Area Fraction Of Particles Research Articles

Influence of Coarse Mg3Bi2 Particles on Deformation Behaviors of Mg-Bi Alloys

Mg-Bi binary alloys with concentrations of 1, 3, 6, and 9 wt% Bi and ternary Mg-9Bi-2.5Zn alloy were prepared by casting and hot extrusion. The results show that alloying with Bi refined as-cast grains of Mg alloys and the refinement efficiency of Bi is in between Al and Zr. It was also found that a critical value for the area fraction of constituent Mg3Bi2 particles seems to appear, which influences the dynamic recrystallization mechanism during extrusion. This influence results in either uniform or heterogenetic distribution of grain size and different extrusion texture intensities. Furthermore, the addition of Zn affected both the grain size and the area fraction/size of Mg3Bi2. Mechanical results and microstructure/fractography observation suggest that Mg3Bi2 particles do not impact the tensile nor compression yielding stress but act as fracture sources.

Electric-Field-Driven Assembly of Dipolar Spheres Asymmetrically Confined between Two Electrodes.

Externally applied electric fields have previously been utilized to direct the assembly of colloidal particles confined at a surface into a large variety of colloidal oligomers and nonclose-packed honeycomb lattices (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7839-7842). The colloids under such confinement and fields are observed to spontaneously organize into bilayers near the electrode. To extend and better understand how particles can come together to form quasi-two-dimensional materials, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations and complementary experiments of colloids that are strongly confined between two electrodes under an applied alternating current electric field, controlling field strength and particle area fraction. Of particular importance, we control the fraction of particles in the upper vs lower plane, which we describe as asymmetric confinement, and which effectively modulates the coordination number of particles in each plane. We model the particle-particle interactions using a Stockmayer potential to capture the dipolar interactions induced by the electric field. Phase diagrams are then delineated as a function of the control parameters, and a theoretical model is developed in which the energies of several idealized lattices are calculated and compared. We find that the resulting theoretical phase diagrams agree well with simulation. We have not only reproduced the structures observed in experiments using parameters that are close to experimental conditions but also found several previously unobserved phases in the simulations, including a network of rectangular bands, zig zags, and a sigma lattice, which we were then able to confirm in experiment. We further propose a simple way to precisely control the number ratio of particles between different planes, that is, superimposing a direct current electric field with the alternating current electric field, which can be implemented conveniently in experiments. Our work demonstrates that a diverse collection of materials can be assembled from relatively simple ingredients, which can be analyzed effectively through comparison of simulation, theory, and experiment. Our model further explains possible pathways between different phases and provides a platform for examining phases that have yet to be observed in experiments.

Microstructural and mechanical response of ZK60 magnesium alloy subjected to radial forging

Radial forging (RF) is an economical manufacturing forging process, in which four dies arranged radially around the workpiece simultaneously act on the workpiece with high-frequency radial movement. In this study, a ZK60 magnesium alloy step-shaft bar was processed under different accumulated strains by RF at 350 °C. The deformation behavior, microstructure evolution, and mechanical responses of this bar were systematically investigated via numerical simulations and experiments. At the early deformation stage of forging, the material undergoes pronounced grain refinement but an inhomogeneous grain structure is formed due to the strain gradient along the radial direction. The grains in different radial parts were gradually refined by increasing the RF pass, resulting in a bimodal grained structure comprising coarse (∼14.1 μm) and fine (∼2.3 μm) grains. With the RF pass increased, the initial micro-size β-phases were gradually crushed and dissolved into the matrix mostly, eventually evolving to form a higher area fraction of nano-sized Zn2Zr spheroidal particles uniformly distributed through the grain interior. The texture changed as the RF strain increased, with the c-axes of most of the deformed grains rotating in the RD. Additionally, excellent mechanical properties including higher values of tensile strengths and ductility were attained after the three RFed passes, compared to the as-received sample.

