Attachment Of Particles Research Articles

New insights into the reaction of tricalcium silicate (C3S) with solutions to the end of the induction period

Although dissolution theory is widely used, in certain circumstance, it seems to be unable to explain the hydration of C3S. In this article, more attention is paid to the nucleation of hydration products. We find that the precipitation of C-S-H is a nonclassical nucleation process. It starts with nucleation of primary particles and then grows by particle attachment. A sharp increase in the reaction rate after induction period may come from the accelerating growth rate of C-S-H instead of dissolution of etch pits. The duration of induction period relates to the size of primary floc. Potassium salts influence the primary globule floc size and mitigate the effect from Al. The pH impacts ion species in solution to affect the dissolution and precipitation. A hypothesis regarding the dissolution of C3S and nucleation of C-S-H within the near-surface region may narrow the gap between dissolution theory and protective layer theory.

Multi-step atomic mechanism of platinum nanocrystals nucleation and growth revealed by in-situ liquid cell STEM

The understanding of crystal growth mechanisms has broadened substantially. One significant advancement is based in the conception that the interaction between particles plays an important role in the growth of nanomaterials. This is in contrast to the classical model, which neglects this process. Direct imaging of such processes at atomic-level in liquid-phase is essential for establishing new theoretical models that encompass the full complexity of realistic scenarios and eventually allow for tailoring nanoparticle growth. Here, we investigate at atomic-scale the exact growth mechanisms of platinum nanocrystals from single atom to final crystals by in-situ liquid phase scanning transmission electron microscopy. We show that, after nucleation, the nanocrystals grow via two main stages: atomic attachment in the first stage, where the particles initially grow by attachment of the atoms until depletion of the surrounding zone. Thereafter, follows the second stage of growth, which is based on particle attachment by different atomic pathways to finally form mature nanoparticles. The atomic mechanisms underlying these growth pathways are distinctly different and have different driving forces and kinetics as evidenced by our experimental observations.

The role of size-controlled CeO2 nanoparticles in enhancing the stability and photocatalytic performance of ZnO in natural sunlight exposure

In order to enhance the photocatalytic performance and stability, the various proportions of the size controlled cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were dispersed at the pre-synthesized ZnO. Although, the expected dual absorption onsets, probably due to the diminutive difference between the bandgaps of CeO2 (∼2.9 eV) and ZnO (∼3.1 eV), were not observed however, a blue shift in the bandgap energy of ZnO was witnessed with the increasing surface density of CeO2 particles. The delayed excitons recombination process with the increasing concentration of CeO2 nanoparticles was verified by the PL spectra. The structural investigation by Raman and XRD analysis revealed the surface attachment of CeO2 particles without altering the rock-salt lattice of ZnO. The morphological and fine microstructural analysis established the uniform distribution of evenly sized CeO2 particles at the surface of ZnO with the discrete fringe patterns of both the entities whereas the XPS analysis confirmed the majority of Ce4+ in dispersed CeO2. In comparison to pure ZnO, cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis, under illumination, exposed the supportive role of surface residing CeO2 particles in eradicating the photo-corrosion of ZnO whereas the chronopotentiometry (CP) predicted the prolonged life-span of the excitons. Compared to pure ZnO, an appreciably high activity was revealed for 10% CeO2 loading as compared to pure ZnO for the removal of mono and di-nitrophenol derivatives and their mixtures under natural sunlight exposure. The variations in the removal rates in the mixture as compared to individual nitrophenol exposed the structure-based priority of ROS for the respective phenol. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts revealed the incremental role of surface-mounted CeO2 entities in boosting the generation of ROS under sunlight irradiation. The experimental observations were correlated and compiled to establish the mechanism of the removal process.

Recent Advances in Nonclassical Crystallization: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges

Ubiquitous crystals play an important role in our daily lives. Recent studies on the properties and formation of crystals have proven the attachment of particles ranging from ion pairs to well-crys...

Comparison of the Morphological and Structural Characteristic of Bioresorbable and Biocompatible Hydroxyapatite-Loaded Biopolymer Composites.

Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based ceramic–biopolymer composites can be regarded as innovative bioresorbable coatings for load-bearing implants that can promote the osseointegration process. The carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHAp) phase is the most suitable CaP form, since it has the highest similarity to the mineral phase in human bones. In this paper, we investigated the effect of wet chemical preparation parameters on the formation of different CaP phases and compared their morphological and structural characteristics. The results revealed that the shape and crystallinity of CaP particles were strongly dependent on the post-treatment methods, such as heat or alkaline treatment of as-precipitated powders. In the next step, the optimised cHAp particles have been embedded into two types of biopolymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and cellulose acetate (CA). The pure polymer fibres and the cHAp–biopolymer composites were produced using a novel electrospinning technique. The SEM images showed the differences between the morphology and network of CA and PVP fibres as well as proved the successful attachment of cHAp particles. In both cases, the fibres were partially covered with cHAp clusters. The SEM measurements on samples after one week of immersion in PBS solution evidenced the biodegradability of the cHAp–biopolymer composites.

How does Heparan Sulfate and COVID-19 Work?: An Overview

Globally, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) had infected over 3 million individuals and claimed many lives producing a global epidemic that necessitates the rapid development of therapeutic solutions. The ideal technique for quickly deploying well-characterized medicines against novel infections is known as drug repurposing. Several repurposable medicines are currently being tested to see if they may be used to treat COVID-19. Heparin, which is commonly utilized to reduce thrombotic events associated with COVID-19-induced disease, is one such promising drug. Heparansulphate is prevalently expressed in mammalian tissues. CoV-2 requires the helping cofactor heparansulphate (HS) on the cell surface: knocking down genes related in HS formation or treating cells with an HS mimic both prevent spike-mediated viral entrance. Heparin/HS binds directly to spike and promotes viral entrance by facilitating the attachment of spike-bearing viral particles to the cell surface. As documented with cell surface-bound heparansulphate, heparin binding to the open conformation of the spike structurally supports the state and may enhance ACE2 binding. Thus, heparansulphate could potentially be utilised to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, based on available datas also consumption of heparansulphate during SARS-CoV-2 cellular entrance may play a role in the thrombotic events associated with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, this study provides the findings on the mechanism(s) by which heparansulphate could slow the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
 Keywords: COVID-19, HeparanSulphate, Spike Protiens

A novel analytical simulation method of utilization of surfactant-active nanoparticles for well injection enhancement in low-permeability reservoirs

In order to study the mechanism of surfactant-active nanoparticles in drag reduction and injection enhancement in low-permeability reservoirs and to simulate the rough condition of the pore surface of the reservoirs, we construct a microtube model with periodic rectangular groove structure and a force balance model of nanoparticles on rough surface to get the limit adhesion concentration fraction model of surfactant-active nanoparticles on pore surface. The method of characteristics (MOC) is used to analyze and simulate the seepage process of the suspension-adhesion-plugging coupling of surfactant-active nanoparticles in pores of low permeability reservoirs. By comprehensively considering reservoir damage caused by the mechanisms such as particle attachment and blockage and the slip effect established by nanoparticle attachment, a theoretical model for resistance reduction and injection enhancement of surfactant-active nanoparticles has been formed. The results show that comparing with the core without nanoparticles flooding, the pressure drop of the core decreases significantly after the injection of nanoparticles, and the pressure drop reaches 40%. At the same time, by comparing the water injection index before and after injection, the core injection capacity is significantly improved after the surfactant-active nanofluid injection. This model provides a certain theoretical basis for the technology of pressure reduction and injection enhancement of surfactant-active nanoparticles in low permeability reservoirs.

Investigating Cell-Particle Conjugate Orientations in a Microfluidic Channel to Ameliorate Impedance-based Signal Acquisition and Detection.

Many biomedical experimental assays rely on cell-to-microparticle conjugation and their subsequent detection to quantify disease-related biomarkers. In this report, we investigated the effect of particle attachment position on a cell's surface to a signal acquired using impedance cytometry. We also present a novel configuration of independent coplanar microelectrodes positioned at the bottom and top of the microfluidic channel. In simulation results, our configuration accurately identifies different particle positions around the cell. We implemented a channel design with focusing regions between electrodes, and considered external factors around the channel such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) interacting with the electric field and physical constraints of top electrodes placed farther away from the channel which improves detection accuracy.

