Obesity has become a global epidemic. Consequently, thereareincreasingratesofobesity-relateddiseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, andassociatedmorbidityandmortality.Althoughthereis growing debate on the etiopathogenesis of the global pandemic of obesity, there is no question that increasing calories, concomitant decreases in physical activity, and increasingsedentarylifestylearemajorcontributors.Typically, obesity is associated with insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, which has been implicated in the increased cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.Metabolically,obesityisassociatedwithreduced high-densitylipoproteincholesterolandhightriglycerides and increases in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and small, dense, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. In addition, obesity is regarded as a proinflammatory state with increases in the oxidative stress burden, free oxygen radicals, and F2-isoprostanes. However,theassociationsofobesityandmetabolicderangements are very complex. Although there are direct causal relationships of some of these metabolic derangements with obesity, in some situations, the metabolic change can be a consequence of the obesity per se. Recently, several epidemiological studies have reported increasing prevalence of low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) levels in several communities around the globe. In contrast to old literature, where specific demographic populations such as elderly patients living in higherlatitudesandaltitudes,geographicalareaswithlow sun exposure, religious practices, etc. posed greater risk, there are alarming rates of low serum 25-OH vitamin D levels among seemingly healthy populations, especially in the elderly in the Western industrialized world. This has