. Twenty rats were used experimentally. The optimum Eco-friendly-NLCs had 189.2 ± 1.9 nm, -22.8 ± 0.7 mV and 0.308 as values for particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index. Transmission electron microscope images showed discrete spherical shape NLCs with no aggregations. The microbiological and pharmacological results revealed a superior efficacy regarding clove loaded Eco-friendly-NLCs in inhibiting bacterial growth (inhibition zone of 38 mm), significantly reducing inflammatory biomarker levels (p < 0.001), promoting angiogenesis and prompt wound healing. The Eco-friendly-NLCs loaded with clove oil could be considered as a promising formulation providing anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and wound healing effects.Graphical

Development of folic acid functionalized bilosomes for delivery of vorinostat to breast cancer cells: Characterization and cytocidal effects on MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines

Purpose: Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer in woman. Vorinostat (VOR) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has been utilized for treatment of breast cancer, but its effectiveness is limited due to low bioavailability and several side effects. The primary aim of this study is to prepare folic acid (FA) conjugated pegylated bilosomes containing VOR for the selective targeting of breast cancer cells with the FA receptor expression. Accordingly, lithocholic acid (LCA) was used as a bile acid in bilosomes due to its anti-cancer and anti-proliferation effects. Methods: VOR loaded bilosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized by applying two-level fractional factorial design. Various properties of the considered bilosomes, including particle size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PdI), encapsulation efficiency (EE) % and drug loading (DL) %, were then investigated and synthesized FA-PEG-Cholesterol was incorporated in the optimized bilosomes. The anti-cancer efficacy of VOR loaded FA-PEG- bilosomes was also evaluated in vitro using the MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, drug-free FA-PEG-bilosomes and bilosomes were evaluated for biocompatibility in the L929 cell line. Results: The optimized VOR loaded bilosomes exhibited spherical particles with the size of 305.33 ± 18.50 nm, PdI of 0.37 ± 0.03, zeta potential of -17.66 ± 0.15 mV, EE of 92.91 ± 0.22 % and DL% of 23.64 ± 0.04%. Incorporation of FA-PEG-cholesterol in nanobilosomes increased the particle size and absolute value of zeta potential. In vitro cytotoxicity study also revealed that VOR loaded FA- PEG-bilosomes demonstrated a greater cytotoxic effect, as compared to the free VOR and VOR- bilosomes in both MCF-7 and 4T1 cancer cells. Conclusion: This showed that FA- PEG-bilosomes could be a promising formulation for the treatment of FA (+) tumors.

Fabrication of solvent-based alkyd paint from disposable PET water bottles: A comparative study

This comparative study aims to prepare alternative and cheap solvent-based paint using a waste PET-based alkyd resin synthesized from waste PET intermediate, suitable for coating applications. Waste PET flakes obtained from grinding post-consumer water bottles were depolymerized by the glycolysis reaction at atmospheric pressure. The depolymerization product was extracted by hot water, and a water-soluble crystallizable fraction (WSCF) and water-insoluble fraction (WIF) were obtained. WSCF was completely used instead of the diol component in the synthesis reaction of a four-component PET-based alkyd resin that has an oil content of 60%. Besides PET-based alkyd, reference alkyd without waste PET intermediate was also synthesized. Then, solvent-based paints were prepared using PET-based alkyd, reference alkyd, and commercial alkyd as binders. Wet paint properties and physical/chemical dry film properties of paints were determined. It was observed that the viscosity, density, hiding power, and particle size values of the paint prepared with waste PET-based alkyd were in the range suitable for paint applications, and the hiding power of waste PET-based alkyd paint was better than reference and commercial alkyd paints. Glossy, relatively soft, flexible paint films with excellent adhesion strength and impact resistance, and relatively high abrasion resistance were obtained from waste PET-based alkyd paints. It was observed that the resistance of waste PET-based alkyd paint to household chemicals was better than the paint prepared with commercial alkyd, and its resistance to ethyl alcohol, vinegar, and beverages was excellent. Waste PET-based alkyd paint was less affected by solvents than commercial alkyd paint. The environmental resistance of waste PET-based alkyd paint is excellent, and the oven-cured waste PET-based alkyd paint showed excellent resistance to corrosive conditions. The use of waste PET-based alkyd resin in the paint formulation did not cause any negative effects on the wet paint, physical/chemical surface coating properties, and chemical performance tests. As a result, PET-based alkyd paints, which are prepared using waste PET-based alkyd resins synthesized from the depolymerization intermediates of PET bottles, have the same or superior coating properties compared to commercial alkyd

