Participatory Technology Development Research Articles

Identifying Factors of User Acceptance of a Drone-Based Medication Delivery: User-Centered Design Approach.

The use of drones in the health care sector is increasingly being discussed against the background of the aging population and the growing shortage of skilled workers. In particular, the use of drones to provide medication in rural areas could bring advantages for the care of people with and without a need for care. However, there are hardly any data available that focus on the interaction between humans and drones. This study aims to disclose and analyze factors associated with user acceptance of drone-based medication delivery to derive practice-relevant guidance points for participatory technology development (for apps and drones). A controlled mixed methods study was conducted that supports the technical development process of an app design for drone-assisted drug delivery based on a participatory research design. For the quantitative analysis, established and standardized survey instruments to capture technology acceptance, such as the System Usability Scale; Technology Usage Inventory (TUI); and the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience model, were used. To avoid possible biasing effects from a continuous user development (eg, response shifts and learning effects), an ad hoc group was formed at each of the 3 iterative development steps and was subsequently compared with the consisting core group, which went through all 3 iterations. The study found a positive correlation between the usability of a pharmacy drone app and participants' willingness to use it (r=0.833). Participants' perception of usefulness positively influenced their willingness to use the app (r=0.487; TUI). Skepticism had a negative impact on perceived usability and willingness to use it (r=-0.542; System Usability Scale and r=-0.446; TUI). The study found that usefulness, skepticism, and curiosity explained most of the intention to use the app (F3,17=21.12; P<.001; R2=0.788; adjusted R2=0.751). The core group showed higher ratings on the intention to use the pharmacy drone app than the ad hoc groups. Results of the 2-tailed t tests showed a higher rating on usability for the third iteration of the core group compared with the first iteration. With the help of the participatory design, important aspects of acceptance could be revealed by the people involved in relation to drone-assisted drug delivery. For example, the length of time spent using the technology is an important factor for the intention to use the app. Technology-specific factors such as user-friendliness or curiosity are directly related to the use acceptance of the drone app. Results of this study showed that the more participants perceived their own competence in handling the app, the more they were willing to use the technology and the more they rated the app as usable.

Participation and sensemaking in electric vehicle field trials: A study of fleet vehicle-to-grid in Australia

Vehicle-to-grid is a niche technology that has the potential to benefit electricity markets and support more renewable energy in the grid. However, interest from prospective users in adopting V2G is not well understood, particularly in the context of fleet vehicles. Technology-oriented field trials can contribute to the development of niche technologies. Trials usually focus on making engineered systems work, institutional embedding and testing business models. However, through the participation of users they also provide the opportunity to explore processes of problem definition and the formation of social, ethical and cultural meanings. This article presents findings from the Realising Electric Vehicle-to-grid Services project, an Australian trial of vehicle-to-grid in a government-owned light passenger car fleet, aiming to explore co-productive processes as essential aspects of participatory technology development. Our data comprises interviews with organisational actors responsible for facilitating and mediating the trial, as well as others in similar organisational roles. Adopting ecologies of participation as a framework, it reveals the productive effects of these actors in mediating the local embedding of vehicle-to-grid. These findings challenge the framing of vehicle-to-grid as being a question of consumer acceptance and suggest that, for this promising technology to contribute to a more sustainable future, the electricity sector must accept more risk.

A Study on Analysis of Factors Responsible for Adoption and Non-adoption of Green Technologies in Rice Based Ecosystem

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. Thus, the total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. Nature of technology (RBQ = 89.29) was the foremost factor governing the adoption of green technologies in technology and cultivation factor, social recognition (RBQ= 75.46) was the primary factor in social factors. Premium price (RBQ=72.58) was the foremost marketing factor followed by subsidies and schemes (RBQ= 73.37) as the paramount economic factor governing the adoption and non-adoption of green technologies as perceived by the farmers. Improvement needs to be done in accessing information by farmers. Most of the farmers felt complexity in the use of agricultural invention. This could be rectified by participatory technology development approach where farmers also a part of technology development. The farmers need to be provided with the knowledge of market demand for the produce, which will help the farmers to get more income and wastage of the produce will also minimized.

Empowerment of Medicinal Plant Gardens and Training on Herbal Tea Making based on Medicinal Plants in Wage Permai-Sidoarjo.