EFFECT OF A BIOACTIVE CALCIUM ALKALI ORTHOPHOSPHATE BONE GRAFTING MATERIAL AS COMPARED TO TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON OSTEOGENESIS AFTER SINUS FLOOR AUGMENTATION IN PATIENTS

Sinus floor augmentation (SFA) has become a well-recognized procedure for site development in the atrophic posterior maxilla prior to dental implant placement. There has been an increasing search for relatively rapidly resorbable bone substitutes that enhance bone formation and facilitate bone regeneration with complete replacement by functional bone tissue. This has led to the development of a glassy crystalline silica-containing calcium alkali orthophosphate (Si-CAOP). The specific aim of this study was to assess histologically the effect of this grafting material on osteogenesis and osteogenic marker expression and to compare this effect to that of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in human biopsies obtained 6 months after SFA. Cylindrical biopsies, harvested 6 months after SFA, were processed for immunohistochemical analysis of sawed hard tissue sections using primary antibodies specific to osteocalcin (OC), collagen type I (Col I), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, the bone and particle area fraction were measured histomorphometrically in all biopsies in order to characterize bone formation and degradation of the bone grafting materials. Both biomaterials facilitated osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration of resorbed alveolar ridges, resulting in sufficient bone formation for supporting dental implants. Si-CAOP specimens displayed more advanced bone formation and significantly greater particle degradation than TCP sites. This was accompanied by significantly higher expression of OC, Col I, BSP, and ALP in the osteoid in contact with the degrading particles. These promising results indicate that the Si-CAOP material has great potential use for SFA in humans, thereby confirming its superiority to β-TCP. A prospective study involving a larger patient number, a split-mouth design and analysis of angiogenic properties and of cone-beam CT-data for assessing the volume stability of the augmented area is warranted to further confirm the high osteogenic capacity of Si-CAOP for orofacial bone regeneration.

Atomic scale identification of nano-sized precipitates of Ta/Ti-added RAFM steel and its superior creep strength

The influence of 0.015 wt% Ti addition on the formation of MX precipitates and the creep resistances of a reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel has been studied. 0.1 wt% Ta was also added as same as conventional RAFM steels. Transmission electron micrographs taken from extraction replicas indicated that the area fraction of MX particles in Ta/Ti-added RAFM steel was 2.3 times higher than that in the reference steel. Atom probe tomography was employed to identify the types of MX precipitates and their interactive distribution. By using isoconcentration surfaces with different elemental concentration values, it was newly found that there are three types of MX precipitates, i.e. (Ta,V)-rich MX, Ti-rich MX and W-rich MX in the Ta/Ti-added RAFM steel. They appeared to be distributed independently in the matrix. However, in some cases, smaller sized (Ti or W)-rich MX particles were in contact with large (Ta,V)-rich MX particle. The creep rupture life of the Ta/Ti-added RAFM steel was significantly improved, as compared with the reference steel. The enhanced creep resistance can be rationalized in terms of a high density of dislocations, which were produced by a strong interaction with a higher fraction of the nano-sized MX particles within laths.

Microstructural Evolution and Solidification Behavior of Functionally Graded In Situ Al–Cr Composites During Centrifugal Casting

Functionally graded Al-based composite tubes, reinforced by Al–Cr intermetallic particles, were prepared using horizontal centrifugal casting. A liquid Al–Cr alloy containing 1, 3, and 6 wt% chromium was poured into the centrifugally rotating mold. The present study focused on the effectiveness of process parameters, including mold temperature and rotational speed, on the graded profile of in situ formed particles during centrifugal casting of Al–Cr alloys. Detailed microstructure analysis revealed that the Al–Cr intermetallic compounds formed in situ in the Al-matrix, and segregated onto the outer surface of the tube. Identified intermetallic particles were Al11Cr2 and Al7Cr, with more accumulation of the former near the outer surface. The impacts of the process parameters on the thickness of the particle segregation region were found to be dependent on the initial Cr content. At higher Cr content, the resulted gradient was steeper. Brinell hardness test showed an increasing trend of hardness corresponding with the increment of the area fraction of the intermetallic particles. The maximum hardness (54 HB) was achieved at the outermost region of the centrifugally cast Al-6wt%Cr composite at a mold temperature of 600 °C and a rotational speed of 1800 rpm.

