Particle Oscillations Research Articles

Constraints on Mass, Spin and Magnetic Field of Microquasar H 1743-322 from Observations of QPOs

The study of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of X-ray flux observed in many microquasars can provide a powerful tool for testing of the phenomena occurring in strong gravity regime. QPOs phenomena can be well related to the oscillations of charged particles in accretion disks orbiting Kerr black holes immersed in external large-scale magnetic fields. In the present paper we study the model of magnetic relativistic precession and provide estimations of the mass and spin of the central object of the microquasar H~1743-322 which is a candidate for a black hole. Moreover, we discuss the possible values of external magnetic field and study its influence on the motion of charged particles around rotating black hole.

Lyapunov exponent and criticality in the Hamiltonian mean field model

We investigate the dependence of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) of an N-particle self-gravitating ring model at equilibrium with respect to the number of particles and its dependence on energy. This model has a continuous phase-transition from a ferromagnetic to homogeneous phase, and we numerically confirm with large scale simulations the existence of a critical exponent associated to the LLE, although at variance with the theoretical estimate. The existence of strong chaos in the magnetized state evidenced by a positive Lyapunov exponent is explained by the coupling of individual particle oscillations to the diffusive motion of the center of mass of the system and also results in a change of the scaling of the LLE with the number of particles. We also discuss thoroughly for the model the validity and limits of the approximations made by a geometrical model for their analytic estimate.

Quantum mechanical systems interacting with different polarizations of gravitational waves in noncommutative phase space

Owing to the extreme smallness of any noncommutative scale that may exist in nature, both in the spatial and momentum sector of the quantum phase-space, a credible possibility of their detection lies in the present day gravitational wave detector set-ups, which effectively detects the relative length-scale variations ${\cal{O}}\left[10^{-23} \right]$. With this motivation, we have considered how a free particle and harmonic oscillator in a quantum domain will respond to linearly and circularly polarized gravitational waves if the given phase-space has a noncommutative structure. The results show resonance behaviour in the responses of both free particle and HO systems to GW with both kind of polarizations. We critically analyze all the responses, and their implications in possible detection of noncommutativity. We use the currently available upper-bound estimates on various noncommutative parameters to anticipate the relative size of various response terms. We also argue how the quantum harmonic oscillator system we considered here can be very relevant in context of the resonant bar detectors of GW which are already operational currently.

Connection between zero chromaticity and long in-plane polarization lifetime in a magnetic storage ring

In this paper, we demonstrate the connection between a magnetic storage ring with additional sextupole fields set so that the x and y chromaticities vanish and the maximizing of the lifetime of in-plane polarization (IPP) for a 0.97−GeV/c deuteron beam. The IPP magnitude was measured by continuously monitoring the down-up scattering asymmetry (sensitive to sideways polarization) in an in-beam, carbon-target polarimeter and unfolding the precession of the IPP due to the magnetic anomaly of the deuteron. The optimum operating conditions for a long IPP lifetime were made by scanning the field of the storage ring sextupole magnet families while observing the rate of IPP loss during storage of the beam. The beam was bunched and electron cooled. The IPP losses appear to arise from the change of the orbit circumference, and consequently the particle speed and spin tune, due to the transverse betatron oscillations of individual particles in the beam. The effects of these changes are canceled by an appropriate sextupole field setting.16 MoreReceived 23 October 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.024201Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBeam diagnosticsBeam polarizationLow-energy multiple-particle dynamicsAccelerators & Beams

Combustion behaviors and temperature characteristics in pulverized biomass dust explosions

Abstract Flame propagation behaviors and temperature characteristics of four types of biomass with two different particle size distributions were studied experimentally. Results show that the flame front of a 50–70 μm biomass is nearly spherical and smooth, the flame zone is characterized by yellow or dark red spotted flames, and luminous flames are present behind it. The flame morphology of 100–200 μm biomass dust is irregular and discrete. The average flame propagation velocity and the amplitude of the velocity fluctuation are functions of the mass density of the biomass particles and depend on the particle size distributions. The flame-speed oscillation of biomass particles is caused by the velocity slip between the volatile gases and particles. Flame temperatures of 50–70 μm and 100–200 μm biomass dust reach the maximum value at 1000 g/m3, and show a slight dependence on the particle size distribution. An analysis of the Knudsen number indicates that the combustion characteristics of biomass particles with particle size distributions within the range studied are characterized by a continuum regime. It is indicated that 100–200 μm poplar sawdust will be the “best” option as a biomass replacement feedstock for coal powered plants.