An Aerosol Sensor for Multi-Sized Particles Detection Based on Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator and Cascade Impactor

This research proposed the design, fabrication, and experiments of a surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR)-based multi-sized particles monitor. A wide range selection and monitoring of large coarse particles (LCP), inhalable particles (PM10), and fine inhalable particles (PM2.5) were achieved by combining high-performance 311 MHz SAWRs and a specially designed cascade impactor. This paper calculated the normalized sensitivity distribution of the chip to the mass loading effect, extracted the optimal response area for particle attachment, analyzed the influence of the distance between nozzle and chip surface on the particle distribution, and evaluated the collection efficiency of the specially designed 2 LPM (L/min) impactor through computational fluid dynamics simulation software. An experimental platform was built to conduct the response experiment of the sensor to particle-containing gas generated by the combustion of leaf fragments and repeatability test. We verified the results of the particle diameter captured at each stage. This research suggests that the sensor’s response had good linearity and repeatability, while the particles collected on the surface of the SAWR in each impactor stage met the desired diameter, observed through a microscope.

The Influence of Specific Ions and Oxyhydroxo Species in Plant Water on the Bubble-Particle Attachment of Pyrrhotite.

Previous studies have considered the effect of using recycled process water in froth flotation and whether certain ions are responsible for what is observed in the final concentrate in terms of mineral grades and recoveries. The attachment of mineral particles to air bubbles is a fundamental subprocess of flotation, without which separation of valuable minerals from nonvaluables cannot occur; it is, therefore, of interest to assess the effect of specific ionic species on bubble–particle attachment. The effects of oxyhydroxo species on bubble−particle interactions were studied with three synthetic plant water (SPWs) of increasing ionic strengths at pH 11 as it is known to through solution speciation that at this pH, oxyhydroxo species may be present in significant concentrations. The presence of these oxyhydroxo species such as magnesium and calcium hydroxides in alkaline pulps were confirmed by many researchers and proven to affect bubble and particle surface charges. Furthermore, to ascertain whether there were certain ions within the plant water that impacted the bubble–particle attachment more significantly than others, tests were carried out with carefully selected single salt solutions. The SPWs at pH 11 resulted in very poor pyrrhotite attachment probabilities and recoveries as compared to the attachment probabilities and recoveries that were obtained with these waters at pH 6.5. Increasing the ionic strength of SPWs resulted in a decrease in pyrrhotite attachment probabilities more evidently at pH 11. Thus, it can be concluded that the presence of CaOH+, (MgOH)2, and MgOH+ species hinders the flotation of pyrrhotite particles. Studies on selected single salts showed that Na+ resulted in better pyrrhotite attachment probability and recovery compared to Ca2+. Furthermore, upon studying the anion effect, SO42– performed better than NO3– when paired with Ca2+, thus indicating a negative effect on flotation response when Ca2+ and NO3– ions are used together. These results can be attributed to the action of species such as Ca2+, CaNO3+, and CaSO4(aq.) on the zeta potential and their consequential effect on the electrical double layer. The outcomes of this work should be of significant importance for an effective management of ions in recycled process water in the froth flotation process.

One-pot synthesis of β-cyclodextrin magnetic carbon nanotube (β-CD@MMWCNT) for effective removal of phenol from oily wastewater

In this work, a novel composite material based on β-cyclodextrin magnetic carbon nanotube (β-CD@MMWCNT) was developed by a one-pot method (in situ co-precipitation) and applied as an adsorbent to remove phenol from oily wastewater. The basic structure, surface morphology, as well as physical and chemical properties of the composite material were analyzed. β-CD@MMWCNT was successfully prepared, confirmed by the attachment of Fe3O4 and β-cyclodextrin particles on the surface. The adsorption behavior of phenol on β-CD@MMWCNT conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process, and the adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir model was 67.67 mg/g at 20 °C. Moreover, the adsorbent still maintained 85% of the adsorption capacity after 7 cycles. Specially, the adsorbent was used to adsorb phenol from simulated oily wastewater, and the removal rate of phenol reached 92.6%. And the possible adsorption mechanisms were also proposed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In summary, β-CD@MMWCNT can be used as a potential adsorbent to remove phenol from oily wastewater.