Phase Field Study of Second Phase Particles-Pinning on Strain Induced Grain Boundary Migration

A phase field model was presented to investigate the effect of particles-pinning on grain boundary migration in materials containing stored energy differences across the grain boundaries. The accuracy of the phase field framework was examined by comparing the simulated results with theoretical predictions. The pinning effects of coherent and non-coherent second phase particles on the boundary migration were studied in triple-grain models. 2D simulations with second phase particles of different sizes or different area fractions were performed. The effect of stored energy difference across the boundary on the particles-pinning was also investigated. The results showed that the pinning effect could be enhanced by the decrement of the particle size and the increment of particle area fraction. Increasing the stored energy difference across the grain boundary induced higher grain boundary migration velocity and weaker particles-pinning.

The Effects of Zr Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356–SiC Composites

The influences of Zr on the microstructure of A356–15 vol% SiC composites, such as the distribution of SiC particles in the matrix, the grain size and the hardness and impression creep between 225 and 275 °C, were examined. These composites were prepared using the stir casting technique. The addition of Zr forms Al3Zr phases, which can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, thus resulting in grain refinement. Furthermore, Zr leads to a more uniform distribution and an increased area fraction of SiC particles. Moreover, the addition of only 0.1 wt% Zr significantly increased the Brinell hardness by approximately 18% when compared to the composite without added Zr. The addition of a small amount of Zr (0.1 wt%) is sufficient to increase the Vickers microhardness by approximately 34% when compared to the composite without added Zr, indicating the effect of solid solution strengthening on the composite matrix. The high-temperature stability test using the impression creep technique demonstrated that the A356–15 vol% SiC composite with 0.1 wt% added Zr shows improved creep resistance. However, the creep resistance of composite samples with higher than 0.1 wt% added Zr decreases due to grain boundary sliding occurring in the A356–15vol% SiC composites with too much added Zr.

Individual/synergistic effects of Al and AlN on the microstructural evolution and creep resistance of Elektron21 alloy

The creep properties of Mg-2.85Nd-0.92Gd-0.41Zr-0.29Zn (El21) alloys with additions of 0.25 wt% Al, 0.75 wt% AlN and 1 wt% AlN/Al nanoparticles (NPs) were studied over a stress range from 80 to 140 MPa at 240 °C, respectively. The individual/synergistic roles of Al and AlN in the El21 alloy were investigated systematically to reveal their creep strengthening mechanisms. Creep results show that individually all three additions of 0.25 wt% Al, 0.75 wt% AlN and 1 wt% AlN/Al could increase the creep resistance of El21 alloy apparently. However, the addition of mixed 1 wt% AlN/Al NPs shows the best strengthening effect on creep properties in El21 alloy. Microstructural characterizations reveal that the additions of Al and AlN increased the area fraction of intermetallic particles obviously. Blocky Al2Zr, Al2Zr3 particles and Al2(Nd, Gd) (Al2RE) particulates were observed in both El21 + 0.25% Al and El21 + 0.75%AlN. Nevertheless, when Al and AlN were simultaneously added into El21 alloy the formation of these blocky phases Al2Zr/Al2Zr3 was suppressed, and a larger amount of Al2RE phase was observed. This is attributed to the preferential reaction between AlN and Zr, which restricted the formation of Al–Zr phase and subsequently promoted the reaction of Al-RE phase. The dominant mechanism during creep at 240 °C was calculated to be viscous glide of dislocation. The simultaneous additions of Al and AlN NPs could lead to a more homogeneous distribution of intermetallic particles and increase the amount of Al2RE phase. Such kind of microstructures is beneficial for hindering the dislocation movement, transfer the load from matrix and alleviate the local stress concentration. Consequently, El21 + 1% AlN/Al exhibits the best creep properties among four alloys.

Improvement of durability and drying shrinkage of sodium carbonate activated slag through the incorporation of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide

This study investigates the drying shrinkage, permeability, chloride migration and pore size distribution of sodium carbonate (NC) activated slag. To this end, the effectiveness of two different modifiers, e.g. calcium hydroxide (CH), sodium hydroxide (NH), on shrinkage and permeability of NC-activated slag were investigated. Within this context, NH was replaced with NC at 20% and 40%, while CH was replaced with slag at 3% by weight. The results showed that drying shrinkage can be mitigated with NH and CH substitution, while attaining comparable performance with the ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Moreover, chloride penetration and sorptivity was reduced with the aid of the modifiers, CH-modified mixes presented better performance than OPC-based mixes. The pore structure was refined through CH-substitution. Formation of a high amount of calcite and lower unhydrated slag particle area fraction, which was confirmed with the SEM analysis, proved the lower permeability of CH-modified mixes.

