Participatory Work Research Articles

Strategic Human Resources Management for Creating Shared Value in Social Business Organizations

Social business organizations work to achieve social and business goals to create shared value (CSV). Strategic human resource management (SHRM) is one of the key components of optimizing shared value. The available literature needs more evidence on how these organizations manage their human resources. This study aims to bridge the gap by examining the HRM approaches of social business in creating shared value for the organization. This study analyzed four social business cases through semi-structured interviews, field visits, and a review of archival documents and web-based reports and resources. As shown in the results, we found that formal recruitment processes are followed where candidates’ prior knowledge and interests in the social business are tested rigorously. Talented, qualified, and suitable candidates are selected without any biases. On-the-job training processes are followed with a rigorous focus on orienting employees to social and business goals. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are sets for evaluating employees’ social and business performance. Market rates are followed in providing compensation. Family-oriented and participatory work environment exists, which keeps their turnover low. High-performance HRM is recommended to achieve future growth and shared value optimization.

Thai School Learning Communities (SLC): An Exploratory Factor Analysis

This research paper analyzes the composition and level of core values of 17 Thai schools from 17 provinces using school learning communities (SLC). After a literature review, 38 core values were initially determined. A quantitative research methodology was also used to develop a 5-level questionnaire. The sample size was 304 individuals who were selected by stratified random sampling. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed, from which seven experts determined that the SLC core value variables could be grouped into four main categories containing 32 remaining core value variables after the importance assessment. Ranked in priority order, these were 1) Component 4 (Emphasize on teachers' acceptance of diversity) (mean = 4.57, SD = .49), Component 1: Encouraging learners to show their full potential (mean = 4.40, SD = .42), Component 3: Emphasis on trust through participatory work (mean = 4.39, SD = .44), and Component 2: Supporting self-directed learners in a team-based learning style (mean = 4.38, SD = .42).

Embedding plurality: exploring participatory practice in the development of a new permanent gallery

Increasing numbers of museums and galleries worldwide have developed an array of working practices that might be termed 'participatory' or 'co-creative', which seek to involve visitors, non-visitors, community and interest groups with diverse forms of expertise and perspective in their activities. Frequently the central aim of such practices has been to strengthen relationships between a museum and its audiences through projects that are jointly conceived and developed with local communities. However, relatively little attention has been given to participatory practice within the work of larger institutions, particularly those with a national and international remit, reach and audience base, where participatory practices are adopted to enrich the development and content of new permanent displays (aimed at large and diverse audiences). Drawing on a single case study – the development of the permanent Information Age gallery at the Science Museum in London, which opened in 2014 – this paper aims to reflect upon the extent to which existing concepts, theories and approaches to participation and co-creation resonate with museum work of this kind. Unlike many participatory practices internationally, the range of projects and activities utilised in the development of Information Age were driven less by a desire to share authority and decision-making with communities outside the museum and more by a concern to foster involvement with diverse communities of interest in the making of a major gallery and to generate and embed plural perspectives on the objects and stories presented within it. This paper raises further questions around how participatory work is perceived, valued and shared across the sector.

Collaborative participation in a home economics context: using school meals as a part of sustainable education

ABSTRACT This action research study explores how co-developing school meals can be taken as a case for education for sustainable development, as integrated to home economics education. We analyse a seven-month-process of collaborative participation in a Finnish secondary school conducted with two home economics teachers, a school food manager, and students during a voluntary home economics course. Data include interviews, multi-professional meetings, and professional reflections of the named school staff members (N = 3), as well as students’ (N = 8; 7th grade; aged 13–14 years) learning diaries, interviews and feedback questionnaire. We develop the term shared food sense (joint understanding, collective application, re-definition of co-action) as a conceptual tool for analysing food-related learning outcomes of the collaborative process. Analyses focused on 1) tensions emerging during the participatory work and 2) outcomes achieved through negotiation and collaboration, including roles that became possible for students to enact. Results show that collaboration succeeded in offering young people opportunities to influence and voice their opinions of school meals, as well as novel modes of interaction across the school’s social. However, students’ experiences of the participatory work varied, and power hierarchies among the different participating groups remained rather unchanged, demonstrating tensions between ideals and realities of participation.

Presidential Address, 2022-Dismantling Systemic Barriers: Re-Envisioning Equity and Inclusion.

Presidential Address, 2022-Dismantling Systemic Barriers: Re-Envisioning Equity and Inclusion.