Numerical simulation of reactive particle transport in a randomly-orientated rough fracture with reversible and irreversible surface attachments

A novel and robust methodology has been developed to simulate reactive, dense, and polydisperse particle transport behavior in a randomly-orientated rough fracture by applying particle tracking algorithms and the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. More specifically, particle attachment onto an aperture surface is described by both reversible and irreversible adsorptions, which are respectively controlled by the energy barrier and the dominant forces at the secondary minimum on the DLVO interaction profiles. After the simulation model is validated, a number of simulation scenarios are conducted to examine the effect of dominant factors on the particle transport behavior subject to aperture surface attachment. It is found from the simulated results that a large spreading of particle plume is induced with the presence of particle gravity settling and surface attachment. Particle attachment is positively affected by particle size, fracture heterogeneity (i.e., σln(2b)2) and particle density (i.e., ρp) but negatively affected by hydraulic gradient (i.e., ∂h/∂x), fracture inclination (i.e., θ), and the ratio (i.e., λx/λy) of the x-directional to the y-directional correlation length scales of an aperture field. The sensitivity of particle attachment follows a strong-to-weak order for the non-DLVO parameters as ∂h/∂x > θ ≈ ρp > σln(2b)2 > λx/λy. Inconsistencies are also found between mass and number attachments for the associated quantities as well as sensitivities to the dominant factors. Among the non-DLVO factors, reversible attachment is more sensitively affected by ∂h/∂x, σln(2b)2, and λx/λy as they are capable of influencing the velocity field. An increased Hamaker constant (i.e., A123), particle surface potential (i.e., Ψp), and ionic strength (i.e., Is) respectively enhances, reduces, and enhances the overall particle attachment, while the irreversible attachment can be mildly mitigated by the increased A123 and Is when a deep secondary minimum appears on the DLVO profile. This study technically improves the previous work by jointly incorporating fracture orientation, particle gravity settling, and the reversible/irreversible surface attachment into the original particle transport models through a scientific manner. Also, this work further reduces the deviation between the existing theoretical modeling and the real particle transport/filtration behavior in fractured media, while the associated findings in this study provide better understanding and significance on this research topic.

The Natural Oligoribonucleotides Functionalized by D-Mannitol Affected Interactions of Hemagglutinin with Glycan Receptor Indicating Anti-Influenza Activity.

Hemagglutinin (HA), the class I influenza A virus protein is responsible for the attachment of virus particles to the cell by binding to glycan receptors, subsequent virion internalization, and cell entry. Consequently, the importance of HA makes it a primary target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. The natural oligoribonucleotides (ORNs) as well as their derivatives functionalized with D-mannitol (ORNs-D-M) possess anti-influenza properties in vitro and in vivo due to interaction with HA receptor sites. This activity suppresses the viral infection in host cells. In the present work, the complexes of ORNs and ORNs-D-M with HA protein were studied by agglutination assay, fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as molecular docking simulations. Acquired experimental data exhibited a decrease in HA titer by 32 times after incubation with the ORNs-D-M for 0.5–24 h. Quenching fluorescence intensity of the HA suggests that titration by ORNs and ORNs-D-M probably leads to changes in the HA structure. Detailed structural data were obtained with the molecular docking simulations performed for ORNs and ORNs-D-M ligands containing three and six oligoribonucleotides. The results reveal that a majority of the ORNs and ORNs-D-M bind in a non-specific way to the receptor-binding domain of the HA protein. The ligand’s affinity to the hemagglutinin was estimated at the micromolar level. Presented experimental data confirmed that both natural ORNs and functionalized ORNs-D-M inhibit the interactions between HA and glycan receptors and demonstrate anti-influenza activity.