Improved uptake of anthocyanins-loaded nanoparticles based on phenolic acid-grafted zein and lecithin

Anthocyanins (ACNs) exhibit various physiological activities but have low bioavailability. This study aimed to improve cellular uptake and permeability of ACNs by utilizing phenolic acids grafted zein and lecithin (ZLAs) as the carrier. With the highest grafting rate achieved in rosmarinic acid (RA)-zein at 39.79 ± 0.40 % using alkali treatment, the grafted zein samples were characterized through spectroscopy, NMR, and analysis of physicochemical properties. Ferulic acid (FA)-ZLAs exhibited the smallest particle size (69.72 ± 0.50 nm) and PDI value of 0.206 ± 0.012. Multi-spectroscopy indicated hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces were the major forces to stabilize ACNs. Moreover, carrier binding including electrostatic interaction effectively enhanced processing, thermal degradation, color, and gastrointestinal stability. In Caco-2 monolayers, FA-ZLAs significantly improved cellular transport efficiency, resulting in up to a 1.9-fold enhancement. RA-ZLAs exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. This work proposes a feasible strategy for stabilizing ACNs and propelling their use in dietary supplements.

Sustainable synthesize of beetroot extract-silver-iron oxide (BE-Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles for antioxidant studies

In this work, beetroot extract is used to synthesize the silver-iron oxide (Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles, which are then characterized and used for the antioxidant studies. Phenolic components were found to coat the nanoparticles, according to FT-IR analysis. Tannins and flavonoids in the extract serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. SEM revealed spherical bimetallic nanoparticles that were roughly 40 nm in size. Crystallinity and purity were shown by XRD examination, which also revealed unique reflection peaks. Particle size and zeta potential values clearly confirm that, the prepared bimetallic nanoparticles are in nano size and it is stable in nature. Furthermore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of produced bimetallic nanoparticles are examined, and their efficacy is compared to that of beetroot extract. Beetroot extract-silver-iron oxide (BE-Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles showed improved radical scavenging effectiveness when compared to DPPH. Moreover, bimetallic nanoparticles demonstrated increased radical scavenging efficacy in relation to DPPH and H2O2. Surprisingly, at 20 mg/ml, the BE-Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles showed good scavenging activity, reaching 84.65%. The produced bimetallic NPs had greater antioxidant activity than the plant extract, according to an analysis of the total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity data. Electron donation property of main constituent of beetroot extract was analysed by density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Consequently, this work implies that beetroot extract assisted bimetallic NPs could be a flexible material with a range of uses in the biomedical area.Graphical

Non-destructive measurement of the dispersion of high-density polyethylene/Polystyrene blends using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy based on deep learning

The dispersion of polymer blends significantly influences their overall performance. However, current methods for characterizing dispersion are destructive and time-consuming. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) regression model was first developed for the measurement of cumulative particle size distribution function (CDF) of dispersed particles in polymer blends, thus indirectly and quantitively characterizing dispersion. High-density Polyethylene/Polystyrene (HDPE/PS) with varying dispersed particle sizes were prepared by adjusting the content of PS, flow field intensity during processing, and viscosity ratio between HDPE and PS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to provide reference particle size values for calibrating the NIR data. Deep-learning methods were used for the model building. Compared to traditional partial least-square regression, deep learning methods demonstrated superior fitting ability, The best-performing model, an MLP with three hidden layers, achieved an coefficient of determination (R2) of approximately 0.93 on the independent test set. The predicted CDFs closely matched the actual values, with no significant deviations observed. This study provides a non-destructive and time-saving new method for characterizing the dispersion of polymer blends.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO TESTS OF KETOPROFEN NANOSUSPENSION USING THE MILLING METHOD WITH POLYMER VARIATIONS