The Wage Permai Housing Complex in Sidoarjo Regency has a potential vacant land of approximately 1800 m2. Based on this potential, a community engagement program conducted by the University of Surabaya in collaboration with the Community Group (POKMAS) and the PKK cadre of Wage Permai was carried out to empower the land into a Medicinal Plant Garden (TOGA). The aim of this activity is to improve the health and economic productivity of the residents of Wage Permai. The program includes the establishment and empowerment of the TOGA garden, as well as training on herbal tea making. The methods applied in this program are participatory rural appraisal, community development, education, and participatory technology development. The results of this activity include the establishment of the Wage Permai Medicinal Plant Garden, which consists of around 23 medicinal plants. There was a significant increase in knowledge and skills of the PKK cadre of Wage Permai in herbal tea processing, as evidenced by the significant improvement in post-test results (p&lt;0.05). The outputs of the herbal tea making training are two herbal tea product formulas and a book on herbal tea blending. These outputs are intended to support household-scale production to enhance the economic productivity of the residents.

DRAWING EXPERIENCES ON PARTICIPATORY FORESTRY EXTENSION APPROACHES: IMPLICATION FOR FORESTRY EXTENSION IN ETHIOPIA

Forestry extension in Ethiopia has been mirrored in the agriculture extension package as one aspect commonly to address land and forest degradation. In contrast to the top-down approach, the participatory extension has given momentum to promote afforestation and rehabilitation of degraded land for transferring sufficient knowledge and addressing growers’ choices to raise tree species for various purposes. However, the research on forestry-related participatory technology development, adaption, and extension seems overlooked. The purpose of this review was to draw on the experiences of countries with low economic development on participatory forestry technologies development and extension. Hence, I reviewed good practices of various selected countries where forestry participatory extension approaches have been effective. The result of the review shows that participatory extension approaches like group training, demonstration trial, farmer's field school, and community-based extension approaches have been effective in forest management and livelihood development in the forest sector. Therefore, the review implies that key forestry stakeholders engaging in research, technology development and extension should prioritize participatory approaches to address both community needs and ecological aspects.

Community Empowerment Through Utilization of Information Technology to Improve Management of Health Introspection at An-Nur Student Islamic Boarding School

Islamic boarding schools are places that are very vulnerable to disease transmission. The number of Islamic boarding schools that are adaptive to the progress of the times can change the behavior of their people towards a better life, namely by using technology. An-Nur Islamic Boarding School is a modern Islamic boarding school that does not yet have an up to date recording and reporting system that is integrated with the primary health care for monitoring health risks. The purpose of this community service is to empower student administrators in utilizing web-based information technology for monitoring health risks in Islamic boarding schools. The implementation method used is a Participatory Technology Development and educative approach. The output targets to be achieved are increasing knowledge about monitoring health risks in Islamic boarding schools, skills in measuring nutritional status and skills in utilizing health risk information technology. The results showed an increase in the average score of students' knowledge about the importance of surveillance-based health risk monitoring. Before being given education, the average score of knowledge of students was only 69. And after being given education, the average score of knowledge increased to 91. In addition, 80% of participants were able to measure nutritional status with the correct stages. And skills in using information technology in recording health risk factors are also very good. Participants is very easy and fast in using health information technology. The use of information technology in monitoring health risks is expected to help improve introspective health management in Islamic boarding schools. There needs to be more widespread socialization to other Islamic boarding schools and ongoing assistance related to the use of web-based information technology in monitoring health risks in Islamic boarding schools

Konsep Urban Farming Untuk Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Masyarakat Desa Kampung Baru

Urban farming is a supporter of aspects of the beauty of the city and the feasibility of using sustainable spatial planning. Urban Farming is also carried out to increase income or activities to produce foodstuffs for family consumption. The methods used in this work program are: 1) Socialization or education approach, 2) Participatory Rural Aprasial which involves the community in all activities, 3) Participatory Technology Development which utilizes appropriate technology to integrate with science and local wisdom, namely plant cultivation with the concept of urban farming. The Measuring Instrument used in this report is a descriptive measuring tool, namely observation. The observations made to be a measuring tool in this report are to see the level of response from the community. Another observation is to look at the level of participation from the community. Finally, the observation we made was by looking at the level of interest from the community. This activity is in seeing the success of the activities carried out, namely by looking at changes in the attitudes of the people of Kampung Baru Village. The expected result and achievement is an increase in the knowledge and skills of the people of Kampung Baru Village in maintaining their family's food security, through practical vegetable crop farming using the concept of urban farming.

The Implementation of a Participatory Technology Development Process in a Clinical Setting.

The implementation of a participatory technology development process has been realized within the development of an anti-decubitus system. Nurses as the user group are involved in that process. Beside results, the methodical background and the specific conditions for the realization are presented and discussed.

