Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry Research Articles

Organic acid analysis by ion chromatography—particle beam mass spectrometry

Ion chromatography—mass spectrometry (IC-MS) has been investigated, using the particle beam interface, as an analytical technique for the analysis of weak organic acids. Ion-exclusion chromatography is a technique for separating weak acids. Using dilute HCl as the mobile phase, weak acids are separated on a cation-exchange resin. IC-MS was used to detect and identify weak acids in commercial grape juices and red wine. Analyses were performed using both electron (EI) and chemical ionization (CI). Isobutane CI readily produced protonated molecular ions, and combined with structural information obtained from EI analyses, identification of weak acids was possible. A main advantage of this technique is that co-eluting acids can be identified, whereas with conductivity and UV detection this is difficult. To simplify these analyses, solid-phase extraction was used to remove sugars from the juice and wine samples.

Liquid chromatography — Particle beam mass spectrometry for identification of unknown pollutants in water

Trace enrichment on a precolumn packed with copolymer material, coupled on-line with reversed-phase, column liquid chromatography-particle beammass spectrometry (RPLC-PB-MS) has been used for both target and non-target analysis of water samples. RPLC is carried out on a C-18-bonded silica column using a linear acetonitrile-0.1 M ammonium acetate gradient. Using optimised PB-MS conditions and 100–250 ml water samples, the detection limits for several phenylureas are in the 0.03–0.05 μg l−1 range using the full-scan mode; repeatability is good and the LC-PB-MS system is robust. Several surface and drinking water samples have been analysed and low levels of various environmental contaminants have been identified using electron impact mass spectra. Applying chemical ionisation with methane as reagent gas in both the positive and negative mode in conjunction with PB-MS provides relevant confirmatory information.

Determination of nicotine and two major metabolites in serum by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography—particle beam mass spectrometry

A rapid and selective assay of nicotine, cotinine and rans-3'-hydroxycotinine in human serum, based on high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection has been developed. The compounds were subjected to solid-phase extraction, using Extrelut 1 cartridges. Recoveries were ca. 95% for nicotine, 90% for cotinine and 50–55% for trans-3'-hydroxycotinine. The limit of quantitation observed with this method was 10 ng/ml for nicotine and 5 ng/ml for each of the metabolites. The compounds were also identified using high-performance liquid chromatography with particle beam mass spectrometry, to confirm their presence in human serum.

Mass transport and calibration in liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry

Differences in the designs of two liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry systems result in differences in the transport of ammonium acetate and differences in ion abundance-enhancing carrier effects. The effect of mobile phase composition, especially the proportion of water in the mobile phase, on transport efficiency is described. Instrument detection limits for 12 compounds with two different interface designs are presented. The calibrations are generally nonlinear explained in terms of mass transport effects and supported by experiments with isotopically labeled species that coelute with the native species. Summary results of a small multilaboratory study are presented. Calibration with isotopically labelled internal standards is recommended for real-world environmental samples

Interfacing ion chromatography with particle beam mass spectrometry for the determination of organic anionic compounds

In this paper we demonstrate the successful interfacing of ion chromatography with particle beam mass spectrometry through the use of a membrane suppressor for continuous desalting. The microbore version of the membrane suppressor does not introduce significant peak broadening. The detection limit for six aromatic sulfonic acids in the full scan mode is better than 0.4 μg injected on-column

Determination of aromatic sulfonic acids in aqueous environmental samples by anion-exchange chromatography coupled to particle beam mass spectrometry and UV spectrophotometry

Aromatic sulfonic acids are determined in water using anion-exchange liquid chromatography. Quantification is by UV absorption spectrophotometry (quantification limits 2–80 ng on-column) and confirmation by particle beam electron impact ionization mass spectrometry. Separations with several anion-exchange columns using acetonitrile and ammonium acetate or sodium hydroxide (requiring a membrane suppressor for desalting) mobile phases are represented. Average recoveries are 82% for six monosulfonic acids (spiked at 0.1, 1.0 and 100 ppm) and 95% for two disulfonic acids (spiked at 1.0 and 100 ppm) (S.D. 12%, UV quantification). Mass spectra (2.0 μg on-column) show molecular and major diagnostic fragment ions corresponding to losses of SO 2 HSO 2, SO 3 and HSO 3.

Liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry — a new window for environmental analysis

A series of liquid chromatography methods using particle beam mass spectrometry has been developed to determine a broader range of organic pollutants. Results are presented on the determination of aromatic sulfonic acids in aqueous leachates; chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides in soil and water; and of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from various matrices.