Making invisible care visible. Ethics and aesthetics of care in participatory arts practices in times of COVID-19

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the importance of care for our societies, yet underscores the inferiority of relational caring practices. During this time, we studied the participatory work of artists working with older adults using participant observations, in-depth interviews and visual ethnography. In this article, we present a case study of one arts initiative, a theatre company engaging seniors in the Netherlands, using ethics and aesthetics of care as sensitising concepts. The findings reveal that this work can promote relational forms of care. This study makes visible how different forms of care can be identified in a participatory art project.

From Research to Participation: An Attempt to Reset the Post-Soviet Southern Cities of Ukraine

The study analyses the results of the five-month scientific and practical project "South Coast of Ukraine: from research to development" in 2020-2021. The aim is to rethink the development of cities in the Kherson region and find alternative scenarios of spatial transformations that can give impetus to qualitative ecological, socio-economic and socio-cultural changes in cities. The Ukrainian coastal cities of Henichesk and Skadovsk were selected as pilot cities. The study aimed to identify the shortcomings of this project in terms of effective involvement of city residents in project processes and develop proposals for resolving inconsistencies in further work with residents of these and other Ukrainian cities. The study identified the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of the project's impact, among which the main identified the incorrect methodology of participatory work. As a result of the research, it was found that, in the Ukrainian context, it is challenging to conduct participatory work - it turns into imitation. The expert community and entrepreneurship should be the driving forces of change to increase the effectiveness of decisions on urban development; Ukraine's post-Soviet participatory practice needs detailed research, taking into account real political and economic contexts.

Exploring identity-oriented evaluation for rural community development: A constructivist grounded theory approach

ABSTRACT Many practitioners use culturally responsive approaches for community development; however, identity-oriented frameworks may enhance holistic engagement with communities and foster increased participatory collaboration. The current study identifies components of identity narratives within a community-based health-promotion initiative focused on rural food access through a culturally responsive lens to develop a preliminary theory of identity-oriented evaluation. Data were collected with members of the community coalition in one county participating in the rural health-promotion program. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to identify themes related to identity construction by participants. Themes included community identity, economic narratives of health, personal identity, descriptions of coalition, cultural food preferences, identity constructions around health, community-first perspective, collaboration across community sectors, slowness of change, and social observations related to behavior change. Looking at the themes in a rural health-promotion context, the authors discuss implications for engaging in community development using identity as an entry point for participatory work.

Participatory Art for Mental Health: A Therapeutic Empowerment

The background that drove the research is that the condition of people with mental illness (PMI) was usually unproductive and tended to be a burden on the family and was exacerbated by the high stigma against PMI in Indonesia. As a result, there were acts of deprivation, confinement, exclusion, and other forms of discrimination that suppress human values. PMI was limited in their living space and socially ostracized because they were accused of disturbing social stability. The purpose of creating art with PMI is the implementation of strengthening social capital through collaboration-based innovations of civil society, academics, and stakeholders that led to the empowerment of people with disabilities. The low productivity of PMI required creative intervention in art creation. Art activities could be encouraging because they felt valued, given productive and fun activities. Currently, art activities were still limited to relaxation and fun distribution. Therefore, this research was a co-creation effort that had an economic impact. The art creation method used was participatory, focusing on inculcating habits, customs, values, and norms without coercion. The participatory process emphasized one's participation in the process of creation. Researcher ensured that the art produced was worthy of being exhibited and had a selling value. This approach produced participatory work that raised the dignity of the participants. The participatory art approach could be considered successful based on the physical indicators of the creation of new art creation. Socio-psychological indicators were the formation of participation, confidence and self-esteem of participants, and the rise of social energy that fostered new enthusiasm for socio-economic improvement. Keywords : participation, PMI, empowerment, art creation DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-18-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2022

Social group work in Germany: the rise and fall of the Hanseatic Youth Association (HJB) in Hamburg

ABSTRACT This paper presents Hanseatic Youth Association (HJB) in Hamburg as case study in the history of social group work in Germany. During the Nazi era, youth groups of the Wandervogel movement of the 1920s were assimilated by the Hitler Youth, and democratic traditions were replaced by authoritarian approaches to group work that persisted for decades after the war. In 1947, Elisabeth Sülau revived participatory social group work in Hamburg when she founded the Hanseatic Youth Association (HJB), which grew from an initial group of seven girls to social clubs and friendship groups that served up to 400 children and young adults per year. Social group work in the HJB was based on democratic principles and situational equality for all members. Following the closure of the HJB in 1967, social group work was subsumed by a clinial professional model that distinguished between social education and therapeutic group work. Implications are drawn for social group work today.