Clustering and phase separation in mixtures of dipolar and active particles.

The self-assembly of colloidal particles in dynamic environments has become an important field of study because of potential applications in fabricating out-of-equilibrium materials. We investigate the phase behavior of mixtures of passive dipolar colloids and active soft spheres using Brownian dynamics simulations in two dimensions. The phase behaviors exhibited include dipolar percolated network, dipolar string-fluid, isotropic fluid, and a phase-separated state. We find that the clustering of dipolar colloids is enhanced in the presence of slow-moving active particles compared to the clustering of dipolar particles mixed with passive particles. When the active particle motility is high, the chains of dipolar particles are either broken into short chains or pushed into dense clusters. Motility-induced phase separation into dense and dilute phases is also present. The area fraction of particles in the dilute phase increases as the fraction of active particles in the system decreases, while the area fraction of particles in the dense phase remains constant. Our findings are relevant to the development of reconfigurable self-assembled materials.

Emergent swarming states in active particles system with opposite anisotropic interactions

From the organization of animal flocks to the emergence of swarming behaviors in bacterial suspension, populations of motile organisms at all scales display coherent collective motion. Recent studies showed that the anisotropic interaction between active particles plays a key role in the phase behaviors. Here we investigate the collective behaviors of based-active Janus particles that experience an anisotropic interaction of which the orientation is opposite to the direction of active force by using Langevin dynamics simulations in two dimensional space. Interestingly, the system shows emergence of collective swarming states upon increasing the total area fraction of particles, which is not observed in systems without anisotropic interaction or activity. The threshold for emergence of swarming states decreases as particle activity or interaction strength increases. We have also performed basic kinetic analysis to reproduce the essential features of the simulation results. Our results demonstrate that anisotropic interactions at the individual level are sufficient to set homogeneous active particles into stable directed motion.

Effects of Cryogenic Deformation on Second-Phase Al2Cu Particles and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al–Cu Alloy Rings

2219 Al–Cu alloy transition rings are widely used in launch vehicles. However, the coarse and agglomerated second-phase Al2Cu particles significantly deteriorate the mechanical properties and ductility of 2219 Al–Cu alloy rings manufactured by traditional thermal deformation processes. In this study, cryogenic deformation (− 190 °C) is applied for the manufacturing of 2219 Al–Cu alloy rings to alleviate this problem. The effects on the evolution of second-phase Al2Cu particles and the mechanical properties of the T8-aged samples were examined in comparison with the results of room-temperature (25 °C) and conventional thermal deformation at 480 °C. The results indicate that cryogenic deformation can effectively produce high-density dislocations and strongly crush coarse particles, promoting the dissolution of Al2Cu particles and improving their distribution in the Al matrix when combined with subsequent solution treatment and rolling processes. As the deformation temperature was decreased from 480 to −190 °C, the area fraction of the coarse particles was decreased from 1.55 to 0.47%, while their mean size was decreased from 11.8 to 8.3 μm. Correspondingly, the uniformity and density of the precipitates after T8 aging were improved. Thus, the mechanical properties of the T8-aged samples were improved with decreasing deformation temperatures; the average ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were increased by 20 MPa, 22 MPa, and 3.1% at room temperature.

Quality Index of Tensile Property on Porosity Variation in A356 Casting Alloys upon T6 Treatment