UTILIZING VILLAGE WATER BODIES FOR POLYCULTURE OF FISH AND PRAWN: ROLE OF INPUTS IN PRODUCTION ENHANCEMENT

A field study on participatory technology development (PTD) approaches was taken up in the southern transitional zone (Zone 7) of Karnataka in village water bodies leased by the Grama Panchayat. Polyculture of Indian Major Carps catla and rohu with freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated. The experimental water bodies were of the size 0.8 to 1.0 ha, having an average depth of 1.8 m to 2 m. After observing pre-stocking management measures, the water bodies were stocked with fingerlings of catla and rohu at 0.5 /m2each and juveniles of prawn at1/m2. In T1, replicate water bodies received cow dung as manure at 6 t/ha, applied in split doses of 375 kg once every fortnight and the fish were fed at the rate of 3% of body weight daily in the morning hours. Water bodies receiving only cow dung at 6t/ha were designated T2. Two water bodies without either of the inputs served as the control and were designated as T3. The average total production in T1 treatment was significantly higher at 3401.40 kg/ha compared to T2 and T3, which recorded 1674.25 kg/ha and 975.75 kg/ha production respectively. Production of the prawn was 544.50 kg/ha, 146.75 kg/ha and 45.25 kg/ha in T1, T2, and T3 treatments. The average survival rate of fish was 83.41%, 54.39%, and 32.16%, while that of the prawn was 64.55%, 34.65% and 28.6% respectively. The study indicates that use of manure and feed in polyculture of fish and prawns could be a viable strategy for enhancing productivity and profitability in village water bodies.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PLANTING MEDIA FOR NURSERY IN KEUMUNENG PEUT VILLAGE, DARUL AMAN DISTRICT, EAST ACEH REGENCY

ABSTRACT&#x0D; The implementation of environmentally friendly planting media products is carried out by implementing methods through four activity approaches, including: implementing implementation through (1) Community development model approach by involving the community directly as the subject and object of implementing Community Service (PKM) activities. (2) The application of the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) model with the application of direct community involvement in all activities to be carried out. (3) The application of the Participatory Technology Development model by utilizing an appropriate technology (TTG) based on local knowledge and wisdom, where training and mentoring are carried out for partner groups. (4) The application of persuasive means that the activity is a support and an appeal without any element of coercion to take an active role in this activity.

"Constraints Faced by Dairy Owners in Adoption of Marketing and Scientific Dairy Practices in Haryana"

"The present study was conducted in Sirsa and Hisar districts of Haryana state with the objective to find the constraints faced by dairy owners on adoption of marketing and scientific dairy practices. The multistage stratified random sampling technique was used for selection of the respondents. It was revealed from the study conducted in Sirsa and Hisar districts of Haryana that farmers of Sirsa perceived constraints regarding feeding practices most seriously and with higher concentration as compared to the farmers of Hisar districts which may be due to significant difference of agro-climatic variation as well as lack of large sized processing industries in Hisar district as compared to such industries in Sirsa district. All the farmers’ across different categories reported lack of veterinary clinics and medical stores and high cost of treatment as serious constraints thus underlining the immediate need of low cost and highly accessible treatment. Uniform application of technology or adoption of umbrella approach for extension appears difficult given the observed differences in awareness and adoption. Future research and technology generation should, therefore, identify the differential technological requirements of different categories of farmers and should deliver technologies appropriate to needs of farmers. Shift to farming systems research and participatory technology development are suggested."

Efficacy of farmer field schools in achieving participatory technology development among smallholder farmers in the Hoima district, Uganda

Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy of FFS for participatory technology development among smallholder farmers in Hoima district, Uganda. It is anticipated that by making FFS concrete, household food security will be enhanced. Research methodology: The study utilised primary data, which was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. While 120 respondents were sampled, 103 responded, generating a response rate of 85.83%. This was an excellent response seeing that it merited above 75%. The researcher administered all questionnaires in one month. Results: From the findings indicate that PTD is more desirable in the Hoima district. In addition, the construct of the ability to solve problems from time to time indicates that problem-solving is very desirable for PTD in the Hoima district. The results suggest a positive correlation between FFS and PTD among the study population, indicating that a unit-change in the FFS constructs will lead to a proportionate change in the constructs of PTD in the same direction. This implies that improving FFS quality by a single unit will translate into progressive improvement in PTD in the Hoima district. This study also suggests that FFS alone has a strong positive influence on PTD in the Hoima district. Limitations: This study merely covered farmer-field schools, yet several interventions aim to raise the quality of agriculture in Uganda, such as National Agricultural Advisory Services and Emyoga. Contribution: This study contributes to the deeper understanding of what ought to be done to improve the quality of farming in Uganda.