Evidence for a Liquid Precursor to Biomineral Formation

The crystals in animal biominerals, such as sea urchin spines, mollusk shells, and coral skeletons, form by attachment of amorphous particles that subsequently crystallize. Do these solid amorphous precursor particles have liquid precursors? Polymer-induced liquid precursors (PILP) or prenucleation clusters coalescing into a liquid precursor to calcium carbonate crystallization have been observed extensively in synthetic systems. Molecular dynamics simulations also predict liquid–liquid phase separation. However, evidence for liquid precursors in natural biominerals remains elusive. Here, we present Scanning or PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (SEM or PEEM) evidence consistent with a dense liquid-like precursor in regenerating sea urchin spines. The observed precursor originates in tissue and ultimately transforms into a single crystal of calcite (CaCO3) with complex stereom morphology.

The Role of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites in Viral Infections.

Host cell metabolism is essential for the viral replication cycle and, therefore, for productive infection. Energy (ATP) is required for the receptor-mediated attachment of viral particles to susceptible cells and for their entry into the cytoplasm. Host cells must synthesize an array of biomolecules and engage in intracellular trafficking processes to enable viruses to complete their replication cycle. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle has a key role in ATP production as well as in the synthesis of the biomolecules needed for viral replication. The final assembly and budding process of enveloped viruses, for instance, require lipids, and the TCA cycle provides the precursor (citrate) for fatty acid synthesis (FAS). Viral infections may induce host inflammation and TCA cycle metabolic intermediates participate in this process, notably citrate and succinate. On the other hand, viral infections may promote the synthesis of itaconate from TCA cis-aconitate. Itaconate harbors anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial properties. Fumarate is another TCA cycle intermediate with immunoregulatory properties, and its derivatives such as dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are therapeutic candidates for the contention of virus-induced hyper-inflammation and oxidative stress. The TCA cycle is at the core of viral infection and replication as well as viral pathogenesis and anti-viral immunity. This review highlights the role of the TCA cycle in viral infections and explores recent advances in the fast-moving field of virometabolism.

Understanding the role of kerosene on the coal particle and bubble attachment process

Kerosene is akin to attach to both the particle and bubble surface, however, its role in the particle and bubble attachment process is still the subject of much debate. In this paper, we explore the role of kerosene from both macroscopic and microscopic scales using the contact angle, wrap angle and thin liquid films (TLFs) measurements on four experimental configurations, i.e., the clean coal-bubble configuration (C-B), coal and bubble with only coal treated with kerosene (Ck-B), coal and bubble with only bubble treated with kerosene (C-Bk) and both coal and bubble were treated with kerosene (Ck-Bk). On a macroscopic scale, it was demonstrated that the hydrophobicity of coal and the bubble collecting capacity could be enhanced by the addition of kerosene, and the presence of kerosene on both the bubble and coal surface produced the most pronounced outcomes. The largest contact angle and wrap angle value attained were 52.50° and 178.03° for the Ck-Bk configuration, this was in sharp contrast with the C-B configuration with the numbers being 25.25° and 86.17° respectively. On a microscopic scale, a much earlier rupture of the TLFs was observed with the Ck-Bk in comparison with the C-B, Ck-B and C-Bk configurations, with the critical rupture thickness being 192.8 nm at 1.192 s, indicating the fact that kerosene facilitated the kinetics of film thinning, however, the resultant film rupture was due to kerosene acting as surface protrusions rather than the attractive disjoining pressure. We experimentally demonstrated that kerosene manifested as thin oil films rather than microdroplets on both the coal particle and bubble surface. Based on the above experimental results, a preferential binding behavior amongst the coal particles, bubbles and oil droplets was proposed and applied to explain coal flotation in plant practice.

Facile synthesis of a copper oxide/molybdenum disulfide heterostructure for asymmetric supercapacitors of high specific energy

A unique p-n heterostructural CuO/MoS2 composite is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The active edge-sites of two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets provide ample surface area for firm attachment of urchin-shaped CuO particles without agglomeration during formation of the p-n heterostructure. The composition and morphology of the heterostructure are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synergism between CuO and MoS2 enhances electrochemical performance by increasing the number of sites available for redox reactions. Electrochemical measurements establish a specific capacitance of 268 F/g and a cyclic stability of 90.02 % in an alkaline electrolyte solution. An asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with a CuO/MoS2 positive electrode and a biomass-derived activated carbon (BAC) negative electrode (CuO/MoS2//BAC) achieved a specific energy of 26.66 W h/kg at a specific power of 1599.6 W/kg.