Deposition Dynamics of Rod-Shaped Colloids during Transport in Porous Media under Favorable Conditions.

A three-dimensional computational modeling study of the deposition dynamics of rod-shaped colloids during transport in porous media under favorable conditions (no energy barrier to deposition) is presented. The objective was to explore the influences of the particle shape on colloid transport and retention. During simulation, both translation and rotation of ellipsoidal particles were tracked and evaluated based on an analysis of all forces and torques acting on the particle. We observed that the shape was a key factor affecting colloid transport and attachment. Rod particles exhibited enhanced retention compared with spheres of equivalent volume in the size range greater than ∼200 nm. The shape effect was the most pronounced for particles around 200 nm to 1 μm under simulated conditions. The shape effect was also strongly dependent upon the fluid velocity; it was most significant at high velocity, but not so at very low velocity. The above-described shape effect on retention was directly related to particle rotation dynamics due to the coupled effects from rotational diffusion and flow hydrodynamics. Rotational diffusion changed the particle orientation randomly, which caused the rod particles to drift considerably across flow streamlines for attachment in the size range from 200 nm to 1 μm. The hydrodynamic effect induced periodic particle rotation and oscillation, which rendered large-sized rod particles to behave like "spinning bodies," prescribed by their long axes so as to easily intercept with the collector surface for retention. Our findings demonstrated that the practice of using equivalent spheres to approximate rods is inadequate in predicting the transport fate and adhesion dynamics of rod-shaped colloids in porous media.

Actuating Single Nano‐Oscillators with Light

AbstractThermoresponsive polymers can be used to rapidly actuate individual nanoparticles forming nanomechanical oscillators. Such systems are realized here with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)‐coated gold nanoparticles deposited on gold films, which have a strong optical response that can be dynamically tracked. Changes in temperature surrounding the nanoparticles result in the contraction or expansion of the PNIPAM coating, thereby displacing the gold nanoparticles up and down on the gold mirror. Particle oscillation is optically monitored via the spectral position of the coupled plasmon modes, achieving sub‐millisecond translocation speeds when actuated by light via plasmonic heating. These fast nano‐oscillators can also generate forces exceeding 1 nN with efficiencies already exceeding 1%, which makes them ideal prototypes for nanomachines.

Analytical solution of transverse oscillation in cyclotron using LP method

We have carried out an approximate analytical solution to precisely consider the influence of magnetic field on the transverse oscillation of particles in a cyclotron. The differential equations of transverse oscillation are solved from the Lindstedt-Poincare method. After careful deduction, accurate first-order analytic solutions are obtained. The analytical solutions are applied to the magnetic field from an isochronous cyclotron with four spiral sectors. The accuracy of these analytical solutions is verified and confirmed from comparison with a numerical method. Finally, we discussed the transverse oscillation at , using the same analytical solution.

Adaptive Stochastic Resonance in Second-Order System with General Scale Transformation for Weak Feature Extraction and Its Application in Bearing Fault Diagnosis

The theory of general scale transformation (GST) is put forward and used in the second-order underdamped bistable system to extract weak signal features submerged into strong noise. An adaptive stochastic resonance (SR) with GST is proposed and realized by the quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm. The harmonic signal and experimental signal are considered to compare GST with normalized scale transformation (NST) in the second-order system. The results show that detection effect of the adaptive SR with GST is better than the NST SR. In addition, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is significantly improved in the GST method. Meanwhile, the dependence of the signal extraction efficiency on the noise intensity is researched. The output SNR is decreased with the increase of the noise intensity in two methods. However, the proposed method is always superior to the NST. Moreover, the superiority of the Brown particle oscillation in the single well is discussed. The proposed method has certain reference value in the extraction of the weak signal under the strong noise background.

Long-Lived Plasma Formations in the Atmosphere as an Alternative Energy Source

A model of a stable plasma formation, based on radial quantum oscillations of charged particles, is discussed. The given plasmoid is described with the help of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. A new phenomenon of the effective attraction between oscillating charged particles is considered within the framework of the proposed model. The possible existence of a composite plasma structure is also discussed. Hypothesis about using the obtained results to describe natural long-lived plasma formations, which can serve as alternative energy sources, is put forward.