Development of exotic cultural tourism after the COVID-19 pandemic in Gunungsari Village Madiun Indonesia

This Society Service Program aimed to explore the unique tourism offered by Gunungsari Tourism Village of Kabupaten Madiun. Gunungsari people, through their Tourism Awareness Group (Kelompok Sadar Wisata) Sentono Taruno Puroboyo has offered Javanese Culture tourism packages which are branded as “Backdoor Tourism” and “Kampung Ajar Kejawen”. The programs arranged to develop this tourism village have been modified to fit in Covid 19 pandemic situation. The programs are documentary literature writing, Javanese culture-themed short story competition, bilingual travel guide, English for tourism training, protective health gear procurement for tourism place, Javanese manuscript writing on lontar leaves, and decorative display made of “Janur Kuning” (young leaf of big palm tree) through youtube channel, and digital technology training. Therefore, some methods and approaches are used in this program, including Participatory Rural Appraisal, Participatory Technology Development, Community Development, persuasive, and educative. This program has equipped Pokdarwis members with enough knowledge to communicate in English, manage the website and youtube channel, and supply their protective health gear. The direct impact of this program on Gunungsari tourism is the significant increase in the number of visitors coming on-site by applying strict health protocol in the tourism place to ensure tourist security.

Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Patients With Major Depression: Systematic Review of Health Implications.

BackgroundDepression is often associated with rapid changes in mood and quality of life that persist for a period of 2 weeks. Despite medical innovations, there are problems in the provision of care. Long waiting times for treatment and high recurrence rates of depression cause enormous costs for health care systems. At the same time, comprehensive limitations in physical, psychological, and social dimensions are observed for patients with depression, which significantly reduce their quality of life. In addition to patient-specific limitations, undersupply and inappropriate health care have been determined. For this reason, new forms of care are discussed. Smartphone-based therapy is considered to have great potential due to its reach and easy accessibility. Low socioeconomic groups, which are always difficult to reach for public health interventions, can now be accessed due to the high dispersion of smartphones. There is still little information about the impact and mechanisms of smartphone-based therapy on depression. In a systematic literature review, the health implications of smartphone-based therapy were presented in comparison with standard care.ObjectiveThe objective of this review was to identify and summarize the existing evidence regarding smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with depression and to present the health implications of smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy of considered endpoints.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies by means of inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this purpose, the PubMed and Psyndex databases were systematically searched using a search syntax. The endpoints of depressive symptoms, depression-related anxiety, self-efficacy or self-esteem, and quality of life were analyzed. Identified studies were evaluated for study quality and risk of bias. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were identified.ResultsThe studies examined in this review reported contradictory results regarding the investigated endpoints. In addition, due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, it was difficult to derive evident results. All included studies reported effects on depressive symptoms. The other investigated endpoints were only reported by isolated studies. Only 50% (4/8) of the studies reported effects on depression-related anxiety, self-efficacy or self-esteem, and quality of life.ConclusionsNo clear implications of smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy could be established. Evidence for the treatment of depression using smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy is limited. Additional research projects are needed to demonstrate the effects of smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy in the context of evidence-based medicine and to enable its translation into standard care. Participatory technology development might help to address current problems in mobile health intervention studies.

Improvement Of Feed Utilization And Survival Rate Of Clarias Gariepinus Using Probiotic And Fermented Feed In Cemorokandang District

The common problem faced by catfish culturing in Cemorokandang District is high feed costs, low survival rate and high feed conversion ratio. The purpose of this acivity was to solve the problems faced by the farmers of catfish culture. The method of this activity was to transfer a knowledge and appropriate technology to farmers through Participatory Rural Appraisal and Participatory Technology Development. The activities that have been carried out in catfish culture are: (1) socialization, training and mentoring of probiotic production, (2) socialization, training and mentoring of fermented feed production using soy flour and wheat bran (3) construction of 2 m diameter of tarpaulin tanks , (4) provision of catfish seeds 7 cm, (5) the application of fermented feed and probiotic, and (6) monitoring and evaluation.

Public-Private Partnership in Agricultural Extension: A Strategy for Increasing Farmers’ Income