The contribution of porosity variation affecting the tensile properties of A356 aluminium alloys was investigated in terms of the variations in the quality index of tensile properties as well as the strength coefficient and strain-hardening exponent associated with the T6-treatment. The test specimens were prepared using a low-pressure die-casting and subsequent T6-treatment, and the contribution of microporosity, microstructural features and strain-relating factors to quality index was quantitatively evaluated using a modified constitutive model. The quality index of A356 alloys increases gradually with the lapse of ageing time upon T6-treatment, which increases significantly at the initial ageing stage with rise in the ageing temperature. Additionally, the quality index of A356 alloy primarily depends on the porosity variation with power law relationship, irrespective of its state, i.e. solutionised or artificially aged. Theoretically, the strength coefficient directly determines the nominal level of quality index. The overall dependence of quality index on porosity variation is weakened with increasing tensile strain, but it significantly depends upon the porosity variation for lower values of the strain-hardening exponent. The age hardening arises an explicit transition on fracture path by the damage evolution of eutectic Si particles, which can influence the overall level of quality index through a change in the effective void area fraction, with the microporosity variation by pre-existing micro-voids in casting alloys. A wide deviation on quality index of A356 casting alloy depends practically upon the microporosity variation. Additionally, the nominal level of quality index is influenced by the damage evolution of eutectic Si particles as well as the variation of strength coefficient and strain-hardening exponent by age hardening on T6-treatment. The theoretical approach by constitutive model can quantitatively describe the individual contributions of the strength coefficient and strain-hardening exponent to the overall level of quality index, including the microstructural features such as the area fraction and distribution aspect of micro-voids and eutectic Si particles.

The role of Si on microstructure, mechanical and local corrosion behaviors of an Al–Cu–Mg–Si alloy with high Cu/Mg ratio

The influences of Si (0.65–1.28 wt%) on the microstructure, mechanical, impact toughness and local corrosion behaviors of an Al–Cu–Mg–Si with high Cu/Mg ratio has been investigated. The results showed that the area fraction of insoluble particles Q phase increased with the increase of Si content, and a small amount of Si phase appeared at high Si content. The ageing precipitates was θ′ and Q′ phase, and the number of Q′ phase significantly increased with the increase Si content. Si didn’t obviously accelerate age-hardening response, nor effectively improve peak hardness in the range of 0.65 ≤ Si ≤ 1.28 wt%. The strength of the alloy first increased and then decreased, while the impact toughness and local corrosion properties decreased with the increase of Si content. The fracture and corrosion mechanism have been discussed in detail.

Vesicle constriction by rings of Janus nanoparticles and aggregates of curved proteins

Membrane constriction and associated scission by proteins and nano structures are crucial to many processes in cellular and synthetic biology. We report mechanical constriction of vesicles by rings of adsorbed Janus nanoparticles that represent synthetic nano structures and mimic contractile proteins, and by aggregates of curved crescents that mimic scaffold proteins. Membrane energetics from Monte Carlo simulations and simulated annealing of the elastic membrane model confirms spontaneous vesicle constriction by aggregates of sufficiently-curved crescents of various lengths and by rings of Janus nanoparticles with a variety of ring lengths, particle sizes, and particle area fractions. We show that shorter rings of smaller particles with higher area fractions reinforce the constriction by increasing the energetic drive towards the constricted vesicle with smaller constriction radius. We demonstrate that vesicle constriction by crescent aggregates strongly depends on the crescent curvature. In contrast to aggregates of sufficiently-curved crescents that are capable of inducing full vesicle constriction, those of near flat crescents with negligible curvature leave the vesicle unconstricted. Our results offer promising perspectives for designing membrane-constricting nano structures such as nanoparticle aggregates and clusters of synthetic curved proteins such as DNA origami scaffolds with applications in synthetic biology. Our findings reveal the significant contribution of highly-curved F-BAR domains to cell division and explain how contractile protein rings such as dynamin GTPase, actomyosin rings, and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport constrict the membrane.

Monte Carlo simulations of magnetic particle suspensions with a simple assessment method for the particle overlap between magnetic spheroids

We have developed a simple assessment method for the overlap between spheroidal particles, which neither requires the complex manipulation of vectors and matrices that is indispensable in the ordinary methods, nor is based on a model potential. Moreover, we have developed an evaluation method for the interaction energy arising from the overlap of the steric layer coating spheroidal particles. This is based on a sphere-connected particle model, but some modifications are introduced in order to express an appropriate repulsive interaction energy at the deepest overlapping position. We have investigated the phase change in a magnetic spheroidal particle suspension for a two-dimensional system by means of Monte Carlo simulations. In the case of no external magnetic field, if the magnetic particle-particle interaction is sufficiently strong to favour cluster formation, long raft-like clusters tend to be formed in a dilute situation. With decreasing values of area fraction, a chain-like structure in a dense situation transforms into a raft-like structure within a narrow range of the particle area fraction. Similarly, the raft-like clusters are preferred in a weak applied magnetic field, but an increase in the field strength induces a phase change from a raft-like into a chain-like structure.Highlights of the present paper:A simple assessment method has been proposed for the overlap between two spheroidal particles.The particle overlap assessment is free from a complex mathematical manipulation regarding vectors and matrices.A modified sphere-connected model has been proposed in order to more accurately evaluate a repulsive interaction due to the overlap of the steric layers coating spheroidal particles.2D Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to elucidate the phenomenon of a phase change by magnetic spheroidal particles on a material plane surface.A phase change between a raft-like and a chain-like aggregate structure is able to be controlled by the area fraction of particles and an external magnetic field.