Relativistic extension of a charge-conservative finite element solver for time-dependent Maxwell-Vlasov equations

Accurate modeling of relativistic particle motion is essential for physical predictions in many problems involving vacuum electronic devices, particle accelerators, and relativistic plasmas. A local, explicit, and charge-conserving finite-element time-domain (FETD) particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm for time-dependent (non-relativistic) Maxwell-Vlasov equations on irregular (unstructured) meshes was recently developed by Moon et al. [Comput. Phys. Commun. 194, 43 (2015); IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44, 1353 (2016)]. Here, we extend this FETD-PIC algorithm to the relativistic regime by implementing and comparing three relativistic particle-pushers: (relativistic) Boris, Vay, and Higuera-Cary. We illustrate the application of the proposed relativistic FETD-PIC algorithm for the analysis of particle cyclotron motion at relativistic speeds, harmonic particle oscillation in the Lorentz-boosted frame, and relativistic Bernstein modes in magnetized charge-neutral (pair) plasmas.

Dust particle charging in a stratified glow discharge considering nonlocal electron kinetics

Dusty plasma has been studied in dc glow discharge with standing striation formed in neon. The theoretical method of dust particle charge determination is proposed. This method is based on the calculation of the ion and electron fluxes on the dust particle surface in a spatially periodic field of striation. The electron flux is calculated through the use of non-local electron energy distribution function (EEDF), which is formed by inhomogeneous strata potential. The calculation of dust particle charge using proposed theoretical method are compared with those in which the used EEDF was assumed to be Maxwell EEDF. Under the conditions of standing P-striations at low pressures of neon the numerical calculations and the measurements are performed. An experimental method of dust particle charge determination is applied in the dc discharge condition. Discharge current is modulated at low-frequency in order to determine the dust charge through the relaxation oscillation of a single dust particle. The calculation of the dust particle charge with the help of measured frequency and damping coefficient of the oscillations is made. The dust particle charges obtained by using two independent methods are in good agreement.

Dust coupling parameter of radio-frequency-discharge complex plasma under microgravity conditions.

Oscillation of particles in a dust crystal formed in a low-pressure radio-frequency gas discharge under microgravity conditions is studied. Analysis of experimental data obtained in our previous study shows that the oscillations are highly isotropic and nearly homogeneous in the bulk of a dust crystal; oscillations of the neighboring particles are significantly correlated. We demonstrate that the standard deviation of the particle radius vector along with the local particle number density fully define the coupling parameter of the particle subsystem. The latter proves to be of the order of 100, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the coupling parameter estimated for the Brownian diffusion of particles with the gas temperature. This means significant kinetic overheating of particles under stationary conditions. A theoretical interpretation of the large amplitude of oscillation implies the increase of particle charge fluctuations in the dust crystal. The theoretical estimates are based on the ionization equation of state for the complex plasma and the equation for the plasma perturbation evolution. They are shown to match the results of experimental data processing. Estimated order of magnitude of the coupling parameter accounts for the existence of the solid-liquid phase transition observed for similar systems in experiments.

Resonance properties of forced oscillations of particles and gaseous bubbles in a viscous fluid at small Reynolds numbers

We consider small oscillations of micro-particles and gaseous bubbles in a viscous fluid around equilibrium states under the action of a sinusoidal external force. Exact solutions to the governing integro-differential equations containing both Stokes and memory-integral drag forces are obtained. The main aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the memory-integral drag force on the resonance characteristics of oscillating particles or gaseous bubbles in a viscous fluid at small Reynolds numbers. The resonant curves (the amplitude versus the frequency of an external force) and phase-frequency dependences are obtained for both these objects and compared with the corresponding dependences of the traditional oscillator with the Stokes drag force only.

Oscillations of particles in the Standard Model

We construct Hilbert spaces of particle states such that all neutrinos and also charged leptons and up and down quarks are united into multiplets and their components can be treated as different quantum states of a single particle. The phenomenon of neutrino oscillations arises in a theory based on the Lagrangian of the fermionic sector of the Standard Model modified according to the proposed approach.

Oscillations of particles in the Standard Model

Гильбертовы пространства состояний частиц построены таким образом, что все нейтрино, а также заряженные лептоны, верхние и нижние кварки объединены в мультиплеты, компоненты которых можно рассматривать как различные квантовые состояния одной частицы. Показано, что в теории, основанной на лагранжиане фермионного сектора Стандарной модели, модифицированном на основе данного подхода, возникает эффект осцилляций нейтрино.