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) involves a contract between public and private sector entities wherein the private entity provides a public service or project and assumes the substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the project with specified roles and responsibilities. The PPP approach supplements scarce public resources created a more competitive environment and helped to improve efficiencies and reduce costs. Public-private partnerships have seen a large increase over the years in part because local and state governments rely heavily on the growing number of non-profits to provide many public services that they cannot. At this time, Public-Private Partnership in agricultural extension is required in India to overcome the wide extension worker: farmer ratio in India, to reduce the financial burden on the government, to confine the role of village-level extension worker and for commercialization of agriculture. Review of various studies indicated the different types of models for PPP, which are public funded and private management, both sharing funding with private management, Public Facilitation and Private Funding, Sharing of funding and utilization of facility/information created by both, Public Infrastructure-Private Resources and Management, Public Facilitation- Private Funding and Private Management, Partnership Sans Financial Involvement. Studies also explored the potential areas for Public-Private Partnerships such as technology dissemination, Sale of Inputs, Processing and Marketing of Agri products, Infrastructure support for production, processing and marketing and Participatory Technology Development and Dissemination (PTDD). Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is the best example of the site for the successful Public-Private Partnership in agriculture extension. The concept of Public-Private Partnership should be implicated in the potential areas which will prove helpful in reducing the burden on government financial resources as well as creating more opportunities and increase their income resulting in raising their living standards.

Crowdsourcing Knowledge: An Extension Approach for Remunerative and Sustainable Home Garden Farming Systems in Kerala

Kerala has pioneered development models through farmer participatory approaches. Involving the grassroots in scientific studies can help improve crop variety adoption and refined technology recommendations. Participatory tools like Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Participatory Technology Development (PTD), On Farm Testing (OFT), Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) and Participatory Breeding Programmes (PBP) are all time-tested examples of its successful use in researches. Crowdsourced citizen science approach called tricot – ‘triadic comparisons of technologies’ is popular today, where farmers are made to adopt three crop varieties or technologies randomly assigned to them from a broader set of varieties/technologies for final choice aimed at continuous adoption. The results of this study conducted during 2019-2020 revealed that more than 80% of the farmers fully adopted the technology prescribed in the checklist as a result of crowdsourcing knowledge. The results on attitude of farmers towards crowdsourcing revealed that majority of the farmers posessed favourable attitude towards crowdsourcing approach.

Sustainability of Participatory Technology Development &amp; Transfer Approach for Sugarcane Farmers

Participatory Technology Development and Transfer (PTD & T) is an effective action research approach. It empowers all the stakeholders, especially the farmers who are many a time invisible. A PTD project was implemented for Sugarcane development in Tamil Nadu and the outcome was a mixture of success and failures. The paper presents the findings and asserts that the approach is sustainable.

A feedback mechanism for appropriate technology development and dissemination: Case study approach

The delivery of appropriate technology to rural communities poses multi-dimensional challenges, such as the lack of acceptance, complexities in implementation, and sustainability. The solution to this problem requires a structured approach and institutionalised intervention. In recent years, the top-down approach of rural development practiced creation/enablement of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises through technological interventions. But there has been no technology transfer framework available for rural organisations, especially in the context of developing nations. Thus, the aim of this article is to propose a holistic technology transfer mechanism with necessary understanding of the problems and mitigation of relevant hurdles. A case of a collaborative technology development mechanism called the Rural Technology Action Group (RuTAG), has been discussed using a qualitative case study approach. This new rural technology transfer mechanism was found to be effective for upgrading traditional tools/technologies in practice among rural artisans, weavers, and farmers. To showcase the participatory technology development and dissemination strategy, a case of redesigning a Pirn winding machine is presented. The new Pirn winding machine can produce 12 Pirns at a time instead of 1 Pirn, as in the traditional process. This paper highlights some of the key aspects of technology development, assessment, transfer, and hand-holding, which is befitting for resource-constrained areas.

Participatory Technology Development to Enhance Community Resilience.

To assess the feasibility of a novel, partnered technology development process to co-create mobile health applications (apps) addressing community health priorities, using psychoeducation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles for enhancing resilience as an example. Stakeholder engagement, workgroups, pilot feasibility study using mixed methods during October 2013 through January 2016 over three phases: 1) defining the vision of the project and increasing technical capacity, 2) co-development and pilot testing of the app, and 3) planning for sustainability. An academic-community partnership in South Los Angeles, California. Eight stakeholders; 30 pilot participants from the community. Qualitative analysis of audio-recordings of the app development process and stakeholder interviews, surveys of stakeholders' perception of the development process, app use data, and feedback from pilot participants. The participatory technology development process resulted in creation and pilot-testing of a resiliency-focused text messaging app. Of the 1,107 messages sent, 23 out of 30 (77%) app users responded to explore interactive content. Stakeholders reported increased perceived competency in creating mobile apps and that the process fostered a culture of co-leadership. There was also sustained engagement in mobile app development by stakeholders beyond the initial project period. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the feasibility of participatory technology development, an approach involving direct participation in the development, tailoring and maintenance of a mobile app by a broad set of stakeholders with high representation from racial/ethnic minorities from an under-resourced community. Participatory technology development is a promising approach for creating sustainable, relevant and engaging health technologies across different technological, clinical and community settings.