Food activism and negotiating the gendered dynamics of public cultures of care

A growing and significant research literature utilizes feminist frameworks to study relationships with food from a variety of vantage points. In this article, we are especially interested in feminist food sovereignty, feminist political ecology, and feminist theories of care, both because caring labor has been historically undervalued in food systems and because neoliberal modes of commodification and marketization have interpellated activists, scholar-activists, and activist-scholars into new ways of self-care and caring for others. To begin, we provide a brief overview of the places where we work, including the city of Pomona, the Pomona Valley Certified Farmers Market, and the Pomona Community Farmer Alliance (PCFA), a community organization and local activist collective. We then draw on nearly three years of participatory ethnographic work in this community to explore and theorize care work in local food systems activism. Our conceptual framework, framed by feminist food studies and theories of care, illuminates how PCFA members conceive of their own caring work in practice, as well as how they negotiate the complexities of caring for others and self, while being left by the state to do this work. We also explore how activists’ care practices sometimes lay bare structural inequalities and the failure of the state, while also reinforcing and challenging neoliberal ideologies embedded in volunteerism. To conclude, we discuss the gendered implications of our work for food systems research, specifically considering the complementarity of Progressive and Radical approaches to food systems transformation.

Participatory Social Work in Living Environment: Acting, Learning, and Knowledge Co-Production. The School of Łódź

The Department of Social Pedagogy and Social Rehabilitation, founded by Helena Radlińska at the University of Lodz, has been developing an original variant of participatory social work for many years. A discourse analysis of this production process results in reconstruction its axial anchors (topos), such as: participation, critical perspective, interpretative assessment, non-deliberativity or political work. All those structural elements are processual, as they need to be adapted to changing social settings (e.g. communities getting more virtualized). Furthermore, the historical context must be considered to understand the participatory social work, as it has had a significant impact on the very concept of action, human strengths or structural empowerment. On top of this already quite complex construction is the triad: practice, knowledge, learning, each of its elements can be treated as a different genre of discourse. Interdiscursive integration of the genres is enabled by the traditionally embedded practice of combining research with action and education. The article ends with critical conclusions regarding the risk of following trends, exploitation of service users and the professionalization of everyday life.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Partisipatif, Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi, terhadap Kompetensi Profesional Guru di SMP Swasta Budi Utomo Binjai


 ABSTRAK
 This study aims to determine the effect of participatory leadership, work discipline, and motivation, on the professional competence of teachers at Budi Utomo Binjai Private Junior High School. The sample in this study were all 53 teachers at Budi Utomo Binjai Private Junior High School. This study used a questionnaire as primary data and then the data results were analyzed using multiple regression by conducting a stimulant test, determination test, and partial test with a significant level of 5 percent (α = 0.05) which was processed with the help of SPSS 22. The results of this study are there is a positive and significant influence of participatory leadership, work discipline, and motivation on the professional competence of teachers at Budi Utomo Binjai Private Junior High School as seen through the results of the stimulant test with an F count of 11.534 and probability value or p-value = 0.000 <0.05. The results of the partial test show that participatory leadership has a positive and significant effect of 0.000 and t count of 109.843, work discipline has a positive and significant effect of 0.000 and t count of 117.936, motivation has a positive and significant effect of 0.000 and t count of 115.386. positive participatory leadership, work discipline, and motivation on the professional competence of teachers.
 
 Keywords: Work Discipline, Participatory Leadership, Teacher Professional Competence, Motivation

Get Up and Tie Your Fingers Eyemouth: Listening for dialogic resonance within a co-produced community performance

This article addresses concepts and theories of listening and the impact these can have on community theatre-making. The article draws on Jean-Luc Nancy’s analysis of listening as resonance (écouter) rather than listening to hear meaning (entendre), and considers his concept of renvoi (a return, send back, repeat). Get Up and Tie Your Fingers Eyemouth was a participatory performance work that the authors of this article – theatre director Fiona MacPherson and dance artist Liz Pavey – together with musician Eleanor Logan, realized with multigenerational cast in Eyemouth, Scotland. We analyse how listening techniques became the primary model of rehearsal activity and approach to performing which Fiona developed with the narrators in this production. An emphasis on listening supported the development of new methods of ensemble storytelling fostering a collective creative agency in how participants worked with the script and explored the musicality of the dialogue. These innovative methodologies question conventional and hierarchical delineation of artistic roles in performance making and storytelling challenging traditional notions of ownership in theatre practice. Our analysis considers listening as an embodied and emplacement activity particularly within the context of a coastal location. We argue that an attention to listening can foster aesthetic and somatic sensibility and awareness of interrelationship of self and environment. The article concludes with initial analysis of how we have been furthering our exploration of the application of listening practices to performance making within our subsequent collaboration with the Eyemouth community, Eyemouth: People and The Sea.