Determination of chlorinated phenoxy acid and ester herbicides in soil and water by liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of chlorinated phenoxy acid and ester herbicides in soil and water by liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometryIn Suk. Kim, Fassil I. Sasinos, Robert D. Stephens, Jeanny. Wang, and Mark A. BrownCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 8, 819–823Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00008a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (625 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Carrier effect in the analysis of phenylurea herbicides using high-performance liquid chromatoeraphy—particle beam-mass spectrometry

The structural similarity between phenylurea and the herbicides diuron, linuron, and monuron is exploited to enhance the analysis for the chlorophenylureas using high-performance liquid chromatography—particle beam-mass spectrometry. Phenylurea functions as the analyte “carrier” through the particle beam interface, improving the detection limits and the linearity of the calibration curves for the cited compounds of the herbicide class. Combined with solid phase extraction the method provides a rapid and reliable analysis for the chlorophenylureas in water matrices.

Determination of chlorophenoxy acids using high-performance liquid chromatography—particle beam mass spectrometry

An isocratic mobile phase of methanol containing phenoxyacetic acid—dilute acetic acid (70:30) achieved a good high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (Silvex). The HPLC eluate was introduced into a mass spectrometer operated under methane-enhanced electron-capture negative ionization conditions through the particle beam interface. With the mass spectrometer operated in selected-ion monitoring mode, detection limits in the low μg/l range were attained for all three acids. This is one of the first reports of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry through the particle beam interface for the detection of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides.

Anion-exchange chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry for the characterization of aromatic sulfonic acids as the major organic pollutants in leachates from Stringfellow, California

Anion-exchange liquid chromatography with detection via both particle beam mass spectrometry (electron impact and negative chemical ionization) and UV absorption spectrophotometry is used to characterize target and nontarget compounds in lyophilizates from three Stringfellow hazardous waste leachates - upstream, downstream, and a charcoal-treated mixture. Lyophilization retains essentially all the organic carbon, which is 513, 46.8, and 453 ppm, respectively. Charcoal treatment removes priority pollutants but not most the total organic carbon (TOC), which is primarily highly polar, nonextractable, and nonpurgeable material. Besides 4-chlorobenzenesufonic acid (from 53 to 69% of the TOC), seven additional major aromatic sulfonic acids are tentatively identified. All are sulfonated and chlorinated aromatic byproducts probably from DDT manufacture. Relative ratios of the aromatic sulfonic acids are not significantly altered by the charcoal treatment. The potential impact upon human health of these highly polar halogenated organic compounds is unknown.

Analysis for daminozide in apple juice by anion-exchange chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry

Daminozide [Alar, succinic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide)] is measured directly as the parent compound in 11 commercially obtained apple juice samples at levels ranging from 0 to 280 ppb. Sample preparation involves only evaporation and treatment with methanol and acetone to precipitate sugars and inorganic salts. Analysis is via anion-exchange chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry, with positive chemical ionization using isobutane as a reagent gas. A method detection limit of 25 ppb is achieved in part by a signal enhancement resulting from the constant addition of malic acid to the mobile phase

Investigation of enhanced ion abundances from a carrier process in high-performance liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry

Enhancements in ion abundances in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) particle beam (PB) mass spectrometry were observed during coelution or when certain substances (e.g., ammonium acetate) were added to the mobile phase during a reverse-phase gradient elution HPLC separation. These enhancements were observed with two commercial PB interfaces and a variety of compounds generally not amenable to separation by gas chromatography. The enhancements are attributed to both improved chromatographic efficiency and a PB carrier process.

Analysis of target and nontarget pollutants in aqueous leachates from the hazardous waste site Stringfellow, California, via ion chromatography - particle beam and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry (PB/MS is a powerful tool for the analysis of target pollutants but complementary methods are required for nontarget compounds. Preliminary data are presented on an anion exchange chromatography PB/MS based method for the detection of the target compound 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid (a contamlnant found in hazardous waste leachates) and also for nontarget pollutants in aqueous leachate samples from the Stringfellow hazardous waste site in California. Anion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields qualitative and quantltative elemental analysis showing the presence or absence of key heteroatoms in organic pollutants including chlorine, other halogens, phosphorus and sulfur.

Characterization of Bacteria by Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry

A technique is described for detecting and characterizing bacteria on a single-particle basis by mass spectrometry. The method involves generation of a particle beam of single whole cells which are rapidly volatilized and ionized in vacuum in the ion source of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The particle beam can be generated, with minimal sample handling, from a naturally occurring aerosol or from a solution of bacteria that can be dispersed as an aerosol. The mass spectrum is generated by successively measuring the average intensities of different mass peaks. The average intensity is obtained by measuring the ion intensity distribution at the particular mass (m/e) for ion pulses from more than 1,000 bacteria particles. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida samples were analyzed to test the capability of the instrument for differentiating among species of bacteria. Significant ion-intensity information was produced over the m/e range of 50 to 300, an improvement over previous pyrolysis-mass spectrometry results. The complex mass spectra contained a few unique peaks which could be used for the differentiation of the bacteria. A statistical analysis of the variations in peak intensities among the three bacteria provided a quantitative measure of the reproducibility of the instrument and its ability to differentiate among bacteria. The technique could lead to a new rapid method for the analysis of microorganisms and could be used for the detection of airborne pathogens on a continuous, real-time basis.