Objective: The aim of this research was to formulate ketoprofen nanosuspension with a variety of polymers and to compare the dissolution rate of the nanosuspensions with ketoprofen suspension. Methods: Ketoprofen nanosuspension was formulated by milling method using a different polymer such as Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 (F1), Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (F2) and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) (F3). Nanosuspensions were prepared and characterized, including organoleptic, pH, particle size, zeta potential, Polydispersity Index (PI), specific gravity, crystalline state determination, physical stability at room temperature for 3 mo, and in vitro dissolution test compared with ketoprofen suspension. Results: The ketoprofen nanosuspensions with PVP K-30 and PVA showed stable preparations, while those with HPMC showed less stability, as indicated by sedimentation during storage. The particle size values of PVP K-30 and PVA were 10.004±0.03 nm; and 9.560±0.01 nm; zeta potential and polydispersity index values met the test requirements. The dissolution rate of the ketoprofen nanosuspensions was higher with a cumulative of F1, F2, and F3 were 83.35%; 85.00%, and 81.09% after 60 min, while the ketoprofen suspension was only 7.62%. Conclusion: The milling method of ketoprofen nanosuspensions with PVP and PVA has more stable physical characteristics than nanosuspension with HPMC. The ketoprofen nanosuspensions have a higher dissolution rate than the ketoprofen suspension.

Vesicular Carriers for Improved Oral Anticoagulation Competence of Rivaroxaban: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation

Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant for avoidance and therapy of thromboembolic disorders. Unfortunately, oral bioavailability of rivaroxaban is compromised with dose increments. Accordingly, the aim was to test nano-vesicular lipid systems for improved oral anticoagulation activity of rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban loaded niosomes, bilosomes and spanlastic formulations were prepared. The prepared systems were assessed in terms of particle size, zeta potential, transition electron microscopic features (TEM), entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release, and in-vivo anticoagulation performance in rats. The prepared vesicular systems exposed spherical negatively charged vesicles with mean particle size values between 136.6 nm to 387.9 nm depending on the composition. Rivaroxaban was efficiently entrapped in the vesicular systems with entrapment efficiency values ranging from 92.4% to 94.0%. Rivaroxaban underwent sustained release from the fabricated vesicular systems. The in vivo performance of the tested preparation revealed significant enhancement of the anticoagulation parameters. This was manifested from the prolonged clotting time, and prothrombin time. Moreover, the cut tails of the examined rats receiving the formulated nano-systems exposed a lengthy tail bleeding time compared to those receiving the un-processed rivaroxaban aqueous dispersion. In Conclusion, niosomes, bilosomes and spanlastic nano-dispersions have a potential to overwhelm the oral anticoagulation efficiency of rivaroxaban with spanlastic ranked as best.Graphical

Formulation of Polyethylene Glycol Based Ibuprofen Nanosuppository Preparations and Assesment of Dissolution

Ibuprofen is widely formulated in oral and rectal dosage forms. Ibuprofen in the rectal route shows c max and t max longer than syrup preparations, this is due to the low solubility of ibuprofen. Nanoparticles are one of the technologies that are widely used to increase the solubility of an active substance. Nanoscale particle size, can increase the solubility of ibuprofen and allow dose reduction. This study aims to formulate ibuprofen nanosuppository preparations, and test the percent dissolution of nanosuppositories compared to conventional suppositories. The ibuprofen nanosuppository formulation consists of ibuprofen lipid component and PEG mix component (PEG 4000: PEG 6000). The ibuprofen lipid component consisted of ibuprofen VCO oil, tween 80 and propylenglycol. This lipid component was then tested for physical characteristics, transmittance, particle size and zeta potential, then the lipid was added to the suppository base component. The responses observed were disintegration time, hardness, and non-intrinsic dissolution efficiency. The test results showed transmittance values of 91.98%, 92.99%, 93.26%. Particle size and potential zeta values of FI = 107, 5 nm, FII 102 nm and FIII 103 nm. The zeta potential were -16.19 mV, -12.44 and -13.25 mV in the lipid component. The test results of the disintegration time of F1, F2, F3 nanosuppositories were 12 minutes, 11 minutes and 10 minutes. The hardness of F1, F2, and F3 were 1.53 kg, 1.43 kg and 1.26 kg and the dissolution efficiency value was higher than conventional suppositories. Modification of ibuprofen nanosuppositories had a significant effect on the percent dissolution of ibuprofen.