Scientific response to the 2021 eruption of Nyiragongo based on the implementation of a participatory monitoring system

The development of a resilient society is a major challenge for growing human population faced with abundant natural hazards. During and after the May 22, 2021 eruption of Nyiragongo, the local population was surprised and scared by the subsequent seismicity and associated surface fracturing, coupled with the alert of a possible new eruptive vent opening in Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo) and/or Gisenyi (Rwanda). The creation of a toll-free phone number enabled the population to record fractures and gas/thermal anomalies affecting the area. Such work was fundamental in enabling scientists and authorities to assess the associated risks. Crucially, gas data showed that the degassing through fractures did not represent direct transfer of magmatic volatiles but was more likely of superficial origin. Surprisingly, this participatory work revealed that the first fractures appeared several weeks before the eruption and their opening was not detected by the monitoring system. This firmly underlines the need for scientists to anchor citizen science in monitoring strategies.

“Even if I’m well informed, I will never get it”: COVID-19 vaccine beliefs, intentions and acceptability among adolescents and young people in South Africa

Vaccines are an essential public health intervention in response to global emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. South Africa aims to vaccinate 67% of its population in 2021 to contain the transmission and effects of COVID-19. While evidence suggests that younger South African adults may be less likely to accept vaccines than older adults, little is known about vaccine hesitancy among South African adolescents and young people. This chapter discusses findings on vaccine-related beliefs, intentions and acceptability from participatory work with South African adolescents and young people ages 17 to 29 years, conducted through online closed-group activities. Findings highlight vaccine hesitancy among adolescents and young people that, if not addressed, may undermine the effectiveness of the vaccine-based COVID-19 response. Reasons provided for reluctance to use vaccines include: mistrust of government and scientists; low illness vulnerability perceptions; conspiracy-related beliefs; fear of injections and potential side-effects, and a preference for non-biomedical (traditional and/or natural) remedies. Potential enablers of vaccine acceptability and uptake include: receiving information from trusted sources; the desire for safety; perceived vaccine effectiveness, and observing the safe uptake among trusted people such as peers and family members. Access to accurate information is important, but may in itself be insufficient. We suggest a multi-dimensional approach aimed at addressing perceptions of low vulnerability to disease, mistrust and the perceived effectiveness and safety of vaccines. Ensuring accurate information from trustworthy sources, meaningfully engaging traditional and alternative health practitioners, developing family- and peer-based initiatives, and building trust in government and international health infrastructure may support vaccine uptake, thus strengthening social and health outcomes for South Africa’s next generation.

Prototyping an IoT transparency toolkit to support communication, governance and policy in the smart city

This paper describes the design of a prototype transparency tool for communities, public and private organisations, and other stakeholders to use when developing, deploying and interrogating public space Internet of Things implementations as part of wider smart city initiatives. These deployments need to be accompanied by effective public communications and policy, and consideration of factors such as data privacy, so as not to negatively impact citizens. The intention of the tool is to guide transparency of these deployments in order to support trusted IoT ecosystems. The tool, which was developed as both a physical card deck and a digital implementation, was developed through a combination of participatory work and other research to understand the information requirements of citizens and other stakeholders. We suggest that further development of such tools can effectively support trustworthy IoT in smart cities.

Design of a Participatory Organizational-Level Work Stress Prevention Approach in Primary Education.

BackgroundWork stress is a serious problem in primary education. Decades of research underline the importance of participatory, organizational-level work stress prevention approaches. In this approach, measures are planned to tackle causes of work stress in a participatory manner and implemented by a working group consisting of members of the organization. This approach can only be effective if the measures contain effective ingredients to decrease work stress risks and are successfully implemented. The aim of this paper is to present an outline of a work stress prevention approach that is evaluated in primary education. To ensure the appropriateness of measures, a logic model of change is built as part of the risk assessment to facilitate the selection of appropriate measures. Progression on target behaviors as well as implementation factors are real-time monitored during implementation and fed back to the working groups, to provide the opportunity to adjust action plans when needed to optimize implementation.MethodsThe approach consists of five steps: (1) preparation: installing an advisory board and working groups, (2) risk assessment: inventory of work stress risks (questionnaires and focus groups). In addition, a behavioral analysis is performed to build a logic model of change to facilitate selection of measures, (3) action planning: conducting an action plan with appropriate measures (focus groups), (4) implementation: implementing the action plan. During implementation progression on target behaviors and implementation factors are monthly monitored and fed back to the working groups, and (5) evaluation: effects of the approach are studied in a controlled trial with measurements at baseline (T0), 1 year (T1), and 2 years (T2) follow-up. A process evaluation is carried out using quantitative (questionnaires and real-time monitoring data) and qualitative (interviews and data logs) data to study the implementation process of all steps of the work stress approach.DiscussionWe believe that building a logic model of change and real-time monitoring of implementation could be of added value to improve the success of the work stress prevention approach. With this study, we aim to provide more insights into work stress intervention research, especially in primary education.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe study is registered in Netherlands Trial Register (ClinicalTrials.gov #NL9797, October 18, 2021).