Effect of cationic collector on the attachment of glass beads to a stationary bubble

Glass beads in contact with a stationary air bubble immersed in dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) collector solution were investigated to examine the effects of a cationic collector on bubble–particle attachment. A high-speed video camera was used to record images of bubble–particle interactions. When the bubble diameter was 1.05–1.9 mm, the induction time initially decreased then increased as the bubble size increased in a 10 −5 mol/L DAH solution. Experiments demonstrated that the induction time increased as the collision angle increased. However, in solutions with higher DAH concentrations, the distribution of induction time was scattered, and the jump-in events were observed above the horizontal equator of the bubble; particle aggregation was also observed. When the DAH concentration increased from 10 −5 to 10 −3 mol/L, the induction time initially increased and then decreased. Analysis of the attachment for large numbers of particles verified that the correlation between induction time and attachment efficiency was stronger than the correlation between contact angle and attachment efficiency. At the solution concentration for which the induction time was maximum, the particle attachment efficiency was the lowest. The effects of the collector on bubble–particle attachment were examined in multi–perspectives. This study introduces new insights into the bubble–particle attachment and offers an increased, more comprehensive understanding of the attachment mechanisms. • Induction time initially decreases and then increases as bubble size increases. • Induction time increases as a positive quadratic function of the collision angle. • The distribution of the induction time is random at high solution concentrations. • Induction time increases firstly and decreases afterward with the concentration.

Assembly of Colloidal Clusters Driven by the Polyhedral Shape of Metal-Organic Framework Particles.

Control of the assembly of colloidal particles into discrete or higher-dimensional architectures is important for the design of myriad materials, including plasmonic sensing systems and photonic crystals. Here, we report a new approach that uses the polyhedral shape of metal–organic-framework (MOF) particles to direct the assembly of colloidal clusters. This approach is based on controlling the attachment of a single spherical polystyrene particle on each face of a polyhedral particle via colloidal fusion synthesis, so that the polyhedral shape defines the final coordination number, which is equal to the number of faces, and geometry of the assembled colloidal cluster. As a proof of concept, we assembled six-coordinated (6-c) octahedral and 8-c cubic clusters using cubic ZIF-8 and octahedral UiO-66 core particles. Moreover, we extended this approach to synthesize a highly coordinated 12-c cuboctahedral cluster from a rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 particle. We anticipate that the synthesized colloidal clusters could be further evolved into spherical core–shell MOF@polystyrene particles under conditions that promote a higher fusion degree, thus expanding the methods available for the synthesis of MOF–polymer composites.

Attachment of cartilage wear particles to the synovium negatively impacts friction properties

Cartilage wear particles are released into the synovial fluid by mechanical and chemical degradation of the articular surfaces during osteoarthritis and attach to the synovial membrane. Accumulation of wear particles could alter key tissue-level mechanical properties of the synovium, hindering its characteristically low-friction interactions with underlying articular surfaces in the synovial joint. The present study employs a custom loading device to further the characterization of native synovium friction properties, while investigating the hypothesis that attachment of cartilage wear particles increases friction coefficient. Juvenile bovine synovium demonstrated characteristically low friction coefficients in sliding contact with glass, in agreement with historical measurements. Friction coefficient increased with higher normal load in saline, while lubrication with native synovial fluid maintained low friction coefficients at higher loads. Cartilage wear particles generated from juvenile bovine cartilage attached directly to synovium explants in static culture, with incorporation onto the tissue denoted by cell migration onto the particle surface. In dilute synovial fluid mimicking the decreased lubricating properties during osteoarthritis, wear particle attachment significantly increased friction coefficient against glass, and native cartilage and synovium. In addition to providing a novel characterization of synovial joint tribology this work highlights a potential mechanism for cartilage wear particles to perpetuate the degradative environment of osteoarthritis by modulating tissue-level properties of the synovium that could impact macroscopic wear as well as mechanical stimuli transmitted to resident cells.