Phase behavior of two-dimensional Brownian systems of corner-rounded hexagons

Investigations into the phase behavior of Brownian systems of nonspherical colloids have received considerable attention because these systems can exhibit very rich self-assembled structures, some of which have potential for applications. In this work, we explore the phase behavior of corner-rounded hexagons in two dimensions, both through experiments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Our experiments, using lithographically shape-designed hexagons, which have corner-rounded vertices and nearly hard in-plane interactions, reveal three different solid phases for increasing particle area fraction ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{A}}$: hexagonal rotator crystal (RX), hexagonal crystal (HX), and frustrated hexagonal crystal (FHX). In the RX phase, hexagons form a hexagonal lattice, but they are randomly oriented and their rotations are ergodic. In the HX phase, hexagons orient uniformly on average, but their rotations are still ergodic via slower hopping motion. In the FHX phase, all hexagons are uniformly oriented, but their rotations are highly bound and nonergodic. MC simulation results on matching rounded hexagons confirm this experimentally observed sequence of phases. Using simulations, we increase the corner roundness and show that the molecular-orientational order decreases at fixed ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{A}}$. Our results provide insights into controlling the large-scale self-assembly of spatially and orientationally ordered two-dimensional arrays of colloids through particle shape design and crowding conditions.

Effect of Ce Addition on Modifying the Microstructure and Achieving a High Elongation with a Relatively High Strength of As-Extruded AZ80 Magnesium Alloy.

Forming magnesium alloys with rare earth elements (La, Gd, Nd, Y, Ce) is a routine method for modifying their microstructure and properties. In the present work, the effect of Ce addition on the microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-8Al-0.5Zn (AZ80) alloy was investigated. All of the extruded AZ80-xCe (x = 0, 0.2, 0.8 and 1.4 wt %) alloys exhibited equiaxed grains formed by fully dynamic recrystallization, and the grain size of the extruded AZ80 alloy was remarkably reduced by ~56.7% with the addition of 1.4 wt % Ce. Furthermore, the bulk-shaped Al4Ce phase formed when Ce was first added, with the Ce content rising to 0.8 wt % or higher, and Al4Ce particles in both the nano- and micron sizees were well distributed in the primary α-Mg matrix. The area fraction of the Al4Ce particles expanded with increasing Ce content, providing more nuclei for dynamic recrystallization, which could contribute to the grain refinement. The results of the tensile tests in this study showed that Ce addition effectively improved the room temperature formability of the as-extruded AZ80 alloy, without sacrificing strength. The significantly improved mechanical properties were ascribed to excellent grain refinement, weakened texture strength, an increased Schmid factor, and a reduced area fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, all resulting from Ce addition to the as-extruded AZ80 alloy. The contribution of the nano-Al4Ce precipitates on improving the mechanical properties was also discussed in this paper.

Unidirectional rotation of circles driven by chiral active particles**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21674096 and 21873082).

The dynamics of two-dimensional rigid circles filled with chiral active particles are investigated by employing the overdamped Langevin dynamics simulations. Unidirectional rotation of rigid circles is observed, and the rotational angular velocity () relies mainly on the length (l), the number (, and tilt angle (γ) of boards, and the angular velocity (ω) and area fraction (ρ) of chiral active particles. There are optimum values for these parameters at which the average angular velocity of circle reaches its maximum. The center-of-mass mean square displacement for circles drops by about two orders of magnitude for large angular velocity ω of chiral active particles with oscillations in the short-time regime. Our work demonstrates that nanofabricated objects with suitable designs immersed in a bath of chiral active particles can extract and rectify energy in a unidirectional motion.