Ethnoichthyology and Ethnotaxonomy of the Kichwa Indigenous People of Arawanu (Arajuno), in the Ecuadorian Amazon

The Amazon Basin is home to a great number of Indigenous nationalities that have coevolved with aquatic habitats and fish resulting in a precise traditional ecological knowledge. Nevertheless, this biocultural heritage is threatened by the degradation of rivers and fisheries, and cultural erosion. This research was designed and carried out in the community ofArawanu(Arajuno in Spanish), in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and was requested by the local Kichwa people looking for guidance to gather, systematize and disseminate their ethnoichthyological knowledge. Data collection was carried out through participatory workshops using the pile sorting technique in group dynamics, to identify, name and classify local fish and compile biocultural information about them. From the Linnaean taxonomic perspective, 86 taxa were identified, included in 26 families, and corresponded with 16 Kichwa ethnofamilies and 58 ethnospecies. Five classification levels were identified: (I)Aycha: unique beginner–Animalia kingdom; (II)Yaku Aycha: life form–Pisces superclass; (III)Ayllukuna: ethnofamilies–Linnaean families; (IV) Ethnogenera–Linnaean genus; and (V) Ethnospecies–Linnaean species. A one-to-one correspondence was registered between 35 Kichwa ethnospecies and Linnean species, along with one case of over-differentiation and 21 cases of subdifferentiation (Type A: 7; Type B: 14). The Kichwa ethnoichthyological classification is multidimensional and considers attributes like skin and scales, fishbones and spines, meat quality, body shape, diet, and salience. Of the 58 ethnospecies, 38 were valued for consumption, while medicinal and spiritual uses were mentioned for 40 of them. The participatory work created a forum to discuss the value and threats to ichthyofauna and freshwater systems, enabled the dissemination of their biocultural heritage, and highlighted the cultural relevance of hydro-social ecosystems in their livelihood. The collected information may be critical to adapt local education systems to the Kichwa worldview and to pass down traditional ecological knowledge to future generations, fostering a respectful, careful and conscious relationship between humans and nature. Our results offer a solid and novel information compilation and practical guidance for participatory ethnobiological surveys. Additionally, the ethnobiological and the ethnotaxonomical information establishes the basis to develop sustainable fishing strategies and promote conservation of the local ichthyofauna.

A framework for participatory work environment interventions in home care \u2013 success factors and some challenges

BackgroundHome care is beset with work environment issues and high staff turnover, while research concerned with interventions to improve the work environment is sparse. Few of the existing interventions apply a participative approach, despite this being associated with more positive outcomes and sustainable change. This paper presents a framework, rooted in action research and action learning, for participatory work environment interventions in home care, and demonstrates how this framework has been implemented in four Swedish home care organizations.MethodsThe framework has three phases (pre-intervention, intervention planning and intervention implementation) and consists of cycles of action and reflection in three constellations: a group of researchers, a reference group with labour market organization representatives and home care managers, and intervention work groups in the home care organizations. The work was documented and analysed with focus on the realization of the framework and challenges that were met on the way. The interventions were evaluated using a pre-/post-test questionnaire design.ResultsParts of the framework were successfully implemented. The pre-intervention phase and the intervention planning phase, with intervention work groups, worked well. All four groups identified one intervention relevant to their own context. However, only two of the proposed interventions were fully implemented and evaluated. The high staff and management turnover, and the high rate of organizational changes made it impossible to evaluate the interventions statistically. Yet, data from open-ended questions in the post questionnaire showed that the two implemented interventions were perceived as successful.ConclusionsThe participatory framework, presented in this paper, seems promising for work environment interventions in home care. The framework was designed to reduce the risk of known disturbances affecting the process in unstable organizations. Despite this, it proved challenging to execute the framework, and especially the interventions, due to changes happening at high speed. In the two cases where organizational changes were not dominating, the interventions were implemented successfully. While the prerequisites for participation and successful implementation could be improved somewhat, the main issue, the instability of the organizational context, is hard for researchers or the individual home care units to tackle alone.