Synthesis, Structural, Morphology and Magnetic Properties: Effect of La on Multiferroic Nature of BiFeO3 Nanoparticles

Objectives: The present study focuses on developing La-doped BiFeO3 multiferroic materials for dielectric absorber applications. Methods: The samples are characterized by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). Further, the morphology is examined using field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The dielectric parameters and ac-electrical parameters are carried out by impedance spectroscopy. The magnetic properties are studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer VSM, P-E loop. Findings: XRD confirms the rhombohedral (trigonal) structure of BLFO nanoparticles. The grain and particle size values are determined by SEM and TEM, respectively. The dielectric and ac-electrical parameters for all the samples are thoroughly discussed at room temperature. The Maxwell-Wagner or interfacial polarization is noticed at low input field frequencies for x=0.2-0.8. The impedance analysis shows the contribution of grain and its boundary in the electrical conduction mechanism. The multiferroic behavior is examined using M-H loops, P-E loops, and μi-f plots. Novelty: The samples are synthesized by the hydrothermal process to prepare La-doped BiFeO3 nanomaterials. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Electron Microscopy, Multiferroic, Magnetization, Polarization, Permeability

Unlocking the wound healing potential of Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Kaff Maryam) Extract's nanosuspension: UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiling, formulation development and statistical optimization

BackgroundAnastatica hierochuntica L. (Kaff Maryam) is a desert plant with documented therapeutic applications. Various medicinal uses have been reported for the plant extract such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities. The abundant plants constituents are promising and encourage the investigation of novel therapeutic uses. The principal objective of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents of A. hierochuntica (AH) by phytochemical profiling of its ethanolic extract, alongside an investigation of its wound healing efficacy after being formulated into nanosuspension for topical localized wound treatment. MethodA comprehensive metabolomics study of the ethanolic extract of A. hierochuntica aerial parts was assessed using UPLC MS/MS technique. Additionally, the preparation of AH nanosuspension was executed utilizing the antisolvent-precipitation method. A D-optimal experimental design was adopted to investigate the influence of variables such as: stabilizer ratio, antisolvent: solvent ratio, and stabilizer type on particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). The design also was employed in the optimization process. The selected optimal formula was further assessed for size characteristics, morphological identification by TEM, storage stability, FTIR, cytocompatibility with human skin fibroblast (HSF), and scratch assay on HSF to assess wound healing aptitude. ResultsChemical profiling of the aerial parts revealed an abundance of glucosinolates, flavonoids, flavolignans, and fatty acids. The optimized AH-nanosuspension showed small particle size (128.87 ± 26 nm), small PDI (0.136 ± 0.05), and high ZP absolute value (−37.53 ± 0.52 mV). Furthermore, TEM photography of the optimal nanosuspension formula exhibited circular non-aggregating nanosized particles. FTIR confirmed the successful formulation of the AH ethanolic extract into nanosuspension with no physicochemical interactions. Additionally, AH-nanosuspension demonstrated cytocompatibility with HSF with IC50 = 58.317 μg/mL. Moreover, both AH pure extract and AH-nanosuspension exhibited a remarkable cell migration rate and wound closure % which propounds an auspicious wound healing potential. ConclusionThe study accentuates the supremacy of the nanosized delivery approach of AH aerial parts ethanolic extract and warrants further in-vivo investigations to establish its clinical utility for wound management.