Bunch beam cooling

Electron cooling is used for damping both transverse and longitudinal oscillations of heavy particle. The cooling of bunch ion beam (with RF voltage on) is important part of experiments with inner target, ion collision system, stacking and RF manipulation. The short length of an ion bunch increases the peak luminosity, gives a start-time point for using of the time-of-flight methods and obtains a short extraction beam pulse. This article describes the review of last experiments with electron cooling carried out on the CSRm, CSRe (China) and COSY (Germany) storage rings. The accumulated experience may be used for the project of electron cooler on 2.5 MeV (NICA) and 0.5 MeV HIAF for obtaining high luminosity, depressing beam-beam effects and RF manipulation.

Electromagnetic cascade masquerade: a way to mimicγ-axion-like particle mixing effects in blazar spectra

Context. Most of the studies on extragalactic {\gamma}-ray propagation performed up to now only accounted for primary gamma-ray absorption and adiabatic losses ("absorption-only model"). However, there is growing evidence that this model is oversimplified and must be modified in some way. In particular, it was found that the intensity extrapolated from the optically-thin energy range of some blazar spectra is insufficient to explain the optically-thick part of these spectra. This effect was interpreted as an indication for {\gamma}-axion-like particle (ALP) oscillation. On the other hand, there are many hints that a secondary component from electromagnetic cascades initiated by primary {\gamma}-rays or nuclei may be observed in the spectra of some blazars. Aims. We study the impact of electromagnetic cascades from primary {\gamma}-rays or protons on the physical interpretation of blazar spectra obtained with imaging Cherenkov telescopes. Methods. We use the publicly-available code ELMAG to compute observable spectra of electromagnetic cascades from primary {\gamma}-rays. For the case of primary proton, we develop a simple, fast and reasonably accurate hybrid method to calculate the observable spectrum. We perform the fitting of the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with various physical models: the absorption-only model, the "electromagnetic cascade model" (for the case of primary {\gamma}-rays), and several versions of the hadronic cascade model (for the case of primary proton). We distinguish the following species of hadronic cascade models: 1) "basic hadronic model", where it is assumed that the proton beam travels undisturbed by extragalactic magnetic field and that all observable {\gamma}-rays are produced by primary protons through photohadronic processes with subsequent development of electromagnetic cascades /abridged

Motion characteristics of a charged metal particle in insulating oil under flow state

Problems due to discharge by charged metal particles in insulating oil under flow state are examined in this study. The motion characteristics of a charged metal particle in a horizontal transformer oil tract are investigated, and a mechanical model of a charged metal particle under flowing oil and an AC field is proposed. The particle's equations of motion are numerically solved using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta computational algorithm. The trajectory of a spherical iron particle in typical motion state under flowing oil and AC field is simulated. The influence on the motion characteristics of a charged metal particle in terms of the oil flow rate, electric field strength of the oil tract, particle scale, initial state, and particle rotation is analyzed. Results reveal that when a charged metal particle is moving fast along the direction of oil tract flow, reciprocating oscillation simultaneously occurs in the vertical direction. Its trajectory is significantly affected by the oil flow rate, the electric field strength of the oil tract, particle scale, initial state, and particle rotation. Moreover, the degree of oscillation of the charged metal particle may be the main cause of degradation of the insulating oil under flow state. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Theory of Stochastic Schrödinger Equation in Complex Vector Space

A generalized Schrodinger equation containing correction terms to classical kinetic energy, has been derived in the complex vector space by considering an extended particle structure in stochastic electrodynamics with spin. The correction terms are obtained by considering the internal complex structure of the particle which is a consequence of stochastic average of particle oscillations in the zeropoint field. Hence, the generalised Schrodinger equation may be called stochastic Schrodinger equation. It is found that the second order correction terms are similar to corresponding relativistic corrections. When higher order correction terms are neglected, the stochastic Schrodinger equation reduces to normal Schrodinger equation. It is found that the Schrodinger equation contains an internal structure in disguise and that can be revealed in the form of internal kinetic energy. The internal kinetic energy is found to be equal to the quantum potential obtained in the Madelung fluid theory or Bohm statistical theory. In the rest frame of the particle, the stochastic Schrodinger equation reduces to a Dirac type equation and its Lorentz boost gives the Dirac equation. Finally, the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation is derived by squaring the stochastic Schrodinger equation. The theory elucidates a logical understanding of classical approach to quantum mechanical foundations.